Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

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PAGE
BE

New Species of Primula. By Professor Bayley Balfour, FAS.
Beesia, a New Genus of Ranunculaceae from Burma and Yunnan.

With Plate CXLVIII. By Professor Bayley Balfour,

F.R.S., and W. W. Smith, M.A. ; ; : : es
The Two Rust Diseases of the Spruce. With Plate CXLIX. By

A. W. Borthwick, D.Sc., and Malcolm Wilson, D.Sc.,

Pak ‘ : ‘ ; <
Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti ook Botanici

Edinburgensis cognitarum. (Species chinenses.) Clio. 7t
New Species of Primula. By Professor Bayley Balfour, Pio, . 345
New Species of Rhododendron. By Professor Bayley Balfour, »

F.R.S. : : : ; ; ; a » 27

Correction.

Page 190, line 20. After
‘(excepting P. pusilla, Wall.)

‘species’ amsert

>

NOTES

FROM THE

ROYAL BOTANIC: GARDEN,

EDINBURGH.

APRIL 1915.

CONTENTS.

New Species of Primula. By Professor Bayley Balfour,
F. R. S. * . > * > °

Beesia, a New Genus of Ranunculaceae ‘ost Burma and
Yunnan. (With Plate CXLVIIL) By Professor aie!
Balfour, F.R.S.,and W. W.Smith,MA. - + «e

The Two Rust Diseases of the Spruce. (With Plate CXLIX.)
By A. W. Borthwick, D.Se., and Malcolm Wilson, D.Se.,
F.LS. . . ‘

EDIN NBURGH:
PRINTED ee tors AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJ iy hae
TIONERY OFFICE
By peer & CO., LIMITED,
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New Species of Primula.
By

Proressor BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R.S.

:,

Tue fifty species described here are :—

Primula (Maximowiczii) aemula, Balf. fil. et Forrest, p. 2.
(Geranioides) alsophila, Balf. fil. et Farrer, p. 4.
(Denticulata) alta, Balf. fil. et Forrest, p. 5.
Yunnanensis) annulata, Balf. fil. et Ward, p. 6.
(Sonchifolia) Calderiana, Balf. fil. et Cooper, ps7.
Malvacea) celsiaeformis, Balf. fil., p. 7.
(Muscarioides) cephalantha, Balf. fil. 7p. 10.

' (Nivalis) chionantha, Balf. fil. et Forrest, yh at:

Auriculata ?) conspersa, Balf. fil. et Purdom, p. 14.
(Bella) coryphaea, Balf. fil. et Ward, p. 15.
(Auriculata ?) fasciculata, Balf. fil. et Ward, p. 16.
(Souliei) florida, Balf. fil. et Forrest, 6

De) Harrissii, Watt, p. 2
Calliantha) helvenacea, Balt. fil, et Ward, p. 23.
Bella) indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm., p. 24.

Malacoides) meiantha, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sa. p- 28.
Minutissima) melichlora, Balf. fil.et W. W. Sm., p. 29.
Pulchella) minor, Balf. fil. et tae P 29.
Sonchifolia) nemoralis, Balf. fil.,
(Incisa) oresbia, Balf. fil., p. 32.
Amethystina) petrophyes, Balf. fil., p. 33

i

Pulchella) pulchelloides, Ward, p
ue Rosea) rhodantha oe et W. W. ‘Sm., p- e
[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. XLI , April sore

Wt. 13/608—500—11/ 1/15—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10.

2 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula (Mollis) riparia, Balf. fil. et Farrer, p. 40.
» (Rosea) rosiflora, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm., p. 41.
,», (Souliei) rupicola, Balf. fil. et Forrest, p. -

( p. 44.
> ,, (Sphaerocephala) sphaerocephala, Balf. fil. et Forrest,

Pp. 45.
Denticulata) stolonifera, Balf. fil. et Forrest, p. i
Auriculata) tanupoda, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm Lop A
Sonchifolia) taraxacoides, Balf. fil., p. 40.
(Sikkimensis) Traillii, Watt, p. 49.

is Yunnanensis) Um brella , Forres p- 51.

» (Omphalogramma) ioe Seaside ane et Purdom,

-
.
aii, ttn, pe, pia

Pp. 52.
vl as Waddellii, Balf. fil, et W. W. Sm.,
6.

is Sikkimensis) Waltoni, Watt, p. 57.
» (Auriculata) Wardii, Balf. fil. , p. 58.
a (Nivalis) Woodwardii, Balf. fil. , p. 61.

Qo Primula aemula, Bali. fil. et Forrest.

Robusta epilosa efarinosa glaberrima. Folia rosulata floribus
coaetanea basi squamis alabastri circumcincta magna ad 30 cm.
longa ad 6 cm. lata carnosula anguste obovato-oblonga obtusa
hic illic mucronulata minute denticulata in petiolum alatum
haud distinctum deorsum attenuata utrinque laevissima subtus
glauca venis primariis e costa media prominula acutissime
adscendentibus. Scapus crassus ad.7 dm. altus verticillos 4-5
multifloros inter se remotos et umbellam terminalem gerens ;
bracteae virides a basi vaginata auriculata abrupte acuminatae
quasi caudatae pedicellis breviores infimae ad 15 mm. longae
supremae minores ; pedicelli validi ad 3.5 cm. longi apice de-
clinati, sub fructu erecti stricti ad 6 cm. longi anthopodio magno
semilenticulari terminati. Calyx late campanulatus ad I cm.
longus crassus tubo costis 5 viridibus vittato ad medium fissus
lobis erectis adpressis a basi lanceolatis acuminatis haud hyda-
thodo corneo terminatis. Corollae flavae aureo-oculatae tubus
infundibuliformis supra stamina ampliatus ad 1.4 cm. longus
calycem superans membranaceus extus nitidus intus annulo
magno 5-lobato instructus infra stamina vix rugosus, limbi plani
discus subpuberulus 3 mm. latus, lobi crassi oblongo-ovati ad
9 mm. longi 5 mm. lati integri obtusi mucronulati. Stamina
antheris 2.5 mm. longis et connectivo brunneo, in flore brevistylo
filamentis conspicuis applanatis 1.5 mm. longis orem tubi corol-
lini versus inserta antherarum apicibus ultra annulum paullo
exsertis, in flore longistylo filamentis inconspicuis prope medium
tubi inserta apicibus antherarum circ. 5 mm. ab annulo remotis.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 3

Ovarium globosum stylopodio non coronatum; stylus brevis
vix calycem aequans, longus corollae tubo vix brevior ; stigma
capitatum purpureum lobulatum. Capsula magna ad 1.7 cm.
longa calyce duplo-longior cylindrica crustacea extus longi-
tudinaliter striata erubescens ab apice valvis 5-10 incrassatis
dehiscens. Semina angulata subrhomboidea ad I mm. diam. ;
testa brunnea spongiosa.

Ex affinitate minus cognitae P. reflexae, Petitm. sed verti-
cillis pluribus multifloris, bracteis basi non sacciformibus, calyce
non nigro-striato, limbo corollino plano, lobis non rotundatis
differt.

Yunnan :—Open mountain pasture on mountains of the
Chungtien plateau. Alt. 11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Plant of.
24-30 inches. Flowers bright yellow with a satiny sheen on
‘ exterior. G. Forrest. No. 10,687. July 1913; No. 11,284.
Sept. 1913. In fruit. In Herb. Edin.

A magnificent species. It finds it nearest Chinese allies
undoubtedly in P. orbicularis, Hemsley and P. reflexa, Petitm.
These agree according to descriptions in having orbicular petals,
and by that character should be at once diagnosed from P
aemula, Balf. fil. et Forrest. P. orbicularis, Hemsley is also
a farinose species, which P. aemula, Balf. fil. et Forrest is not,
and P. reflexa, Petitm. has reflexed petals as in P. szechuanica,
Pax—a character not found in P. aemula, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

P. orbicularis, Hemsl. was discovered by Wilson in the region
about Tatsien-lu, and from seed collected by him it was raised
by Veitch & Sonin1g06. The plant was figured in the Botanical
Magazine under tab. 8135, and a dried specimen of the cultivated
plant So preserved in the Kew Herbarium marked “ Wilson
3003A I have not seen in any collection a native specimen
Sy 3003A, and, as the plant has died out of cultivation, this
dried cultivated specimen is probably the only material re-
presentation of it. I have compared it with Forrest’s plant
here described, and there is no doubt about their distinctness.

P. reflexa, Petitm. is a more difficult subject with which to
make comparison, as the species is little known. But Petit-
mengin’s description is inapplicable to Forrest’s plant con-
spicuously as regards the vegetative apparatus which is alto-
gether different from that of P. sikkimensis, Hook.—which
P. refiexa, Petitm. is said to resemble,—and then the saccate
bracts of P. reflexa, Petitm. ought to separate it readily from
P. aemula, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Another yellow-flowered species, P. tsetzouenensis, Petitm.
is described as having leaves cordiform at base and also saccate
bracts—characters which do not suit P. aemula, Balf. fil. et

IT

yt

4 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula alsophila, Balf. fil. et Farrer.

Sylvestris humicola stolonifera late stolonibus fragilibus
radicantibus sub muscos repens. Folia petiolata ad Io cm.
longa 2-3 basi vaginantia rhizomatis corona exeuntia caetera
evaginantia e stolonibus singulatim inter se remota orientia ;
lamina cordato-palmatifida ad 3 cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata 7-lobata
lobis quadratis acutis acute tri-lobulatis margine piloso-ciliata
sinu angusto utrinque sparsim pilosula laeto-viridis subtus
pallidior ; petiolus tenuis pilis albidis sparsissime obsitus. Scapus
ad 15 cm. longus gracillimus infra sparsim albo-pilosus superne
puberulus umbellam 2-3-floram gerens ; bracteae 2-3 ad 6 mm.
longae lineari-subulatae membranaceae puberulae; pedicelli
filiformes ad 2 cm. longi minutissime sparsimque puberuli nunc
purpurascentes ; anthopodium turbinatum. Calyx ad 6 mm.
longus late campanulatus sepalorum nervis centralibus paullo —
prominulis viridi-vittatus intervallis pallidioribus subpergamen-
taceis punctatis ultra medium fissus lobis divaricatis a basi
lanceolato-acuminatis minutissime subpuberulis et ciliolatis
viridibus nervo medio conspicuo. Corollae lilacinae tubus 1.2
cm. longus cylindricus membranaceus in flore brevistylo supra
stamina ampliatus intus transverse rugosus annulatus annulo Io-
lobato lobis per paria antipetalis deorsum concavis, limbi concavi
discus 1.5 mm. latus, lobi imbricati obovati ad 7 mm. longi
profunde fissi. Stamina filamentis latis basi expansis et antheris
1.5 mm. longis ad faucem tubi corollini antherarum apicibus.
fere exsertis inserta. Ovarium pyriforme; stylus brevis tubo
calycino vix longior ; stigma magnum discoideum.

Species sectionis Geranioidis habitu repente, foliis, umbella
pauciflora satis distinguenda.

Tibet. Farrer and Purdom. No. 178. 1914. Banks of
very deep moss and woodland decay, only in the very highest
woodland zone of the Thibetan forests round the Bei Ling, at
II,000-12,000 ft., among the Pyrolas—uniflora and rotundifolia.
A most dainty and charming plant, running freely underground,
and forming carpets many yards across. Flowers July 21
(prime a little earlier) ; seed mid-October. In Herb. Edin.

This is a most delightful species, quite different from all
others of the section Geranioides. The long creeping stolons
with slight rooting system are most striking—suggestive of the
growth-form of the plants with which it grows in the moss.
Stolons occur in many Primulas, but I know of no other species
with the type of stolon shown by this plant. That it is com-
mensal might be surmised from its habit, and I find. as is usual in
plants of its habitat, that its stolons are traversed by a mycelium.
Whether, as is the case in Pyrola, Malaxis, and other like plants,
the mycelium extends to the leaves, I have not material to

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 5

determine, but one may expect to find it there, and that the
plant, like its comrades, has the capacity through its guest fungus
of fixing for itself from the atmosphere its nitrogen supply.

(203 Primula alta, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Multiceps puberula radicibus tenuibus et alabastri squamulis
parvis vestita, foliis floribusque coetaneis. Foliarosulataad 7 cm.
longa ad 2.5 cm. lata obovata vel oblonga vel oblanceolata apice
obtusa vel rotundata integra vel obscurissime denticulata in foliis
vetustis venarum extremitate hydathodali rigido-setulosa margine
subciliata utrinque molliter puberula costa media tenui venisque
primariis inconspicuis deorsum in petiolum alatum lamina
breviorem sensim attenuata. Scapus elatus gracilis ad 35 cm.
altus apice plus minusve luteo-farinosus umbellam multifloram
congestam gerens; bracteae submembranaceae plus minusve
luteo-farinosae exteriores ad 5 mm. longae infra vaginam latam
basi gibbosam formantes supra in caudiculam ligulatam obtusam
purpurascentem subito contractae ; pedicelli bracteis breviores
3-5 mm. longi luteo-farinosi ; anthopodium turbinatum magnum
flore abstrictum. Calyx 6 mm. longus poculiformis plus minusve
luteo-farinosus ; tubus membranaceus tenuis albidus nunc
purpurascens ultra medium fissus lobis a basi lanceolatis acutis
ciliatis atropurpureis. Corollae limbus purpureus luteo-oculatus
tubus flavidus vel rubescens ad 9 mm. longus cylindricus in flore
brevistylo superne ampliatus extus glaber intus exannulatus
supra stamina transverse rugosus infra membranaceus, limbi
patuli vix I mm. lati discus puberulus, lobi ad 6.5 mm. longi
obovati profunde bipartiti. Stamina filamentis brevissimis
antheris 2 mm. longis, in flore longistylo basin tubi corollini
versus inserta antherarum apicibus ab ore circ. 5 mm. remotis
calycis lobis dimidio-breviora, in flore brevistylo supra medium in-
serta apicibus ab ore circ. 2.5 mm.remotis. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus longus corollae tubo vix dimidio-brevior, brevis calyce
dimidio-brevior ; stigma capitatum obconoideum depressum.

- Capsula ovoidea melichlora calyce inclusa valvis 5 ab apice
dehiscens ; placenta — globoso-ovoidea. Semina brunnea
minuta 0.5 mm. diam. ; testa cellulis aeriferis corrugata.

Species Decniciies Denticulatae ex affinitate P. radzatae,
Balf. fil. et Forrest sed foliis molliter pubescentibus fere integris,
scapo elongato, calycis tubo membranaceo, et notis aliis
segregata

Viena: Moist pastureland. Hills N.W. of Tengyueh.
Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Lat. 25° ro’ N. Plant of 9-15 inches.
Flowers deep purplish blue. G. Forrest. No. 9679. February
1913. In Herb. Edin.

=
ry

6 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

This is one of the southern forms of the widespread type
of P. denticulata, Sm. and a very distinct one it is. Its small
rosette of obovate puberulous leaves, from which a scape of
great length for the size of the rosette ascends, gives it a well-
marked character. The rhizome forms several rosettes, and
there may be several scapes ascending from the same tuft. Its
calyx has a curious membranous inflated appearance in dried
specimens. It is the Chinese representative of the Himalayan
P. erosioides (Watt), Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

+ Primula annulata, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Pusilla efarinosa rhizomate tenui ramoso late repente vestigiis
foliorum vetustorum obtecto. Folia puberularosulata ad 1.5 cm.
longa 5mm. lata spathulata vel oblongo-spathulata obtusa mar-
gine regulariter serrata vel serrato-lobata deorsum sensim in
petiolum alatum lamina longiorem evaginantem attenuata.
Scapus ad 3.5 cm. altus gracilis uniflorus puberulus; bracteae
duae parvulae puberulae virides lanceolatae subulatae alternae
superior major ad 2.5 mm. longa ; pedicellus erectus ad 3.5 mm.
longus puberulus ; anthopodium parvum. Calyx 3.5 mm. longus
campanulatus viridis puberulus ultra medium fissus lobis
triangularibus vel oblongo-deltoideis obtusis vel acutis nunc
obscure dentatis ciliatis. Corollae violaceae tubus ad 4 mm.
longus calycem triente vel quadrante superans supra stamina
ampliatus extus erubescens intus ad orem minute puberulus
annulo prominulo lobato instructus, limbi discus puberulus
brevissimus, lobi ad 3 mm. longi obcuneati ad medium divari-
catim bipartiti. Stamina filamentis brevissimis antheris 0.5 mm.
longis in flore longistylo ad medium tubi corollini inserta calyce
inclusa. Ovarium sphaeroideum; stylus longus vix calyce
longior stamina paullo superans. Capsula oblonga calyce vix
aucto omnino inclusa ; placenta columnaris.

Species pusilla aspectu P. ywnnanensts, Franch., et P. bellae,
Franch., sed ab hac oris barbati inopia ab illa corollae prominulo
annulo recedit.

-W. Yunnan. A-tun-tsu. Ona limestone peak, 14,000 ft. -
June 1913. FF. Kingdon Ward. No. 511. In Herb. Edin.

Two or three plants collected by Ward under the number 511
but without further designation are all that we have of this
distinct species. The habit of the specimens shows that the
plant is one of mossy loose soils such as we associate with P.
membranifolia, Franch., P. yunnanensis, Franch., and like forms.
The delicate rhizome branches are closely invested with the
brown dry leaves of previous years. The small flower with a
distinct prominent annulus not barbate is a characteristic
feature of the plant.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 7

\W{9 Primula Calderiana, Balf. fil. et Cooper.

Glabra efarinosa rhizomate parvo foliis longe petiolatis.
Folia crassiuscula ad 12 cm. longa ad 1.5 cm. lata oblanceolata
obtusa margine eroso-denticulata ecartilaginea utrinque punctis
albidis quasi squamatis cellularum aeriferarum instructa subtus
efoveolata costa media prominula deorsum in petiolum angus-
tum alatum vaginantem sensim attenuata. Scapus ad 15 cm.
altus gracilis infra glaber superne velutino-puberulus et pur-
purascens umbellam circa 12-floram gerens; bracteae ad 7
mm. longae a basi lata acuminatae nigro-purpureae velutino-
puberulae ; pedicelli filiformes flexiles nigro-purpurei puberuli
ad 1.5 cm. longi; anthopodium magnum obconoideum. Calyx
ad 6 mm. longus crassus campanulatus nigro-purpureus pube-
rulus ad vel vix ultra medium fissus lobis ovatis obtusis.
Corollae atropurpureae crassae tubus in flcre brevistylo ad
I cm. longus in longistylo 1 cm. longus calycem superans supra
stamina subito ampliatus extus glaber intus cellulis aeriferis
albidis notatus ad orem annulo magno luteo coronaeformi
instructus infra stamina sub-membranaceus, limbi patuli discus
puberulus circa 8 mm. latus, lobi circa 6 mm. longi et lati
oblongi vel elliptici vel rotundati emarginati vel suberosi.
Stamina magna filamentis 1 mm. longis ad basin latis et strumis
intermediis corollinis annulum formantibus conjunctis, antheris
2 mm. longis, in flore longistylo fere ad medium tubi corollini
inserta apicibus antherarum ab annulo circ.2 mm. remotis, in flore
brevistylo apicem tubi versus inserta apicibus circ. 0.5 mm. ab
annulo remotis. Ovarium discoideum ; stylus longus exsertus,
brevis calyce brevior ; stigma magnum ovoideum lobulatum.

Species ex affinitate P. Gammicanae, King forsan microforma,
foliis oblanceolatis longioribus, floribus minoribus paucioribus,
calyce nigro-purpureo non angulato, corolla extus non velutina
et annuli forma distinguenda.

Sikkim. Above Changu. Alt. 12,500 ft. Purple; very
variable, but common on peat hill tops. R. E. Cooper. No.
20. 28th June 1913. In Herb. Edin.

Sikkim. Changu. Alt. 12,000 ft. W. W. Smith. No.
3285. June rgro. In Herb. Calc.

One of the many forms which have been confused under
the name P. obtusifolia, Royle. As matter of fact P. obtusi-
folia, Royle, is a rare plant of the North-West Himalayas, and
all the plants from Sikkim and the East Himalaya which have
been referred to P. obtusifolia, Royle, belong to other species.

\)5% Primula celsiaeformis, Balf. fil.
Herbacea omnino subasperula pilis glandulisque obsita
rhizomate parvo folia pauca petiolata et scapum racemosum

8 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

floribus inter se inaequaliter remotis vestitum emittente.
Folia ad 24 cm. longa; lamina ad 10 cm. longa ad 5 cm. lata
oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica apice obtusa vel rotundata margine
late crenulato-undulata crenis hydathodo corneo venarum
denticulatis basi inaequilateralis latere uno subdecurrente altero
rotundato sinum semi-cordatum formante costa media subtus
prominula in sectione semicirculari cum venis primariis sub-
patulis percursa utrinque glandulis capitatis brevissime stipi-
tatis obsita supra subbullata et pilis albis longis conspersa
subtus subfavosa elevato-venulosa ad costam mediam et venas
dense hirsuto-tomentosa; petiolus ad 15 cm. longus lamina
longior erectus plus minusve pubescens vel tomentosus vel
sublanatus basi in vaginam parvam expansus. Scapus robustus
ad 40 cm. longus hirsuto-tomentosus racemum longum cum |
floribus breviter pedicellatis irregulariter dispositis gerens ;
bracteae ad 6 mm. longae lineari-subulatae vel anguste ligu-
latae apice subulatae glanduloso-pubescentes ; pedicelli stricti
horizontales ad 1.5 cm. longi glanduloso-pubescentes ; antho-
podium breve. Calyx obconicus ad 7 mm. longus foliaceus
patens extus venuloso-reticulatus scabriusculus praesertim ad
venas intus evenulosus vel venulis haud elevatis obscure sub-
bullatus dense scabriusculo-puberulus ad medium fissus lobis
late triangularibus ciliatis acutis plus minusve denticulatis.
Corollae violaceae tubus ad 1.2 cm. longus cylindricus ad in-
sertionem staminum constrictus extus intusque puberulus
infra stamina paullo rugosus annulatus lobis 5 antipetalis
crenulatim conjunctis, limbi discus poculiformis 3 mm. latus
puberulus, lobi magni puberuli imbricati fere 1 cm. longi late
obovati membranacei profunde angusteque fissi ciliolati. Sta-
mina in flore longistylo filamentis conspicuis deorsum expansis
et. conjunctis pseudo-annulum formantibus antherisque 1.5 cm.
longis infra medium tubi corollini inserta calyce breviora.
Ovarium subdiscoideum muro ubique crustaceo ; stylus longus
tenuis basi tumidus tubo corollino multo brevior; stigma
oblongum. Capsula globosa muro per totum incrassato stylum
persistentem gerens calyce accreto ad 2 cm. longo late patente
viridi foliaceo lobisque prominenter hydathodo corneo denti-
culatis inclusa,

Species ex affinitate P. blattariformis, Franch., foliis oblongis
longe petiolatis subtus subfavosis glandulis capitatis plurimis
vestitis, pedicellis longioribus, staminum insertione et notis aliis
facile distinguenda.

West China. Rocks of Ta-tchai. Alt. 1800 ft. July. E. E.
Maire. In Herb. Edin

Quite a distinct gible Sowercd species of the section
Malvacea. From P. blattariformis, Franch. its nearest ally,

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 9

the long-stalked leaves distinguish it at sight, and there are
many other easily recognised distinctions some of which I have
noted above.

The Malvacea series of Primula is a compact and definite
one. The species are all herbaceous forms with coarse leaves
and long racemose inflorescences bearing flowers the calyx
of which is diagnostic. It is foliaceous with well-developed
reticulate venation more or less elevated, and the obconical
tube expands into broad spreading lobes. In fruit the whole
enlarges to form a platter-like expansion in the middle of which
rests the globose capsule, the wall of which is thickened through-
out its whole extent. The species now known—not all with
completeness—are :—

. malvacea, Franch., P. blattariformis, Franch., P. Tenana,
Bonati, P. celsiaeformis, Balf. fil_—all purple or lilac-flowered forms.

P. bathangensis, Petitm., P. pintchouanensis, Petitm.—yellow-
flowered forms.

At the time of the Primula Conference I included P. neuro-
calyx, Franch., in this section. I was wrong. It finds its
nearest allies in the Mollis section.

f P. racemosa, Bonati, which I had not seen at the time
of the Conference, and which I upheld doubtfully as a species,
I am now able to say, after an examination of a type specimen,
that it is only a poor plant of P. bathangensis, Petitm. To
make up for the casting out of his P. racemosa, Bonati, I
console M. Bonati by raising his P. blattariformis, Franch.,
var. Duclouxii, Bonati, to the rank of a species. Unfortunately
the name Duclouxii has been already attached by Petit-
mengin to a microform of P. malacoides, Franch. and the name
P. Tenana now given to Bonati’s plant is in honour of its collector
Pére Siméon Ten. M. Bonati sent to me a sheet of this for
examination. The following is the diagnosis :—

P. Tenana, Bonati: P. blattariformis, Franch. var. Duclouxit,
Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, sér. 4, ix (1909), 465.

A P. blattariformi, Franch. differt foliis mollibus haud scabridis
brevibus (4-5 cm. longis, 3-4 cm. latis) basi cordatis profunde
lobatis, lobis rotundis ; scapo scabrido haud lanato; pedicellis
longioribus (1-2 cm.) ; bracteis latioribus calyce multo breviori-
bus; floribus minoribus; forma calycis post anthesin ultra
2 cm. diametientis.

Yunnan. Makong near Tong-Tchouan. Coll. Siméon Ten.
In Herb. Paris under Ducloux, No. 556.

An addition to the list of the Malvacea Primulas.

1 have no further information about P. pintchouanensts,
Petitm. and include it as a species with still a doubt.

re)
rE

ae) BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula cephalantha, Balf. fil.

Pilosa rhizomate parvo. Folia rosulata petiolata ad Io
cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata; lamina anguste oblonga vel sublan-
ceolata obtusa margine serrato-lobata vel inaequaliter grosse
dentata supra pubescens subtus pallidior pilis villosis prae-
sertim ad venas obtecta deorsum in petiolum lamina breviorem
vel eam aequantem alatum villosum attenuata. Scapus ad
25 cm. altus glaber superne plus minusve luteo-farinosus capi-
tulum pluriflorum subspicatum gerens; bracteae externae ad

mm. longae membranaceae plus minusve luteo-farinosae
deflexae basi lata vaginantes minutissime ciliatae superne
acuminatae calycem aequantes interlores minores; pedicelli
subnulli; anthopodium latum flore abstrictum. Flos de-
flexus. Calyx tenuiter membranaceus pallide viridis cupuli-
formis dense luteo-farinosus ad 4 mm. longus haud ad medium
fissus lobis mucronulatis inaequalibus posteriore maximo rotun-
dato anteriore angustiore ovato vel oblongo obtuso vel sub-
acuto. Corollae purpureae anguste tubulosae limbo concavo
tubus ad 8 mm. longus extus luteo-farinosus intus glaber ex-
annulatus infra stamina in flore brevistylo rugosus, limbi discus
2.5 mm. longus luteo-farinosus, lobi aperti breves 2.5 mm.
longi erecti oblongi vel subquadrati vel subrectangulares nec
rotundati apice vix integri nec emarginati. Stamina floris
brevistyli ad faucem inserta antheris ex tubo prolatis, floris
brevistyli ad basin tubi corollini, filamentis brevissimis. Ova-
rium globosum ; stylus longus exsertus, brevis calyce brevior ;
stigma discoideum. Capsula globosa calyce paullo aucto
densissime luteo-farinoso inclusa.

Species Sectionis Muscarioidis optime distincta. Ex affini-
tate P. pinnatifidae, Franch., foliis pilis dense vestitis, bracteis.
vaginantibus, lobis corollinis vix integris haud rotundatis
differt.

Yunnan. High plateau of Je-mo-tchouan. Alt. 9600 ft.
Flowers blue violet. July. E.E. Maire. In Herb. Edin.

Perhaps the nearest affinity of P. cephalantha, Balf. fil. is
with P. pinnatifida, Franch. Broadly, the form of leaf is the
same, but P. cephalantha, Balf. fil. is a much more hairy form
and never has the bright green foliage that characterises P.
pinnatifida, Franch. The inflorescence and flower of the two
plants differ. In P. cephalantha, Balf. fil. the head is more
spicate, the outer bracts have a broad sheathing base, the
posterior calyx lobe is not denticulate and the others are rarely
acute, the corolla lobes are not imbricate and have not the broad
rotundate quite entire shape of those of P. pinnatifida, Franch.
Lastly, as the fruit is formed the yellow meal that is developed
forms a dense coating on the bracts and calyx—a feature not

\505

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. II

seen in P. pinnatifida, Franch. To P. Giraldiana, Pax there
is a superficial resemblance, but that plant has bright green
leaves with few hairs and without the lobation seen in P. cepha-
lantha, Balf. fil. and then the corolla lobes are differently
shaped. P. cernua, Franch. which is also distinctly recalled
has spathulate leaves.

Primula chionantha, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Robusta farinosa epilosa radicibus crassis foliorum rosula
sub anthesi evoluta alabastri squamis plurimis ad 8 cm. longis
rubris nitidis chartaceis cincta. Folia magna ad 25 cm. longa
ad 5 cm. lata lanceolata vel oblanceolata vel oblongo-obovata
vel oblongo-elliptica crassa acuta vel obtusa integra deorsum in
petiolum alatum costa media prominula sensim attenuata supra
nuda subtus plus minusve luteo-farinosa. Scapus robustus
ad 4o cm. altus plus minusve luteo-farinosus umbellam
plurifloram et®* verticillos inferos 2-3 gerens; bracteae a
basi 3 mm. lata angustatae obtusae ad 1.5 cm. longae inferne
extus purpurascentes superne nigro-virides et sparsim luteo-
farinosae intus dense luteo-farinosae ; pedicelli crassi luteo-
farinosi reflexi sub anthesi bracteas vix superantes sub fructu
purpurascentes et multo elongati; anthopodium magnum
latum. Calyx ad 9 mm. longus vel minor globoso-campanu-
latus extus nigro-viridis vel purpurascens luteo-farinosus prae-
sertim ad sinus-segmentorum lobis ligulatis apice angustatis
obtusis vel subtruncatis intus dense luteo-farinosis. Corollae
tenuis membranaceae niveae tubus ad 1.2 cm. longus in flore
brevistylo cylindricus supra stamina ampliatus in flore longi-
stylo infundibuliformis extus intusque glaber nitidus annulo
albo lobato instructus, limbi discus ad 2 mm. latus, lobi elliptici
vel ovati vel rotundati integri ciliati ad 8 mm. longi. Stamina
filamentis conspicuis antheris 2.5 mm. longis in flore longistylo
infra medium tubi corollini inserta calyce inclusa, in flore
brevistylo fere exserta. Ovarium hemisphaeroideum in dimidio
superiori lobulatim incrassatum; stylus longus calyce duplo
longior fere corolla exsertus, brevis calyce triente brevior ; stigma
globosum. Capsula pallida cylindrica calycem triente superans
ab apice valvis 5 breviter dehiscens; placenta columnaris
stipitata. Semina complanata testa plus minusve spongiosa.

Planta magnifica sectionis Nivalis ab microformis omnibus
orientalibus P. nivalis, Pallas floribus albis verticillatim
dispositis distinguenda.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27°
55’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Plant of 14-30 inches. Flowers
pure snow-white, fragrant. On open alpine meadows. G.
Forrest, No. 10,686. July 1913. In Herb. Edin. .

\5%

12 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

This is indeed a noble plant, best described as a large white-
flowered P. nivalis, Pallas in which several whorls of flowers
are developed in addition to the terminal umbel.

Primula citrina, Balf. fil. et Purdom.

Albo-farinosa foliis paucis petiolatis sub anthesi cataphyllis
pallide brunneis membranaceis alabastri cinctis. Folia laete
viridia ad 7 cm. longa; lamina late ovata vel elliptica vel
orbicularis ad 3 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata apice obtusa vel
rotundata margine inaequaliter serrato-dentata basi abrupte
in petiolum cuneatim contracta supra sparsim puberula subtus
dense albo-farinosa; petiolus lamina duplo-longior anguste
membranaceo -alatus basi vaginans. Scapus ad 5 cm. altus
foliis brevior subtiliter puberulus umbellam 3~5-floram gerens ;
bracteae lanceolato-acuminatae ad 7 mm. longae uninerviae
subtiliter puberulae basi subauriculatae leviter carinatae et
incrassatae ; pedicelli bracteis longiores ad 1.5 cm. longi tenues
erecti stricti vix puberuli; anthopodium conspicuum. Calyx
ad 6 cm. longus anguste campanulatus tubo 5-nervio puberulo
ultra medium fissus lobis adpressis lineari-lanceolatis acutis
membranaceis ciliolatis. Corollae citrinae tubus ad I.4 cm.
longus calyce longior exannulatus intus leviter rugosus, lobi
obcordati 7 mm. longi profunde emarginati. Floris longistyli
stamina ad medium tubi corollini inserta. Ovarium globosum ;
stylus longus filiformis tubum corollinum aequans ; stigma
parvum rubrum.

Species P. flavae, Maxim. affinis sed petiolo angusto, scapo
foliis breviore, bracteis pedicellis multo brevioribus, calyce cam-
panulato segmentis acutis diversa.

Western Kansu. Lien WhaShan. 12,000 ft. Coll. Purdom.
No. 739. In Herb. Kew. ;

This is a bright species which I have described from Purdom’s
dried specimens in Kew Herbarium. Messrs. Veitch have been
so good as to present to the Royal Botanic Garden a living
plant of a Primula raised from Purdom seeds said to be of this
plant, but in its growth so far—it is not a plant of easy cultiva-
tion—it does not show the characters of Purdom’s dried speci-
mens, but rather impresses me as being the plant described by
Maximowicz as P. flava, Maxim.* I have seen no example of
Maximowicz’s plant, and Purdom’s dried specimens differ
conspicuously from the description of P. flava, Maxim. in the
petioles, which are long and narrow (not broad)
shorter than the foliage (not ‘‘ much longer ’’)
puberulous calyx not tubular and mealy,
slightly) shorter than the pedicels. It must be remembered
however, that P. citrina, Balf. fil. et Purdom is described from

* Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. XXVii (1881), 497.

, in the scape
, inthe campanulate
in the bracts much (not

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 13

a limited number of specimens from one collecting, and that
P. flava, Maxim. also is described from one collecting by Prze-
walski on the Upper Hoangho in Kansu. Further knowledge
may modify the view I have expressed.

A remarkable feature seen on Purdom’s specimens is a coarse
warting over the surface of the lamina. Mr. M. Y. Orr, Assistant
in the Laboratory of the Royal Botanic Garden, has been so
good as to examine these warts for me, and reports :—

‘‘ (a) The pustules are groups of enlarged and malformed

cells of the upper epidermis of the leaf.

“« (b) Each cell of a group is full of bacteria—a bacillus sp.—
the original living contents of these cells having
disappeared.

‘These pustules appear to be ‘ bacterial galls,’
but the condition of the specimen makes it almost
impossible to say whether the bacillus is the cause of
the malformation, or whether it is merely following
in the wake of some other causative disease.”

\ Wyn Primula compsantha, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Epilosa rhizomate brevi foliorum praeteritorum vestigiis
vestito. Folia membranacea sub anthesi parva ad 5 cm. longa
ad 1cm. lata oblongo-spathulata obtusa crenato-dentata deor-
sum integra et in petiolum alatum alis membranaceis senism
attenuata supra viridia subtus luteo-farinosa venis primariis e
costa media prominula regulariter pinnatim orientibus. Scapus
ad g cm. longus tenuis ad apicem sparse farinosus umbellam
parvam 2-4-floram gerens ; bracteae paucae ad 6 mm. longae
curvatim adscendentes sparsim farinosae a basi vaginata auri-
culata acuminatae sine hydathodo conspicuo terminali margine
minutissime ciliatae ; pedicelli erecti bracteis plerumque long-
iores saepe aequilongi vel eis breviores sparsim farinosi ; antho-
podium parvum. Calyx poculiformis in flore brevistylo 6 mm. in
flore longistylo 8 mm. longus costis viridibus intervallis sub-
membranaceis luteo-farinosis vittatus ultra medium fissus
lobis ligulatis obtusis. Corollae tubus subinfundibuliformis
floris brevistyli 1.2 cm. longistyli I cm. longus membran-
aceus pallide flavus intus sparsim ad orem dense puberulus
exannulatus supra stamina paullo ampliatus infra stamina
vix rugosus, limbi patuli discus 2 mm. latus, lobi rosei (Forrest)
8 mm. longi oblongi emarginati. Stamina fere sessilia floris
brevistyli supra medium tubi corollini inserta antherarum
apicibus circ. 2 mm. ab ore remotis, floris longistyli basin versus
inserta antheris calyce multo brevioribus. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus longus tubum corollae aequans, brevis calyce brevior ;
stigma discoideum depressum sublobulatum.

4

14 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Ex affinitate P. minoris, Balf. fil., calyce viridi, corolla
exannulata facile distinguenda.

Yunnan. Open stony pasture. Mountains in the N.E. of
the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of
3-5 inches. Flowers rose with greenish-yellow eye. Fragrant.
G. Forrest. No. 10,567. July 1913. In Herb. Edin.

A small Chinese species of which we do not know the fruit,
and its position is therefore not yet certain. It recalls in many
ways P. minor, Balf. fil. et Ward but the absence of the con-
spicuous annulus of that species is a strong diagnostic mark.
Instead of an annulus the throat has a fairly dense assemblage
of minute hairs at the eye which according to Mr. Forrest is
greenish yellow. It is altogether a more delicate species than
P. minor, Balf. fil. et Ward and has a flower that is large for
the size of the plant, the corolla, Mr. Forrest says, being rose-
coloured.

Primula conspersa, Balf. fil. et Purdom.

Herba foliis petiolatis rosulatis epilosis subtus farina alba
een Folia ad 5 cm. longa; lamina ad 3-5 cm. longa ad
1.5 cm. lata oblongo-lanceolata coriacea paginis concoloribus
apice obtusa margine dentibus brevibus subapiculatis dispariliter
sectilis basi in petiolum subalatum ad 1.5 cm. longum sub-
cuneatim attenuata. Scapus pro planta elatus ad 2.5 dm. altus
plus minusve albo-farinosus umbellam multifloram nunc verti-

_cillo inferiori gerens; bracteae cum pedicellis albo-farinosae

circa 7 mm. longae 1.5 mm. latae pedicellis multo breviores a
basi lata subtus pulvinatim convexa vix gibbosa sursum at-
tenuatae acutae subcarinatae ; pedicelli ad 1.5 longi stricti; an-
thopodium turbinatum 0.5 mm. longum. Calyx extus intusque
plus minusve farinosus 5 mm. longus subfusiformis 5-angulatus
ultra medium fissus lobis sinu membranaceo elongato-tri-
angularibus acutis ad tubum corollae applicitis brevissime
ciliatis interdum purpurascentibus. Corollae pallide lilacinae
aurantiaco-oculatae tubus luteus cylindricus 8.5 mm. longus 1.5
mm. latus extus sparsim albo-farinosus intus lobato-annulatus
supra stamina aurantiaco-rugosus in flore brevistylo per trientem
superiorem ampliatus, in longistylo non ampliatus, limbi plani
discus 0.5 mm. diam., lobi subtus farina conspersi g mm. longi
bifidi crenulati. Stamina in flore longistylo ad medium tubi
corollini inserta filamentis circa 0.5 mm. longis vix basi dilatatis
antherarumapicibus ab annulo circ.2.8 mm.remotis, in brevistylo
annulum juxta inserta apicibus subexsertis. Ovarium ovoideum;
stylus longus exsertus, brevis ad 2 mm. longus calyce brevior :
stigma discoideum pallide flavo-viride. Capsula subcylindrica.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 15

Ex affinitate P. auriculatae, Lam., foliis sparsim farinosis
bracteis vix gibbosis calycis forma notata.
West Kansu. Chioni and Minchowe. ~ Damp soils. 8000-
gooo ft. Purdom. No. 687. In Herb. Kew.
This plant was discovered by Purdom when exploring for
Veitch & Son and was introduced to cultivation by them in
1913.

Primula coryphaea, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Minutissima radicibus flavidis efarinosa epilosa alabastris
foliaceis axillaribus plurimis instructa. Folia dense rosulata
petiolata ad 6.5 mm. longa spathulata; lamina ad 2.5 mm.
diam. elliptica vel suborbicularis basi cuneata inciso-lobata
lobis acutis revolutis utrinque viridis; petiolus anguste alatus
laminam aequans vel vix longior. Scapus validus puberulus
3 mm. longus foliis brevior uniflorus 2-bracteatus ; bracteae
alternae glabrae virides 5 mm. longae ligulatae acutae uni-
nerviae inferior a flore I mm. superior calycem juxta inserta.
Calyx 5.5 mm. longus tubulosus 5-costatus costis purpurascenti-
bus intervallis pallidis purpureo-punctatis ad medium fissus
lobis oblongis acutis obscure undulato-crenulatis penniventis
venis purpureis. Corollae cyaneo-violaceae tubus cylindricus
7 mm. longus calycem paullo superans extus glaber intus
paullo rugosus ad faucem pilis albis longis dense pulvinatim
aggregatis clausus, lobi obcuneati fere ad medium bilobulati.
Stamina in flore longistylo ad basin tubi corollini supra ovar-
ium inserta antheris parvis vix 1 mm. longis filamentis fere
nullis. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus longus fragilis corollae tubo
longior ; stigma pyriforme inter pilos faucis prolatum.

Sectionis Bellae species efarinosa P. imdobellae, Balf. fil. et W.
W. Sm., et P. Bonatianae, Petitm. similis sed bractearum dis-
positione formaque, flore cyaneo-violaceo notisque aliis distincta.

Burma. On open summit of granite mountains, occupying
patches of coarse sandy soil between the patches of dwarf
Rhododendron; forms tufts or carpets. Alt. 13,000 ft. Flowers
rich blue violet. Hairs of throat white. F. Kingdon Ward.
No. 1805. 16th July r9r4. In Herb. Edin.

A beautiful dwarf species of the efarinose series of the Section
Bella. Two other efarinose species belong to the series—
P. Bonatiana, Petitm. and P. indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.
From the former—a species only briefly described by Petitmengin
—it differs by its much smaller size, its bracts, the form of calyx
and its lobes, the form of the corolla lobes. From the latter by
its bracts and its corolla tube without hairs outside.

The discovery of this species furnishes a link connecting the

16 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

true P. bella, Franch. of China with the Bhutan form P.
indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

\y\ Primula fasciculata, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Pusilla epilosa rhizomate parvo vaginis siccis foliorum vetus-
torum obtecto foliis rosulatis longe petiolatis. Folia ad 2 cm.
longa; lamina oblonga vel elliptica vel subovata obtusa vel
apice rotundata margine integra cartilaginea ad 8 mm. longa
ad 4 mm. lata crassiuscula subtus plus minusve sparsim farinosa ;
petiolus lamina 2~-3-plo longior alatus longe vaginans. Flores
plurimi axillares solitarii; pedicelli ad 5 cm. longi tenues ;
anthopodium conspicuum. Calyx tubulosus ad 4 mm. longus 5-
costatus intervallis pallidioribus granulosus ad quadrantem fissus
lobis deltoideis hydathodo corneo terminatis. Corollae pallide
roseae flavo-oculatae tubus in flore brevistylo infra cylindricus
supra stamina sursum ampliatus ad 6 mm. longus extus pallidus
intus non rugosus annulo parvo ad orem instructus, lobi ex disco
angustissimo limbi horizontaliter patentes 5 mm. longi obovati
emarginati. Stamina in flore brevistylo ad orem tubi corollini
inserta antheris I.5 mm. longis semiexsertis filamentis brevi-
bus. Ovarium globosum ad trientem supremum incrassatum
5-valvatim lobatum; stylus brevis albidus calycis tubum
aequans validus ; stigma parvum anguste capitatum.

Planta aspectu P. tibeticae, Watt sed floribus majoribus
solitariis axillaribus differt.

Yunnan. Flowers deep rose-pink with orange eye. Cover-
ing bogs on the Chungtien plateau. 11,000-12,000 ft. May
1913. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 279. In Herb. Edin.

In dried specimens like the East Himalayan P. tibetica,
Watt especially the form of that species in which the scape
is very short and concealed within the leaves. Perhaps one
ought to look at P. fasciculata, Balf. fil. et Ward as the West
Chinese representative of the Himalayan P. tibetica, Watt. I
find no trace of a scape in any specimen, and the flowers are
always solitary in the axils of the leaves. The flowers in P.
fasciculata, Balf. fil. et Ward do not show the characteristic
reflexing of the petals of P. tibetica, Watt. The leaves of
P. tibetica, Watt are said to have no meal, but I find it
always—especially in young leaves.

i Ray Primula florida, Balf. fil. et Forrest.
Rhizoma parvum multiceps foliis petiolatis, Folia ad 8
cm. longa; lamina ad 3.5 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata in forma
et magnitudine varia oblonga elliptica ovata rotundata basi
subtruncata vel subcordata venis primariis flabellatis in petio-
lum cuneatim attenuata obtusa vel apice rotundata margine

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 17

dentato-lobulata dentibus vel Jobulis integris vel denticulatis
hydathodo corneo terminatis supra pube quasi pulveru-
lenta infra albo-farinosa vel pilis minutissimis capitatis
glandulosis obtecta. Scapus gracilis ad 20 cm. altus minute
puberulus superne albo-farinosus umbellam ad 9-floram gerens ;
bracteae ad 8 mm. longae 2 mm. latae pedicellis aequilongae
vel eis longiores a basi lata ligulato-lanceolatae acutae crassius-
culae albo-farinosae circum pedicellos cucullatae et plus minusve
basi adhaerentes carinatae ; pedicelli farinosi validi; antho-
podium conspicuum. Calyx circa 6 mm. longus extus in-
tusque albo-farinosus (regione interiore tubi circa ovarium
excepto) 5-costatus ad medium fissus lobis a basi lanceolatis
acutis. Corollae cyaneo-purpureae tubus cylindricus sursum
ampliatus ad 12 mm. longus exannulatus glaber membranaceus
intus infra stamina transverse rugosus, limbi discus concavus
5 mm. longus, lobi ad 7 mm. longi obovati vel subobcuneati
imbricati emarginati subcrenulati. Stamina filamentis con-
spicuis in flore longistylo circ. 2 mm. a basi tubi corollini inserta
antheris calyce inclusis in flore brevistylo e fauce paullo exserta.
Ovarium ovoideum; stylus brevis 2 mm. longus segmentis
calycis dimidio brevior, longus tubum corollae fere aequans
tenuis; stigma discoideum depressum revolutum. Capsula
cylindrica melichlora ad 5 mm. longa calyce inclusa tubo longior
segmentis brevior superne incrassata valvis 5 ab apice dehiscens ;
placenta stipitata columnaris. Semina minuta oblonga 0.5
mm. longa ; testa cellulis aeriferis subbullata.

Ex affinitate P. Souliei, Franch. sed farinosa omnino major et
foliis lobulatis, scapo longiore, pedicellis brevioribus distinguenda.

Yunnan. Mountains in the EE. of the. Yangtze
bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Open situations in stony pastures at
the base of limestone cliffs. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 6-14
inches. Flowers blue, fragrant. G. Forrest. No. 10,484. July
1913. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Plant of 918 inches.
Flowers purplish blue, tinged rose. Differing from 10,484 in
being occasionally farinose, in stature, colour of blooms, etc.
G. Forrest. No. 10,486. July 1913. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Alt.
12,000 ft. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Stony alpine pasture. Plant of
6-12 inches. Flowers deep purplish blue, tube suffused rose.
G. Forrest. No. 10,774. Aug. 1913. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. G. Forrest. No. 11,198. Sept. 1913. In fruit.
In Herb. Edin. :

A beautiful species which seems to find its nearest relation-
ship in P. Souliei, Franch. and P. Legendret, Bonati. A
larger plant than either of these species, its possession of

B

18 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

white meal is a ready mark of separation. The meal is not
always present on the leaves, but invariably is upon the bracts,
pedicels, and calyx. In fruit the calyx is densely farinose, both
outside and in, excepting on the inside of the cup. I have not
seen the fruit of P. Souliei, Franch., which is described by
Franchet as ovate, by Pax as ovoid. In P. florida, Balf. fil. et
Forrest, it is cylindric but short, exceeding by but little the calyx
tube, and shorter than the lobes. The seeds are extremely
small.

VU Primula fragilis, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Pusilla stolonifera luteo-farinosa epilosa rhizomate tenui
foliis desiccatis vetustis obtecto radicibus filiformibus. Folia
membranacea ad 1.4 cm. longa 6 mm. lata spathulata obtusa
superne dentata deorsum integra cuneatim in petiolum laminam
aequantem anguste alatum evaginantem attenuata utrinque
luteo-farinosa. Scapus filiformis ad 2.5 cm. altus plus minusve
luteo-farinosus uniflorus ; bracteae duae herbaceae luteo-fari-
nosae subulatae alternae inaequales superior major 2 mm.
longa pedicellum aequans; pedicellus erectus luteo-fari-
nosus bracteae superiori aequilongus. Calyx luteo-farinosus
minutus aperte campanulatus 2.5 mm. longus ad vel ultra
medium fissus lobis elongato-triangularibus acutis. Corollae
violaceae tenuis tubus 6 mm. longus cylindricus supra stamina
in flore longistylo expansus erugosus exannulatus, limbi discus
I mm. latus, lobi 3 mm. longi obcuneati divaricatim bifidi.
Stamina filamentis brevissimis antheris 1.5 mm. longis in flore
brevistylo fere exserta, in longistylo calyci aequilonga. Ovar-
ium sphaeroideum ; stylus brevis calyce brevior, longus tubum
corollae aequans ; stigma capitatum.

Species sectionis Yunnanensis forma pusilla distincta.

Upper Burma near Feng-shin-ling pass. Alt. gooo—10,000
ft. On limestone cliffs where it forms moss-like patches in
half-shade. Flowers pale purple. F. Kingdon Ward. No.
1644. 7th June 1914. In Herb. Edin.

A minute stoloniferous plant which by its characters fully
confirms the description given by Ward of its habitat. It
has the assemblage of persistent dried brown leaves coating
the thin stolonoid rhizomes which are so conspicuous in plants
like P. membranifolia, Franch. and P. yunnanensis, Franch.

Primula Gageana, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Paludicola efarinosa epilosa (corolla excepta). Folia bre-
viter petiolata ad 7 cm. longa 2 cm. lata; lamina oblonga
vel anguste elliptica vel subobovata obtusa margine carti-
laginea remote leviter denticulata utrinque concolor subtus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 19

glanduloso-foveolata deorsum in petiolum brevem late alatum
attenuata. Scapus ad 10 cm. altus flores 1-8 umbellatim

erens ; bracteae lineari-subulatae inaequales ad 6 mm. longae
pedicellis breviores; pedicelli inaequales ad 1.5 cm. longi
erecti; anthopodium conspicuum parvum. Flos ab apice pedi-.
celli deflexus. Calyx campanulatus ad 5 mm. longus sub-
membranaceus rubro-punctatus ad trientem fissus_ lobis
late triangularibus vel subovatis minutissime fimbriatis nervo
singulo nigro-rubro percursis hydathodo conspicuo nigre-
scente terminatis. Corollae purpureae subcrassiusculae tubus
brevis in flore brevistylo cylindricus circa 5 mm. longus intus
rugosus exannulatus (?) in flore longistylo infra stamina cylin-
dricus sursum ampliatus laevis et annulo obscuro praeditus
in ambobus extus parte calyce inclusa glabra excepta velutino-
puberulus, limbi concavi campanulati discus extus intusque
velutino-puberulus, lobi ad 4 mm. longi subrectangulares vel
subcuneati apice subtruncati vel subconvexi erosi vel denti-
culati vel crenulati venulis undulatis vix anastomosantibus
percursi. Staminum filamenta conspicua in flore brevistylo
2 mm. longa antheraeque I mm. longae ad apicem tubi
corollini inserta apicibus exsertis, in flore longistylo fila-
menta I mm. longa antheraeque I.5 mm. longae a basi tubi
corollini circ. 2.5 mm. inserta apicibus circ. 2 mm. ab annulo
remotis. Ovarium globosum; stylus longus exsertus calyce
duplo longior, brevis validus calycem vix aequans ; stigma
‘ discoideum.

Species pulchra ex affinitate P. Kingiz, Watt sed minor et
foliis oblongis obtusis, calyce submembranaceo lobis uninerviis,
corollae loborum venatione distincta.

Sikkim. Joloong. Alt. 13,000 ft. Very high, near snow.
July 1886. Purple. King’s Collector. In Herb. Cal

We know this plant in one set of specimens pa in the
Calcutta Herbarium. The collector describes the flowers as
‘“purple,’’ but their aspect in the dried specimens suggests
more red than purple and a tint approaching somewhat that
of the flowers of its ally P. Kingit, Watt. From P. Kingti,
Watt it is readily distinguished by its foliage. The leaves
in addition to their oblong obtuse outline never show the
pale tint when dry to which Sir Joseph Hooker calls attention
in P. Kingiit, Watt, and then the calyx is very different. The
ribbing due to the prominent dark veins in the calyx of P.
Kingii, Watt is absent, and instead there is a single dark vein
running out into each calyx segment. The corolla shows, but
in less degree, the velvety puberulousness so characteristic of
P. Kingii, Watt but the venation is curiously diverse in the
two plants. The veins in the corolla lobes of P. Kingii, Watt

20 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

are straight and anastomose in characteristic fashion. Here

n P. Gageana the veins are all undulate and run out through
the lobes with hardly an anastomosis. The species is one well
worthy of being searched for. It should be a pretty species
for cultivation. The roots indicate that the plant grows in a
habitat where there is an abundance of soil moisture.

Primula glandulifera, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Pusilla caespitosa corolla excepta glanduloso-puberula. Folia
petiolata ad 2 cm. longa; lamina ad 7 mm. lata petiolo brevior
elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel subobcuneata apice rotundata
circumcirca obtuse serrato-dentata deorsum in petiolum alatum
gradatim attenuata. Scapus validus ad 5 mm. longus flores
2-4 sessiles pro planta magnos gerens; bracteae ligulatae
sursum attenuatae 4-5 mm. longae obtusae vel obtusiusculae
ad basin latam paullo inflatae vix gibbosae ; pedicellus nullus.
Calyx 5-6 mm. longus poculiformis rufo-punctatus fere ad
basin fissus segmentis lanceolatis obtusis ciliatis. Corollae
tubus 1 cm. longus exannulatus intus rugosus fauce et limbi
basi granulosus, lobi 5 mm. longi 4 mm. lati obovati profunde
emarginati membranacei. Stamina in flore brevistylo supra
medium tubi corollini inserta. Stylus brevis 1 mm. longus
calyce multo brevior ; stigma globosum.

Ex affinitate specierum Sectionis Minutissimae foliis glanduli-
feris, scapo breve, bracteis subcalycinis, floribus sessilibus,
distincta.

Kumaon. Above Napatcha in Kuth Valley. Alt. 13,000 ft.
Duthie. No. 3137. 13th Sept. 1884. In Herb. Calc.

Kumaon. Above Dudhpani. About 13,000 ft. J. E. Reid.
27th July 1886. In Herb. Edin.

This species is known in a few specimens in the Edinburgh
Herbarium of a Primula collected, 27th July 1886, by Mr. J. E.
Reid, C.1.E., above Dudhpani, at’ an altitude of 13,000 ft.,
and marked by him as probably a new species. Sir George
Watt writes on the sheet bearing Mr. Reid’s specimen: “ This
is the plant collected by Duthie above Napatcha, 13,000 ft., in
Kumaon 13.9.84, and named P. near P. elliptica, Royle. It isa
perfectly good and new species belonging to the Section Denti-
culata, and is near P. Heydei, Watt. Until carefully —
it might be mistaken for P. Stivtoniana, Watt, and P.
tissima, Jacquem. var. spathulata, Hook. f. [P. spathulifolia,
Craib]. It is also near P. tenelia, King, a much misunderstood
species from the position of the bract being disregarded.”

Duthie’s specimen in Calcutta Herbarium, the only other
known, confirms Sir George Watt’s identification, and also both
his and Mr. Reid’s comment that the plant is a new species.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 21

The species is very distinct in the series of dwarf tufted
Primulas with exannulate corollas. The glandular covering is that
of P. Walshii, Craib, but the form of leaf of that species and its
involucrally disposed bracts, as well as the flower characters, at
once distinguish it. P. spathulifolia, Craib and P. melichlora, Balt.
fil. et W. W. Sm. have leaves of form like those of our species,
but neither of them is glandular and their inflorescence is not
capitular. P. Stirtoniana, Watt is also very different both
in form of foliage and in inflorescence. P. minutissima, Jacquem.
is altogether a smaller plant with involucral bracts, smaller
flowers, and different flower details, and it is not glandular.
P. Heydei, Watt is at once diagnosed by its long scape, and
there are many other differences.

Primula Harrissii, Watt ex scheda in Herb. Edin.

Epilosa foliis floribusque coaetaneis sed sub anthesi nondum
desquamatis. Folia crassa ad 5 cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata spathu-
lata obtusa margine subcartilaginea plus minusve acute dentata
utrinque glanduloso-foveolata deorsum in petiolum alatum
vaginantem lamina breviorem attenuata. Scapus ad 6 cm.
longus robustus glaber umbellam circ. 6-floram gerens ; bracteae
latae ad 4 mm. longae subvaginantes acuminatae carinatae et
basi subtus in saccum brevem rotundatum 0.5 mm. diam.
expansae ; pedicelli rigidi erecti ad 7 mm. longi in anthopodium
longum sursum gradatim expansi. Calyx ad 5 mm. longus
campanulatus obscure 5-costatus glaber ad medium fissus lobis
longe lanceolatis obtusis. Corollae tubus 8 mm. longus cylin-
dricus in flore brevistylo supra stamina ampliatus intus
fauce farinosus supra stamina plus minusve transverse rugosus
rugis supremis ad orem annulatim projectis, limbi discus farino-
sus I mm. latus, lobi obcordati vel obovati 5-mm. longi integri
profunde emarginati. Stamina filamentis brevibus antherisque
1.5 mm. longis, in flore longistylo a basi tubi corollini 2 mm.
ovarium juxta inserta calyce inclusa, in flore brevistylo ad
medium tubi corollini ultra calycem inserta antherarum apici-
bus ab ore 2 mm. remotis. Ovarium oblongum in triente
a stylopodio valvatim incrassatum ; stylus longus ultra

medium tubi corollini elongatus, brevis tubum calycis aequans ;
pera magnum ovoideum.

P. roseae, Royle peraffinis sed minor et foliis floribusque
coaetaneis distincta.

Chitral. Guger. 8500-11,000 ft. Coll. Harriss. No. 16,333-
1gth May 1895. In Herb. Calc., Edin. et Kew.

Afghanistan. Griffith. No. 3512. In Herb. Calc. et Kew.

Afghanistan. Griffith. No. 1058, Journal. In Herb. Kew.

Sir George Watt recognised this plant as a species distinct

22 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

from P. rosea, Royle and names it P. Harrissii, Watt in his
herbarium now at Edinburgh. In his account of Indian Primulas
to the Royal Horticultural Society * he refers to it by name
as an undescribed species, and nowhere has it been described.
I have therefore described it above and add that it is one of
the microforms of the aggregate P. rosea, Royle, distinguished
from the type plant by its less stature and the smaller mould
of allits parts. Also it is apparently not precocious, as P. rosea,
Royle is.

P. rosea, Royle exhibits several distinct microforms in its
wide distribution over the N.W. Himalaya. It was first de-
scribed and figured by Royle + in 1839 in specimens collected
at Kedarkante. Five years later Duby f included the species
in his monograph and described under the name P. elegans, Duby,
a plant—No. 508 of Jacquemont’s in the Paris Herbarium—
which he recognised as being near P. rosea, Royle—‘* An revera
distincta?”’ Sir Joseph Hooker § cites P. elegans, Duby, as a
variety of P. rosea, Royle distinguishing it by its “corolla
smaller, tube longer, lobes narrower.’’ Pax || merges P. elegans,
Duby in P. rosea, Royle. A curious history attaches to these
two forms, P. rosea, Royle and P. elegans, Duby. In 1879 Sir
Joseph Hooker figured in the Botanical Magazine (1879), tab.
6437 under the name P. rosea, Royle a plant which had just
been introduced to cultivation raised from seeds collected by
Dr. Aitchison, ‘‘ which were widely distributed, and from which,
I believe, all the plants hitherto cultivated have been grown.
We received the first flowering specimen from Mr. Ware of
Tottenham ; a few days afterwards it flowered at Kew and in
many other collections. It is quite an alpine species. Thomson
gathered it at 10,000 ft., and Griffith found it in Afghanistan in
snow ravines at II,000 ft. Dr. Aitchison has sent dried speci-
mens of what is either a larger form or distinct species from a
much lower level, 500 ft. at Gulmarz in Kashmir, and these have
much larger obovate oblong and sharply toothed leaves with
rounded apices.’”’ In Kew Herbarium is a sheet of Aitchison’s
Gulmarz specimens—Aitchison, No. 7. On the sheet is the fol-
lowing note by Aitchison: ‘‘See Bot. Mag. tab. 6437. The
seeds for raising which were collected from the same locality
at Gulmarz.” This tells us that the plant figured in the Botanical
Magazine, tab. 6437, is really the larger form which Sir Joseph
Hooker suggested might be a distinct species and not the true
P. rosea, Royle.

* Watt, Observations on Indian Primulas in Journ. R.H.S. xxix (1904), 299.
t Royle, Ilustr. (1839), 311, t. 75, fig. 1 :

t Duby, in DC. Prod. viii (1844), 41.

5 Hook. f. in Fl. Brit. In. iii (1882), 488.

|| Pax, Primulaceae in Engler’s re eae (1905),

<o

a)

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 23

In addition to Aitchison’s specimens from Gulmarz there are
in Kew Herbarium specimens from the same locality and from
Sumbliali collected on 16th July 1892 by Duthie. An examina-
tion of them as well as of Aitchison’s specimens and comparison
with a somewhat fragmentary example of Jacquemont’s type
in Kew Herbarium received from Paris leads me to the conclusion
that the Gulmarz and Sumbliali plants are P. elegans, Duby
which is distinct from P. rosea, Royle, and the Botanical Maga-
zine figure is therefore a representative of P. elegans, Duby.
The plants in cultivation which all came from Aitchison’s seed
would therefore be P. elegans, Duby. Seeds under the name
P. rosea, Royle have doubtless come to this country frequently
since 1879, and the true P. rosea, Royle has been and is probably
in cultivation alongside of P. elegans, Duby. It is likely
enough that hybrids between them have been raised. This
may in part account for the differences that appear in cultivated

’P. rosea, Royle. I have not given special attention to the

cultivated form—and the standpoint is new ; but it is of common
observation that some plants are precocious, others coetaneous,
some have smaller narrower leaves, others larger broader ones,
and then there are the named forms grandiflora, splendens, and
probably others. I recollect that the late Mr. Selfe Leonard at
one time had several more or less marked forms in his collection
at the Guildford Nurseries. All this points to the need for more
study of P. rosea, Royle in our gardens.

P. rhodantha, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. collected by Aitchison in
the Kurrum Valley under No. 462, and by Harsukh under No.
14,931, is another dwarf form of the P. rosea, Royle aggregate
with petiolate leaves and a short scape included in the foliage.
See p. 39.

P. rosiflora, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. found by Harriss (Nos.
16,334, 16,335), and also by Gilg in Chitral, is a more dwarf

microform in which there is almost no scape, the pedicels are

long, and the corolla tube shows a prominently lobed annulus.
See p. 41.

P. radicata, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.* gathered by Younghus-
band in Chitral during 1894, is another dwarf alpine of this
series in which the solitary flowers are also embedded in the
leaves which are very thick and coriaceous.

Primula helvenacea, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Luteo-farinosa epilosa foliis longe petiolatis. Folia ad 10
cm. longa; lamina elliptica vel obovato-oblonga ad 2.5 cm.
longa 1.5 cm. lata apice obtusa vel rotundata margine lobulato-
dentata dentibus subobtusis supra opaca sparsim farinosa subtus

* This species will be described in a later page in these ‘‘ Notes.”

[We

24 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

dense luteo-farinosa deorsum in petiolum longum ad 8 cm.
longum gradatim attenuata ; petiolus anguste alatus in vaginam
longam purpuream expansus. Scapus ad 20 cm. altus robustus
plus minusve luteo-farinosus umbellam ad 8-floram gerens ;
bracteae ad 1.2 cm. longae lineari-subulatae erectae minute
ciliatae extus virides sparse farinosae intus dense luteo-farinosae
basi subtus paullo incrassatae ; pedicelli inaequales longiores
ad 3 cm. breviores 1 cm. longi validi dense luteo-farinosi ; antho-
podium parvum. Calyx crassiusculus ad 8 mm. longus tubo
brevissimo 1 cm. longo extus nigro-viridi sinubus intersepalinis
luteo-farinosis intus glabro lobis ligulatis acutis adpressis intus
dense luteo-farinosis. Corollae purpureae tenuissimae membran-
aceae in flore longistylo tubus cylindricus 1.2 cm. longus extus
intusque glaber efarinosus erugosus annulo magno lobato in-
structus, limbi discus minutus, lobi magni patentes I cm. longi
obovati retusi crenulati. Stamina filamentis brevibus et antheris
latis 2 mm. longis basin tubi corollini versus inserta antherarum "
apicibus vix ad medium calycis attingentibus. Ovarium hemi-
sphaeroideum superne incrassatum ; stylus longus validus tubo
corollino triente brevior ; stigma breviter ovoideum.

Species P. callianthae, Franch. affinis sed foliis longe
petiolatis, bracteis longioribus differt.

N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide near A-tun-tsu.
Precipices, 15,000 ft. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 827. 2oth July
1913. In Herb. Edin.

This striking new species has, without doubt, affinity with
P. calliantha, Franch. but its long stalked leaves with small
lamina distinguish it at a glance.

Primula indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Perpusilla dense caespitosa radicibus basi erubescentibus
efarinosa stolonifera stolonibus brevibus. Folia glabra crassius-
cula petiolata rosulata ad 8 mm. longa subspathulata: lamina
regulariter crenato-lobata lobis recurvatis hydathodo terminatis :
petiolus lamina longior ligulatus alis membranaceis integris.
Scapus glaber ad rx cm. longus folia subaequans vel eis longior
uniflorus; bractea singula minuta membranacea_ subulata.
subcalycina et calyci adpressa; pedicellus nullus. Calyx
poculiformis ad 4 mm. longus corollae tubo brevior viridis
glaber ad medium fissus lobis latis oblongis obtusis nunc sub-
truncatis denticulatis. Corollae crassiusculae in flore brevistylo
tubus 6 mm. longus infundibuliformis extus pubescens intus fauce
dense albo-barbatus caeteroquin glaber, limbi discus concavus,
lobiad 5 mm. longi obcuneati profunde bifidi segmentis divaricatis.
Stamina ad faucem inserta, antheris 1.5 mm. longis. Ovarium
globosum ; stylus vix calycis tubum aequans ; stigma capitatum.

(y30

BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 25

Species efarinosa Sectionis Bellae bractea singula subulata,
corollae tubo extus pubescente, floribus cyaneis facile dis-
tinguenda.

Bhutan. Dang-dong. J. C. White. roth July 1906. In
Herb. Cale.

An interesting Western extension of the type of P. bella,
Franch. which hitherto is known only from Yunnan.

Primula leimonophila, Balf. fil.

Glabra efarinosa rhizomate brevi. Folia subcoriacea ad
6.5 cm. longa; lamina 1.4 cm. lata lanceolata acuminata a
medio deorsum in petiolum dimidio breviorem membranaceo-
alatum gradatim attenuata margine linea alba cartilaginea et
in dimidio superiore dentibus firmis remotis recurvis notata.
Scapus ad 2 dm. altus umbellam 4-6-floram unilateraliter
subnutantem gerens sub umbella atropurpureus ibique plus
minusve rugosus et glanduloso-puberulus ; bracteae uninerviae
atropurpureae exteriores ad 8 mm. interiores saepe 4 mm
longae basi, expansae auriculatae et dorsaliter tumidae vel

-subinflatae neque calcaratae sursum anguste acuminatae ;

pedicelli distincti atropurpurei subscabridi vel asperuli bracteis
exterioribus vix breviores interioribus duplo longiores ; antho-
podium ad 1.5 mm. longum. Calyx 5 mm. longus cylindricus
corollae tubum aequans 5-costatus intervallis pergamentaceis
atropurpureus punctatus scabriusculus ad medium fissus lobis
a basi lanceolatis acutis uninerviis §mucronulatis. Corollae
cyaneae tubus ad 5 mm. longus in flore brevistylo crassiusculus
intus rugosus in flore longistylo tenuis intus puberulus haud
rugosus annulo 5-lobato lobis magnis inflatis infra orem instructus,
in ambobus limbi concavi discus ampliatus circa 5 mm. latus
plus minusve minute puberulus, lobi circa 5 mm. longi oblongi
lateribus parallelis fere ligulati subtruncati late emarginati.
Stamina antheris ad 1.5 mm. longis in flore brevistylo filamentis
conspicuis fere 1 mm. longis deorsum expansis ad orem tubi
corollini sine lobulis distinctis interstaminalibus inserta anther-
isque in cupulam disci corollini longe projectis, in flore longi-
stylo filamentis brevibus vix 5 mm. longis deorsum expansis et
lobis purpureis intersepalinis annulatim conjunctis prope basin
tubi corollini inserta antherisque calyce brevioribus. Ovarium

globosum parvum ; stylus brevis calycis tubum aequans, longus

circa 6 mm. longus limbi disco aequilongus ; stigma globosum.
Species ad P. argutidentem, Franch. et P. amethystinam,
Franch. spectans sed _foliis lanceolatis acuminatis non ovatis
vel ovato-oblongis distinguenda.
Hunan. Pastures of Yo-Chow. Alt. gg00 ft. June. ELE.

Maire. Flowers Prussian blue. In Herb. Edin.

*

26 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

This beautiful species belongs to a series of which materials
for a complete analysis are still wanting, especially living plants.
No one of the series is definitely in cultivation though some
may Soon be so. Its immediate Chinese allies are P. argutidens,
Franch., P. amethystina, Franch., P. brevifolia, Forrest, and P.
silaensis, Franch. P. petrophyes, Balf. fil, may be an alpine
microform of it. Then there are the Indian P. Kingiz, Watt
and P. Gageana, Balf. fil. All these are purple-blue or claret
flowered species. P. Faberi, Oliv. is the only yellow-flowered
species of the series as yet known, and it is Chinese.

P. amethystina, Pax * is a chimera and includes P. argutidens,
Franch. and P. amethystina, Franch. The two species are
distinct as Petitmengin ¢ has shown.

A conspicuous feature in all the forms of the series is the
cartilaginous margin of the glabrous somewhat glaucous leaf
with sharp recurved teeth in the upper half. The umbel of
more or less stalked flowers is secund. The nodding flowers
and ampliate corolla limb recall the Soldanelloid Section, but in
the foundation form of that section, and in the forms which
without. question are co-phyletic, the leaves are pinnatisectly
dentate, have no horny margin, and are more or less pubescent.

\\y0\ Primula lhasaensis, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

%

Farinosa epilosa rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia rosulata
ad 7 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata oblongo-spathulata acuta margine
subcartilaginea inaequaliter denticulata dentibus hydathodo
terminatis crassa supra punctata subtus plus minusve farinosa
deorsum gradatim attenuata et integra petiolum brevem alatum
vaginantem formantia. Scapus .validus strictus ad 16 cm.
longus superne plus minusve farinosus umbellam 4—8-floram

erens; bracteae lineari-subulatae ad 1.2 cm. longae basi
subincrassatae pedicellis breviores ; pedicelli ad 2.5 cm. longi
sparsim farinosi stricti erecti tenues ; anthopodium conspicuum
disciforme. Calyx ad 1 cm. longus tubulosus 5-costatus inter-
vallis pergamentaceis ultra medium fissus lobis a basi lanceolato-
acuminatis hydathodo terminatis intus albo-farinosis. Corollae
forsan violaceae tubus in flore brevistylo 1.6 cm. longus infra
stamina anguste cylindricus supra stamina expansus extus
efarinosus intus tenuiter rugosus fauce puberulus annuloque
parvo instructus, limbi discus 1 mm. latus puberulus, lobi 5 mm.
longi vel longiores obcuneati profunde bifidi. Stamina fila-
mentis conspicuis antheris 2 mm. longis in flore brevistylo orem
tubi corollini versus inserta antherarum apicibus 0.75 mm. ab an-
nulo remotis in flore longistylo ad medium tubi corollini et supra

* Pax, Monogr. Primul. in Engler’s Pflanzenr. (1905), 118.
t Petitmengin in Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, sér. 3, viii (1907), 8.

BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 27

calyceminserta. Ovarium ovoideum in triente superno lobulatim
incrassatum; stylus longus tenuis corollini tubum aequans,
brevis calycem vix aequans ; stigma capitatum lobulatum.

Planta forsan P. Jaffreyanae, King microforma sed robustior
et foliis bracteisque longioribus, calyce tubuloso longiore, corollae
tubo longiore, annulo minore notata.

Tibet. Hills above Lhasa. Walton. August 1904. In
Herb. Calc.

This seems to be a Northern representative of the Chumbi
P. Jaffreyana, King.

The Lhasa plant at first sight seems very different from
P. Jaffreyana, King, having longer leaves, much more markedly
toothed and less distinctly petioled, stouter and larger scapes,
longer bracts and pedicels, and the flower with a larger and
tubular calyx with long acuminate segments, the corolla tube
is also longer, the annulus less distinctly marked, and the
insertion of the stamens not the same. At the same time
the Lhasa plant may be only a microform of P. Jaffreyana,
King. Both species have a similar leaf construction of a
distinct kind. The leaves are somewhat thick, and the upper
side has a glistening look in dried specimens, due to the
presence of many foveolae of a minute kind at base of each
of which is a glandular hair. In dried specimens there are
over the surface a number of brown tannin spots.

A series of specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium collected
also by Capt. Walton, about Khamba in July 1904, at alt.
16,000 ft., resemble P. /hasaensis, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. more
closely than P. Jaffreyana, King, yet in some ways seem to
be near the latter species. It may be a form connecting the
extremes of an aggregate as we know it.

I may note here that Sir George King * refers to P. Jaffrevana,
King as apprdching P. tibetica, Watt but differing in its ‘‘ much
larger more membranous leaves.” To my eye the plant is really
not in the alliance of P. tibetica, Watt which belongs to the
series including P. sibirica, Jacq., P. involucrata, Wall., P. Wardii,
Balf. fil., while P. Jaffreyana, King has none of the conspicuous
bract characters that distinguish them. Its place seems to me to
be rather along with such forms as P. florida, Balf. fil., P. hazarica,
Duthie, P. Legendrei, Bonati, P. Soultet, Franch. and other forms
which constitute a characteristic enough section more or less
farinose with leaves more or less stalked without cartilaginous
margins, bracts linear subulate pulvinately thickened below at
the base, ribbed calyces with parchment intervals, long corolla
tubes, and delicate annulus. But at the moment I am not
able to fix the limits of sections including such forms.

* King in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, lvii, 2 (1888), ii, 228, t. x.

28 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula meiantha, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Monocarpica annua foliis rosulatis petiolatis. Folia ad 3.5
cm. longa; lamina oblonga ad 2 cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata vel
multo minor obtusa sinuato-lobata lobis acutis utrinque pilis
longis articulatis hispida basi lateribus rotundatis vel subtrun-
catis in petiolum breviter cuneatim contractis ; petiolus laminam
aequans vel ea brevior vix alatus. Scapi plures ad 10 cm. alti
stricti tenues basi -hirsuti superne plus minusve albo-farinosi
umbellam plurifloram (ad 15-) unam nunc verticillo accessorio
inferiori gerentes; bracteae ad 4 mm. longae virides angustae
ligulatae acutae puberulae ; pedicelli ad 1.5 cm. longi filiformes
stricti inaequales puberuli. Calyx ad 2.5 mm. longus anguste
campanulatus membranaceus puberulus plus minusve albo-
farinosus vix ad medium fissus lobis inaequalibus lanceolatis vel
oblongis triangulari-deltoideis acutis vel obtusis integris vel
dentatis. Corollae violaceae tubus 4 mm. longus cylindricus
extus flavidus glaber intus fauce lineis strumosis annulatim
obscure instructus, lobi 2 mm. longi obcuneati apice eroso-
crenulati. Stamina filamentis brevissimis in flore longistylo
infra medium tubi corollini in flore brevistylo supra medium
antherarum apicibus I mm. ab ore inserta. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus longus non exsertus, brevis tubum calycis aequans ; stigma
capitatum lobulatum. Capsula globosa calyce inclusa ab apice
valvis 5 crustaceis dehiscens. Semina parva 0.5 mm. diam.
nigro-brunnea angulata rhomboidea obscure scrobiculata.

Microforma P. Forbesii, Franch. floribus minutis distincta.

Burma. Shan Hills. General Sir Henry Collett, K.C.B.,
No. x." 1889. ‘In Herb. Calc.

Shan States. Mones. Alt. 3500 ft. January 1888. Coll.
Manders. In Herb. Kew.

Shan Hills. Hepo. 3000 ft. 8th February 1888. Collett,
No. 1. In Herb. Kew.

Upper Burma. Maymyo. Nadal Khan. No. 335. Janu-
ary 1889. In Herb. Calc.

Upper Burma. Southern Shan State Saga. Abdul Khalil.
1894. Flowers pink. In Herb. Calc.

Upper Burma. Shan Hills. E. Candler. 1897. In Herb.
Calc. et Kew.

Upper Burma. Maymyo plateau. Alt. 3500 ft: Lace.
No. 3143. _I7th April 1908. In Herb. Edin., Calc. et

ew.

Upper Burma. Southern Shan States. Phillimore. No.
26. In Herb. Edin., Calc. et Kew.

This is the Burmese form of the Chinese Malacoides series.
Its small flowers are a distinguishing feature. The leaves vary
greatly in size from less than a centimeter upwards to the

{0

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 29

maximum. The calyx is noteworthy on account of the irregular
size of the lobes and their tendency to become toothed towards
the apex.

Primula melichlora, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Caespitosa luteo-farinosa rhizomate lignoso. Folia ad 3.5
cm. longa ad r cm. lata; lamina oblonga vel anguste elliptica
acuta margine argute et regulariter denticulata denticulis acutis
deorsum in petiolum late alatum attenuata subtus dense luteo-
farinosa supra sparsim farinosa subglauca venulosa. Flos
solitarius ; pedunculus 1 cm. longus farinosus bracteam singulam
infra medium gerens ; bractea ligulata membranacea uninervia
farinosa ad 1.3 cm. longa pedicello longior. Calyx 6-7 mm.
longus extus intusque farinosus ultra medium fissus lobis oblongis
apice rotundatis vel subtruncatis mucronulatis vel obscure
3-denticulatis rarissime plus minusve acutis. Corollae crassae
tubus 9 mm. longus extus glaber intus exannulatus fauce et
limbi basi granulosus, lobi 4-5 mm. longi emarginati. Stamina
floris longistyli basin tubi corollini versus brevistyli circa
medium inserta. Stylus longus corolla dimidio brevior, brevis
vix calycis tubo longior; stigma pyriforme. Capsula infra
membranacea supra crustacea calyce lobis adpressis inclusa, a
basi styli valvatim dehiscens. .

P. spathulifolia, Craib foliis ellipticis, pedunculo farinoso
longiore, bractea singula, calyce majore, corollae limbo minore
differt.

Sikkim. Tosa. Alt. 14,000-15,000 ft. W. W. Smith. No.
4071. 3rd August 1910. In Herb. Calc.

This plant is known only in a set of specimens collected
under No. 4071 by Mr. W. W. Smith in August Igro at Tosa in
Sikkim at an altitude of 14,000-15,000 ft. It is in the way of
P. spathulifolia, Craib but has characters which point to its
distinctness as a species, and its description as such may lead
to special search for more specimens of it through which a clearer
;dea of it will be obtainable than the material now available
affords. Mr. Smith’s plants collected late in the year show but
a few passed flowers and some bruised capsules.

The plant differs from P. spathulifolia, Craib in the following
points :—longer narrowly elliptic not spathulate leaves which
are more definitely and acutely cut, the longer farinose flower-
pedicel, single bract longer than the pedicel, larger calyx, smaller
corolla limb.

Primula minor, Balf. fil. et Ward.
Epilosa. Rhizoma tunicatum foliis praeteritis siccis contortis

‘obtectum. Folia petiolata floribus coetanea sed post anthesin

30 BALFOUR—NEwW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

accrescentia crassa ad 5 cm. longa ad 8 mm. lata oblongo-
spathulata obtusa margine recurva regulariter minute crenato-
dentata basi in petiolum vaginantem lamina longiorem anguste
alatum attenuata supra sparsim subtus dense luteo-farinosa
costa media prominula excepta. Scapus ad 6 cm. altus sub
fructu accrescens plus minusve farinosus apicem versus purpur-
ascens umbellam unam 8-floram gerens; bracteae purpura-
scentes plus minusve farinosae subtus connatae a basi lata
vaginante acuminatim angustatae ad 7 mm. longae pedicellis
longiores vel aequilongae ; pedicelli validi erecti purpurascentes
et farinosi sub fructu aucti; anthopodium abstrictum. Calyx
breviter tubulosus ad 8 mm. longus extus purpurascens nunc
ubique extus intusque luteo-farinosus saepe lineis farinosis
intersepalinis solum notatus ultra medium fissus lobis longis
ligulatis adpressis apice obtusis vel acutis subcucullatis sine
hydathodo conspicuo. Corollae violaceae oculo albo tubus
cylindricus supra stamina ampliatus in flore brevistylo ad 1.5
cm. longus in longistylo ad 1.2 cm. longus extus fauce plus
minusve farinosus intus annulo conspicuo 5-lobato instructus
vix transverse rugosus tenuiter membranaceus, limbi discus
2 mm. latus, lobi patuli anguste obovati vel elliptici ad 1 cm.
longi ad 6 mm. lati obscure crenati. Stamina filamentis dis-
tinctis antherisque oblongis circ. 2 mm. longis in flore brevistylo
supra medium tubi corollini inserta apicibus antherarum 3 mm.
ab annulo remotis, in longistylo basin versus inserta calyce
inclusa. Ovarium ovoideum; stylus brevis tubo calycis
dimidio longior, longus tubo corollini paullo brevior ; stigma
capitatum lobulatum. Capsula rufa longitudinaliter striata
ad 1.4 cm. longa calyce duplo-longior cylindrica angusta apice
5-10 dentibus valvatim dehiscens.

Species affinis P. pulchellae, Franch. sed habitu nano, foliis
supra farinosis, umbella pauciflora, pedicellis brevioribus
floribusque erectis, calycis segmentis longioribus, petalis
violaceis integris, capsula longiore recedit.

Yunnan. A-tun-tsu. Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. A semi-alpine
(note tufted habit and very fibrous roots) growing on open
mountain slopes under rocks, etc. Situation dry. Not a great
variation in colour, usually pale. Attacked by fungus. F.
Kingdon Ward. No. 89. May ro1z. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 432. 1913. In Herb. Edin.

This is a dwarf ally of P. pulchella, Franch. There are
abundant specific distinctions. Apart from the smallness of
stature the shorter leaves are farinose above, pedicels are short
and erect, lengthening in fruit as do those of P. pulchella,
Franch. The calyx gives a diagnostic mark in the much
longer segments. Then the corolla lobes are entire. F inally,

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. , 31

the capsule is quite twice the size of that in P. pulchella and
projects far beyond the calyx

This pretty little species is now in cultivation from Ward’s
seeds, and has flowered with Bees Ltd. and also at the Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

Primula nemoralis, Balf. fil.

Herba multiceps efarinosa foliis floribusque coaetaneis.
Folia papyracea ad 6 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata glabra laevia
sublyrata saepe drepanoidea obtusa irregulariter dentato-lobata
dentibus latis acutis vel obtusis subtus pallidiora basi nonnun-
quam subpetiolata. Scapus folia subaequans apice cum pedi-
cellis bracteisque minutissime puberulus umbellam unam 4-8-
floram gerens ; bracteae inaequales exteriores ad 9 mm. longae
pedicellos subaequantes a basi lata lanceolatae obtusae nunc
apicem versus obscure denticulatae concavae membranaceae
uninerviae ; pedicelli validi bracteas subaequantes vel eis
longiores. Calyx subtubulosus saepe plus minusve rubro-
striatus ad 5 mm. longus 5-nervius ad trientem fissus lobis ovatis
obtusis minutissime puberulis et ciliatis. Corollae violaceae
tubus 9 mm. longus annulo lobato luteo instructus intus supra
stamina puberulus infra membranaceus, lobi ad 6 mm. longi
obovati bilobuli integri. Floris longistyli antherarum apices ab
annulo circ. 2.5 mm. remoti, brevistyli ad annulum attingentes.
Ovarium conoideum; stylus longus tubo corollino brevior,
brevis calycem subaequans ; stigma breviter cylindricum.

Species Sectionis Sonchifoliae bracteis longis concavis mem-
branaceis distinguenda

unnan. Ou Kia. In moist woods. Alt. gooo ft. Leaves .
soft. Flowers violet. Coll. E. E. Maire. In Herb. Edin.

ot far removed, I think, from P. stnuata, Franch.* The
leaf outline in the two plants is not quite the same, as I judge
from Franchet’s very short description and from a_ photo-
graph of a Paris sheet of Franchet’s type. The inflorescence
has more flowers, and the scape is stouter and pedicels longer
in Maire’s plant. The bracts too are much larger and more
- involucrate in P. nemoralis, Balf. fil. Franchet’s plant is so
little known that I cannot write about its affinities with the
confidence I would like. But I have ample grounds for saying
that P. sinwata, Franch., has no place in the Soldanelloid Section
of Primula alongside of P. Wattit, King where Pax places it.
Pax had not seen the plant and gives it its position on the
strength of Franchet’s comment that its leaves are like those of
P. Waitii, King; but then Franchet adds the form of corolla
and that of the calyx are very different in the two plants.

_ * Franchet in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, i (1895), 65.

r} q

\“ Primula oresbia, Balf. fil.

32 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

P. sinuata, Franch. is I have little doubt one of the Sonchifolia
series.

Perennis albofarinosa rhizomate brevi. Folia graciliter
petiolata ad 5 cm. longa; lamina ovata vel elliptica ad 1.7
cm. longa ad 1.4 cm. lata profunde pinnatim inciso-dentata
cum dente apicali dentibus mucrone hydathodali corneo ter-
minatis supra viridis glandulis capitatis obscure pulverulenta
subtus intense albofarinosa basi subito truncatim vel late
cuneatim in petiolum contracta; petiolus ad 2.5 cm. longus
vix alatus plus minusve albofarinosus. Scapus ad 12 cm. altus
plerumque brevior validus albofarinoso-puberulus umbellam
subsecundam 5-6-floram gerens; bracteae plus minusve albo-
farinosae 6-8 mm. longae lineari-lanceolatae crassiusculae acutae
basi subvaginatae exteriores pedicellis longiores (saepe duplo)
interiores breviores; pedicelli albofarinosi subnutantes ; antho-
podium subnullum. Calyx poculiformis angulatus 6 mm. longus
dense albofarinosus ultra medium fissus lobis erectis ad 4-5
mm. longis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis hydathodo corneo
terminatis nervo medio prominente. Corollae lilacinae tenuis
ubique plus minusve albofarinosae tubus exannulatus 8 mm.
longus cylindricus intus in floribus omnibus transverse rugosus,
limbi subconcavi vix ampliati discus 2 mm. diam. valde color-
atus et dense albofarinosus, lobi obcordati bifidi. Antherarum
apices in flore longistylo ab ore corollae circ. 4.5 mm. remoti in
brevistylo ad orem sed haud exserti. Ovarium parvum globosum ;
stylus longus 6.5 mm. longus exsertus, brevis I mm. longus ;
stigma subglobosum. Capsula angusta oblonga 3-4 mm.
longa calyce inclusa valvis primariis bifidis ad basin dehi-
scentibus.

Species P. incisae, Franch. affinis sed albofarinosa.

Hunan. Summit of Yo-Chow. Alt. 10,300 ft. E. E.
Maire. In Herb. Edin.

I have not seen enough of P. incisa, Franch., to enable me
to obtain a clear picture of its features, and the descriptions
are not satisfactory. Franchet’s type came from Muping,
collected by David, and all Muping plants are very distinct.
This I have not seen. With it Pax associates a plant from
Mt. Omei collected by Faber and two plants collected by
Pratt at Tatsienlu under the Nos. 31 and 161. In order
to do this Pax has to modify Franchet’s description in im-
portant particulars.

Franchet regarded his P. incisa, Franch., as near to P.
involucrata, Wall., but very distinct by the scabrid leaves with
incised lobes. I cannot subscribe to the affinity, but Franchet’s

$ BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 33

reference to scabrid leaves as diagnostic seems to indicate a
prominent mark. Pax, however, describes P. imcisa, Franch.
as having also glabrous leaves, and certainly Pratt’s plants
have leaves with this character. But Pratt’s plants have not
the glabrous scape which both Franchet and Pax describe for
P.incisa, Franch. Then Pax introduces the character of golden
meal on the pedicels—that is apparent in Pratt’s plant No. 31,
and I have seen it on two other specimens—Henry’s No. 134
and Wilson’s No. 4046A in Kew Herbarium. It is surely one
that Franchet would not have overlooked in the Muping plant
to which he ascribed golden meal sparingly on the calyx. Pax
says of the calyx, ‘“ glaber vel intus farinosus.”’

Without doubt P. incisa, Franch. is a type around which
are to be grouped microforms which further investigation must
sift out.

The species I describe here under the name P. oresbia, Balf.
fil., belongs to the aggregate but is certainly different from
Franchet’s P. incisa, Franch. and does not belong to Pax’s
chimaera. The intensely white farina on the under side of the
leaves and all over the inflorescence, and particularly the calyx,
is a mark of separation, and I have seen no form amongst those
which I have examined with which our plant conforms exactly.
Specimens of this imcisa aggregate which I have seen in the
Kew Herbarium are Henry, Nos. 134, 8869; Pratt, Nos. 31,
161, 258; Soulié, No. 383; Wilson, Nos. 4046, 40464, 4046B.
The form most like P. oresbia, Balf. fil. is Henry’s No. 8869,
but it has golden meal. There are also some good specimens
in the Herbarium of the British Museum, but I have not yet
been able to undertake the task of critical examination and
comparison of them and the Kew specimens.

The examination of P. oresbia, Balf. fil. confirms me in the
opinion I expressed at the Primula Conference that P. incisa,
Franch. does not find its natural place in the Section Soldan-
elloides. These two species seem to occupy a position linking
Soldanelloides with Bella and Yunnanensis.

9 Primula petrophyes, Balf. fil.

Glabra efarinosa rhizomate breve foliisque rosulatis. Folia
ad 3.5 cm. longa ; lamina ad 5 mm. lata coriacea glauca anguste
lanceolata acuminata a medio deorsum in petiolum aequilongum
membranaceo-alatum vaginantem gradatim attenuata margine
linea alba cartilaginea et denticulis subaculeatis recurvis notata.
Scapus ad 8 cm. altus superne atropurpureus rugosus minute
pulverulentus umbellam 3-5-floram unilateralem subnutantem
gerens; bracteae purpurascentes exteriores ad 7 mm. longae
a basi lata vaginante subauriculata carinata et pedicello con-

Cc .

Sb?

34 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

crescente elongato-lanceolatae acutae pulverulentae vena media
prominula interiores minores ; pedicelli validi bracteis multo
breviores ad 4 mm. longi pulverulenti; anthopodium ob-
conoideum conspicuum. Calyx ad 5 mm. longus corollae tubo
longior campanulatus pulverulentus costis 5 vix elevatis notatus
ultra medium fissus lobis a basi lanceolatis acutis vena media
notatis. Corollae coeruleae firmae in flore longistylo tubus
ad 4 mm. longus calyce brevior extus pulverulentus intus
puberulus haud rugosus ad orem annulo 5-lobato instructus,
limbi concavi discus ad 3 mm. latus farinosus, lobi ad 2.5 mm.
longi subrotundati vel oblongi integri vel paullo emarginati.
Stamina in flore longistylo filamentis brevissimis antherisque
I-2.5 mm. longis supra medium tubi corollini sine lobis inter-
staminalibus inserta. Ovarium globosum; stylus longus validus
limbi corollini discum aequans ; stigma capitatum depressum.

P. leimonophilae, Balf. fil. affinis sed minor et bracteis
pedicellis longioribus, calyce campanulato, annulo ad orem
corollae, loborum interstaminalium inopia diversa. —

unan. Rocky plateaux of Yo-Chow. Alt. 10,200 ft.
Flowers blue. Maire. In Herb. Edin.

A small species like a miniature P. leimonophila, Balf. fil.
but it has many points of difference, of which I may note
specially that of the flower. The corolla tube has a moderate-
sized annulus which lies quite at the mouth of the corolla tube,
whilst in P. leimonophila, Balf. fil. there is a very large inflated
annulus lying a little below the mouth of the tube. The
corolla lobes are small and rounded and hardly divergently
emarginate. Then the short stamens—I have only seen the
long-styled flower—have no interstaminal lobes forming an
androecial annulus as in P. leimonophila, Balf. fil. Of other
diagnostic characters note the long bracts, short stout pedicels
campanulate calyx with the intercostal areas not broad and
pergamentaceous, and then the small linear foliage.

It may be this is an alpine microform of P. leimonophila,
Balf. fil. but by the features to which I have drawn attention
it may be readily recognised.

It belongs to the Amethystina Section.

Primula A grein Balf. fil. et Ward.

Perennis pygmaea rhizomate tenui ramoso foliis siccis anni
ineebiors obit, Folia parva petiolata ad 1.2 cm. longa;
lamina ovata ad 5 mm. longa 4 mm. lata crassa apice rotundata
margine subintegra revoluta supra minutissime puberula subtus
albo-farinosa basi subito in petiolum angustum membranaceo-
alatum lamina longiorem contracta. Scapus 8 mm. longus
foliis brevior puberulus florem unum pro planta magnum

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 35

gerens; bracteae tres inaequales puberulae virides sparsim
farina conspersae involucrum subflorale formantes, exterior

ab insertione lata ovato-acuminata 6 mm. longa interiores

yuSe

duae minores; pedicellus fere nullus. Calyx 6 mm. longus
late campanulatus vix ad medium fissus viridis vel purpura-
scens extus farina conspersus lobis oblongis integris margine
minutissime ciliatis. Corollae violaceae (?) tenuis tubus 9 mm.
longus calycem superans extus puberulus intus annulatus et
glanduloso-puberulus erugosus, limbi plani discus ad 2 mm.
latus, lobi obcordatiad 8 mm. longi ad 7.5 mm. lati. Antherae
in flore brevistylo breves ad medium tubi corollini insertae
apicibus circ. 3.5 mm. ab annulo remotis. Ovarium globosum ;
stylus 2 mm. longus ; stigma discoideum.

Species foliis et habitu P. dryadifoliae, Franch. sed multo
minor et scapo unifloro foliis breviore, flore erecto, corollae tubo
calycem superante, notis aliisque diversa.

N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide near A-tun-tsu.
15,000 ft. F. Kingdon Ward. 18th July 1913. No. 798. In
Herb. Edin. .

A charming dwarf species which is so like P. dryadtfolia,
Franch. in form of foliage that one might at first regard it as
a small form of that species. The leaves are however different
apart from size in this, that their upper surface is covered
with very short hairs which are absent in P. dryadifolia, Franch.
The whole flower structure is different. The scape bears but one
flower and is enclosed in the foliage; in P. dryadifolia, Franch.
it is pushed out well beyond the leaves. The flower is erect,
not slightly nodding. The calyx much shorter than the corolla
suffices to tell this species at once from P. dryadifolia, Franch.
where the corolla is shorter than the calyx.

Primula prionotes, Balf. fil. et Watt.

Epilosa rhizomate P. sikkimensis, Hook. paucifolia. Folia
petiolata ad 18 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata; lamina membranacea
efarinosa elongata oblonga vel anguste elliptica obtusa vel
acuta margine regulariter dentato-serrata subtus pallidior basi
cuneatim abrupte vel gradatim in petiolum vix alatum vix
vaginatum laminam aequantem attenuata. Scapus tenuis ad
35 cm. longus apice luteo-farinosus umbellam plurifloram
gerens; bracteae angustae conduplicatae ad 9 mm. longae a
basi lato sursum attenuatae obtusae vel acutae nunc quasi
foliaceae carinatae basique subtus incrassatae ; pedicelli fili-
formes plus minusve farinosi subreflexi. Calyx tubuloso-
campanulatus ad 6 mm. longus corollae tubo multo brevior
extus 5-costatus glaber plus minusve purpurascens et lineis
purpureis striatus ad trientem fissus lobis deltoideo-triangulari-

wt

36 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

bus hydathodo corneo terminatis intus dense luteo-farinosis.
Corollae purpureae tubus tubuloso-infundibuliformis in flore
longistylo ad 1.2 cm. longus supra stamina ampliatus in brevi-
stylo brevior exannulatus intus infra stamina rugosus, limbi
concavi luteo-farinosi discus 4 mm. latus, lobi rotundati vel
oblongi erecti ad 5 mm. longi paullo emarginati. Antherae
fere sessiles 3 mm. longae in flore longistylo basin tubi corollini
versus inserta calyce multo breviores, brevistylo ad orem
corollae inserta. Ovarium ovoideum superne incrassatum ;
stylus longus exsertus, brevis vix calycis tubum superans ;
stigma capitatum

Planta inter speciés himalayenses sectionis Sikkimensis.
floribus purpureis distincta.

Tibet. KaroLa. Alt. about 16,500 ft. Capt. H. J. Walton,
I.M.S. July 1904. In Herb. Calc.

Sir George Watt recognised the distinctness of this plant as
a species and named it on the Calcutta sheets P. serrata, sp.
nov., but he did not publish a description. Unfortunately
the name he suggested has been absorbed by Gusmus for a
hybrid P. minima x P. Wulfeniana, which is not uncommon
in gardens. The plant is the first Indian species as yet known
of the Sikkimensis Section which has purple flowers, and its
occurrence is of interest because we have already from China
both a purple and yellow series of this Section. The only
specimens known of P. prionotes, Balf. fil. et Watt are
those collected by Capt. Walton during the Tibet Frontier
Expedition in 1904.

Primula pseudomalacoides, L. B. Stewart.

Perennis multiceps pilosa rhizomate tenui foliis rosulatis
petiolatis. Folia ad ro cm. longa; lamina ad 4 cm. longa ad
2.5 cm. lata oblongo-elliptica vel elliptica crassa utrinque pilis
albis hirtella subtus albo-farinosa costa media et venis primariis
erubescentibus prominulis apice rotundata margine lobulata
lobulis serrato-dentatis dentibus hydathodo corneo terminatis
basi abrupta lateribus symmetricis vel asymmetricis sinum
vix formantibus vel subcuneatis vel subtruncatis ; petiolus
lamina duplo-longior erubescens succulentus pilosus evaginans.
Scapi plurimi graciles deinde decumbentes ad 40 cm. longi
sparsim albo-farinosi verticillos plurifloros plures et umbellam
terminalem gerentes ; bracteae parvae ad 5 mm. longae lineari-
lanceolatae acutae utrinque albo-farinosae ; pedicelli filiformes
inaequales ad 4 cm. longi albo-farinosi divaricati apice deflexi ;
anthopodium fere nullum. Calyx ad 5 mm. longus campanu-
latus dense albo-farinosus tubo intus basi excepto vix ad medium
fissus, lobis patentibus longe triangularibus acutis. Corollae

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 37

pallide lilacinae luteo-oculatae oculo albo-cincto tubus_ basi
albidus supra flavidus extusque sparsim farinosus in. flore
brevistylo supra stamina ampliatus infra cylindricus ad 6 mm.
longus ad orem lineis strumosis 10 (5 antipetalis majoribus)
luteis puberulis annulatus, lobi patuli leviter recurvi obovati
aperti profunde emarginati ad 5 mm. longi. Stamina in flore
brevistylo ad medium tubi corollini inserta filamentis distinctis
antherarum apicibus ab ore circ. 2 mm. remotis. Ovarium
globosum ; stylus viridis, brevis calycis tubo brevior ; stigma
parvum globosum.

Microforma P. malacoidis, Franch. foliis minoribus haud
late cordatis, scapis tenuioribus decumbentibus diversa.

Yunnan. G. Forrest.

P. malacoides, Franch. is a species with a wide distribution
from the Shan States of Burma through Yunnan, both North
and South. Over its wide distribution it presents a considerable
range of variation, and several of its forms have already been
described as distinct species. A supply of material sufficient
to justify the mapping out of the microform variations of the
aggregate is not yet available, but what we have seems to show
that the type may be monocarpic or pluricarpic, and some of
the monocarpic forms are annual. The forms range themselves
in two series: one in which with generally larger leaves are
associated tall scapes with many whorls of flowers—of this
P. malacoides, Franch. is the centre; the other with smaller
leaves and shorter scapes with one umbel or one or two whorls
of flowers—the type of this is P. Forbesii, Franch.

Under the name P. Forbesii, Franch. a plant was introduced
to cultivation in 1891 by Vilmorin. It was monocarpic annual.
The P. Forbesii, Franch. of cultivation at the present day is
pluricarpic perennial forming stout rhizomes. It may be that
two different microforms have been cultivated under the name.

Plants of the larger-leaved tall-scaped type we owe in
cultivation to Bees, Ltd., raised from seed collected by
George Forrest. The first plants raised and flowered —see
figure in Gardeners’ Chronicle, Ser. 3, 44 (1908), 396, figs.
164, 165— belonged to the microform here described,
not to the true P. malacoides, Franch. as that is shown
in the Paris Herbarium and as it appeared later in plants
raised also from Forrest’s seed. A distinction between the
microforms was not made by Mr. Forrest in the field—and small
wonder. Their difference was first noticed in cultivation by
Mr. Laurence B. Stewart, who gave the name P. pseudomala-
coides to the microform. It is a slenderer plant than true
P. malacoides, Franch. with leaves which remain more prostrate
and have the oblong rather than the ovate form ; the flowers are

CS”

>

38 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

smaller. As yet the thrum-eyed plant only of P. pseudomalacoides,
L. B. Stewart has been seen, and no seed has been obtained from
it except by crossing with true P. malacoides, Franch. It is readily
propagated by division. The fact that it crosses easily with
P. malacoides, Franch. means that already in cultivation
numerous progeny exist which must be the result of such
crossing, and the distinction between the forms easily made
when the true forms are seen side by side may not be generally
recognised. |

Primula pulchelloides, F. K. Ward.

Epilosa foliis floribusque coaetaneis. Folia ad 3.5 cm. longa
ad 10 mm. lata lineari-lanceolata subcrassa supra smaragdina
subtus dense luteo-farinosa apice obtusa margine vix revoluta
subtiliter et late serrato-crenata basi longe angustata et sub-
petiolata. Scapus rigidus ad 18 cm. altus saepius minor farina
lutea conspersus umbellam multifloram (ad 8) erectam gerens ;
bracteae virides plus minusve luteo-farinosae exteriores a basi
lata acuminatae vel lineari-subulatae ad 1 cm. longae auri-
culatim vaginatae pedicellum amplectantes ; pedicelli rigidi ad
2.5 cm. longi saepius breviores sparsim luteo-farinosi; antho-
podium obconoideum 1 mm. longum viride ab flore subtiliter
constrictum. Calyx viridis ad 8 mm. longus fere ad medium
fissus, tubo angulato intus efarinoso extus luteo-farinoso costis
exceptis lobis lanceolatis vel elongato-triangularibus aequalibus
acutis carinatis crassis corollae tubo adpressis intus ac extus
carina excepta luteo-farinosis. Corollae pallide violascentis
fauce aurantiaca tubus cylindricus in flore brevistylo supra
stamina ampliatus I cm. longus stramineus efarinosus vel farina
lutea conspersus intus minutissime puberulus transverse rugosus
annulatus annulo r1o-lobulato, limbi patentis discus vix r mm.
latus, lobi ad 7 mm. longi obcordati vel oblongo-obovati firmi
bilobatuli segmentis integris extus plus minusve luteo-farinosi.
Stamina filamentis brevissimis et antheris 2 mm. longis floris
longistyli prope basin tubi corollini inserta apicibus antherarum
ab annulo 6 mm. remotis, brevistylii mm. ab annulo. Ovarium
magnum dolioforme 2.5 mm. longum stylopodio umbraculiformi
incrassatum ; stylus longus fere tubum corollae aequans brevis
calyce brevior ; stigma discoideum umbilicatum vix crenulatum
pallide viride. Capsula 8 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata ultra calycem
haud auctum extensa cylindrica pallide brunnea laevigata
ab apice calyptratim incrassata valvis 5-10 ad medium
dehiscens ; columna placentifera angusta. Semina plana ellip-
soidea 0.75 mm. longa minute tuberculata.

Ex affinitate P. pulchellae, Franch. sed minor foliis angusti-
oribus et floris colore distincta.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 39

N.W. Yunnan. A-tun-tsu. 13,000 ft. July rgrr. F.
Kingdon Ward. In Herb. Edin.

A plant now in cultivation from seeds sent by Ward to
Bees, Ltd. It is quite a good plant, but not the equal of P.
pulchella, Franch. in depth of colour of foliage or flower. It
is a smaller species than P. pulchella, with which it has many
points of resemblance. The narrower smaller leaves easily
distinguish it.

Primula rhodantha, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Efarinosa epilosa radicibus ramosissimis gracillimis foliisque
petiolatis rosulatis erectis vel subpatulis sub anthesi squamis
elongatis paucis alabastri cinctis. Folia floribus coaetanea ad
7 cm. longa saepe in rosulis parvulis multo minora ; lamina
crassiuscula elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel anguste obovata
vel oblanceolata ad 3 cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata apice obtusa vel
rotundata margine subcartilaginea plus minusve denticulata
subtus pallidior utrinque minute foveolato-glandulosa et saccis
tanniniferis punctata basi in petiolum ad 5 cm. longum anguste
alatum et longe vaginantem cuneatim breviter contracta vel
in petiolum brevem vix distinctum attenuata. Scapus foliis
brevior et immersus vel ea subaequans ad 6 cm. altus robustus
umbellam ad 8-floram (rarius I-) gerens; bracteae ad 3.5 mm
longae a basi lata rotundata et subinflata cucullata rugosa
lanceolato-acuminatae vel caudato-acuminatae saccis tannini-
feris punctatae infra carinatae et sacco brevi vix I mm. longo
rotundato appendiculatae ; pedicelli stricti erecti graciles ad
1.3 cm. longi; anthopodium longum obconoideum. Calyx ad

mm. longus cylindrico-campanulatus sparsim punctatus et
erubescens ad trientem fissus, lobis elongato-triangularibus
acutis. Corollae roseae tubus infra anguste cylindricus supra
stamina expansus ad g mm. longus extus glaber intus supra
stamina puberulus obscure rugosus ad orem strumis anti-petalinis
notatus limbi concavi discus ad 2 mm. latus, lobi obovati ad 5 mm.
longi ad medium fissi. Stamina filamentis conspicuis et antheris
1.5 mm. longis in flore brevistylo apicem tubi corollini versus
antherarum apicibus ab ore I.5 mm. inserta, in flore longistylo
in triente infimo tubi corollini calyce inclusa inserta. Ovarium
oblongo-ovoideum in triente superiore incrassatum; stylus
brevis tubum calycis subaequans, longus tenuis tubo corollino
dimidio-brevior calyce dimidio-longior ; stigma ovoideum.
latis, scapo vix

P. roseae, Royle affinis, habitu, foliis petio
foliis longiore, pedicellis tenuibus et notis aliis distinct
Afghanistan. Kurrum Valley. Shéndtoi, ravine at 9g000-
10,000 ft. Very local. Aitchison. No. 462. 1879. In Herb.

Kew. et Calc.

~

40 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Afghanistan. Kurrum Valley. Harsukh. No. 14,931. In
Herb. Duthie.

Aitchison says of this plant, which he places asa variety of
P. rosea, Royle: ‘‘ This variety has each flower supported on
a long slender pedicel, and the tube of the corolla is longer
and narrower than that of the type.” This is a just diagnosis,
and the plant, whilst of the P. rosea, Royle, aggregate, is so
distinct that its specific distinction is warranted. See p. 23.

Primula riparia, Balf. fil. et Farrer.

Parva vix rhizomata foliis paucis petiolatis. Folia ad 7 cm.
longa; lamina ad 2.5 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata cordata vel late
ovata vel subrotundata margine lobulato-dentata lobulis crenu-
latis pilis longis fimbriata sinu angusto supra albido-pilosula
subtus pilis longis albis praesertim ad venas hirsuta; petiolus
laminam superans vel aequans exalatus lanato-hirsutus vagina
brevi. Scapus folia excedens ad g cm. longus viridis infra
plus minusve pubescens superne glanduloso-puberulus nunquam
barbatus umbellam paucifloram (ad 5) gerens ; bracteae parvae
ad 5 mm. longae a basi lineari-lanceolatae virides glanduloso-
puberulae obtusae; pedicelli tenues erecti ad 2 cm. longi
glanduloso-puberuli ; anthopodium parvum discoideum. Calyx
ad 6 mm. longus campanulatus extus sparsim glanduloso-
puberulus tubo laete viridi venuloso ultra medium fissus lobis.
oblongis vel elongato-ovatis subacutis venulis conspicuis striatis
ad apicem hydathodo immerso terminatis. Corollae lilacinae
tubus filavescens calyce paullo longior ad 7 mm. longus mem-
branaceus extus sparsim glanduloso-puberulus intus haud
rugosus supra stamina puberulus annulatus annulo magno
lobis 10 luteis antipetalis lobulis minoribus interpetalis con-
junctis, limbi plani discus ad 1 mm. latus, lobi aperti obcordati
ad 5 mm. longi divaricatim bifidi. Stamina filamentis latis et
antheris 1.25 mm. longis supra medium tubi corollini inserta
antherarum apicibus fere ad orem attingentibus. Ovarium
ovoideum ; stylus tubum corollae aequans; stigma parvum
stylo paullo latius lobulatum.

Species a P. neurocalyce, Franch. scapo, bracteis, pedicellis,

* q Le 2 es 1 4 ap wh Soa We A

Kansu. Farrer and Purdom. No. 33. 1914. P. obconica
microform. Twice seen only : first, three clumps beside a little
watercourse above the wicked and murderous village of Chago,
and again, more freely, on one little shady coppiced bank below,
at 7000-8000 ft. May 6, 8, 1914. In Herb. Edin.

Primula riparia, Balf. fil. et Farrer is a close ally of P.
neurocalyx, Franch. differing chiefly in the absence of the
woolly coating to the scape, bracts, pedicels, and calyx. In

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 41

P. neurocalyx, Franch. the flower at the anthopode is densely
bearded. The question arises—Is P. riparia, Balf. fil. et Farrer
to be considered as a microform of P. neurocalyx, Franch.? In
the Obconico-Listeri series we know of such microforms, and
it may be we have a like condition here. The plants are cer-
tainly much alike.

Primula rosiflora, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Efarinosa epilosa rosulata foliis paucis petiolatis patulis.
Folia ad 3.5 cm. longa ; lamina crassiuscula elliptica vel oblonga
ad 2 cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata elliptica vel oblonga obtusa margine
obscure remoteque denticulata utrinque saccis tanniniferis punc-
tata deorsum in petiolum alatum laminam subaequantem vel ea
breviorem gradatim attenuata. Scapus brevissimus vix ad 3 mm.
longus umbellam ad 4-floram foliis immersam gerens ; bracteae
ad mm. longae basi latae auriculatae cucullatae sursum
lanceolato-acuminatae membranaceae infra sacco gibboso brevi
instructae ; pedicelli ad 1.5 cm. longi tenues erecti divari-
cati; anthopodium longum obconoideum. Calyx anguste
campanulatus viridis vel paullo erubescens ad vel ultra medium
fissus, lobis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis acutis. Corollae
roseae tubus anguste cylindricus in flore brevistylo 1.4 cm.
longus tenuiter membranaceus vix rugosus supra stamina paullo
ampliatus puberulus ad orem annulatus annulo delicato Io0-
lobato, limbi discus 1.5 mm. latus, lobi aperti obcuneati 7 mm.
longi profunde divaricatim bifidi segmentis nunc sectilibus.
Stamina in flore brevistylo filamentis brevibus et antheris
angustis 2 mm. longis apicem tubi corollini versus antherarum
apicibus 2.5 mm. ab annulo remotis inserta. Ovarium globosum
stylopodio incrassato 5-areolato coronatum ; stylus brevis 2 mm.
longus calyce brevior ; stigma ovoideum integrum.

Species ex affinitate P. roseae, Royle, P. elegantis, Duby et
P. rhodanthae, Ball. fil. et W. W. Sm. scapo brevissimo, pedicellis
longis, et corolla lobatim annulata distinguenda.

Chitral. 4900 ft. Harriss. No. 16,334. 4th June 1895.
In Herb. Kew. et Edin.

Chitral. 5200 ft. Harriss. No. 16,335. 7th June 1895.
In Herb. Calc.

Chitral. 10,000 ft. Gilg. In Herb. Kew.

Duthie has labelled this plant on the herbarium sheet as a

_ variety of P. rosea, Royle and it is a member of that aggregate,

1

but it is definitely diagnosed by the extremely short scape and

the well-developed annulus in the corolla. See p. 23.

Primula rupicola, Balf. fil. et Forrest. ome '
Luteo-farinosa puberula rhizomate multicipite crasso foliis

plurimis siccis vetustis obtecto. Folia petiolata ad 10 cm. longa

42 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

plerumque minora; lamina membranacea oblongo-lanceolata
vel anguste obovata vel anguste elliptica ad 3 cm. longa ad 1.5
cm. lata obtusa margine subsinuata grosse irregulariter dentata
vel bidentata ciliata deorsum in petiolum alatum laminam
aequantem vel ea breviorem gradatim attenuata supra molliter
puberula subtus molliter pubescens praesertim ad venas et
juventute dense maturitate sparsim aureo-farinosa. Scapus
ad g cm. altus plus minusve puberulus vel farinosus umbellam
erectam ad 8-floram gerens ; bracteae lineari-subulatae ad I cm.
longae basi vaginatae subtusque paullo incrassatae extus sparse
intus dense luteo-farinosae ; pedicelli bracteis longiores ad 2
cm. longi graciles stricti plus minusve luteo-farinosi vel puberuli ;
anthopodium conspicuum obconoideum. Calyx 8-10 mm.
longus globoso-campanulatus 5-costatus costis intense viridibus
vel purpurascentibus intervallis pergamentaceis pallidioribus
extus plus minusve farinosus vel puberulus intus dense luteo-
farinosus ad trientem vel dimidium fissus lobis lanceolatis acutis
ciliatis. Corollae roseae (Forrest) flavo-oculatae tubus albidus
I.2-1.4 cm. longus purpureo-venosus in flore brevistylo cylin-
dricus supra stamina ampliatus in flore longistylo infundibuli-
formis extus sparsim farinosus intus pubescens et annulo lobato
instructus, limbi discus concavus 2 mm. latus pubescens, lobi
patuli obovati vel obcordati 8 mm. longi bifidi. Stamina
filamentis brevissimis antheris latis 1.5 mm. longis in flore
brevistylo in triente superiori tubi corollini ultra calycem
inserta antherarum apicibus 3 mm. ab annulo remotis, in flore
longistylo basin tubi corollini versus inserta calycis tubo inclusa.
Ovarium ovoideum in triente superiore incrassatum; stylus.
brevis calycis tubum vix superans, longus tubo corollae ihe
rante brevior; stigma magnum globosum. Capsula ad

longa cylindrica calyce membranaceo brunneo-punctato sia
puberulo intus farinoso inclusa ab apice valvis 5 obtusis brunneis
nitentibus dehiscens; placenta breviter stipitata oblonga.
Semina vix 1 mm. longa oblonga angulata rufo-brunnea testa
obscure areolata.

Species forsan P. Souliez, Franch. affinis.

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat.
27° 45° N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 3-7 inches. Flowers rose,
eye yellow. On boulders and open stony pastures. G. Forrest.
No. 10,338. July 1913. In Herb. Edin.

This is one of the section of Primulas with angular ribbed
calyx and non-gibbous bracts which have a hardened cushion
more or less developed. It has also a well-developed annulus.
For the presént I put it in the Section Souliei.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 43

Primula sciophila, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Perpusilla radicibus rubris epilosa dense caespitosa ; rhizoma
foliis siccis praeteritis obtectum. Folia petiolata rosulata ad
1.8 cm. longa; lamina orbicularis vel oblonga ad 7 mm. diam.
petiolo duplo-brevior inciso-dentata dentibus acutis basi cuneata
in petiolum longum anguste alatum attenuata, subtus luteo-
farinosa. Scapus brevissimus I-2 mm. longus uniflorus 2-
bracteatus luteo-farinosus ; bracteae luteo-farinosae inaequales

Corollae purpureo-lilacinae tubus venis nigro-purpureis striatus
fauce extus minutissime puberulus intus pulvino denso
pilorum alborum occlusus, in flore brevistylo 1 cm. longus
angustus cylindricus sursum ampliatus infra glaber basin
versus rugosus in flore longistylo 8 cm. longus latior intus plus
minusve pilis ubique vestitus, limbi patuli lobi obcuneati bifidi
segmentis divaricatis. Stamina antheris vix I mm. longis
filamentis brevibus in flore brevistylo sub pulvino hirto inserta,
in longistylo ad basin tubi corollini supra ovarium inserta.
Ovarium globosum; stylus longus exsertus, brevis calyce dimidio-
brevior ; stigma capitatum.

Sectionis Bellae species ex affinitate P. bellae, Franch. et
P. nanobellae, Balf. fil. et Forrest bractearum forma et dis-
positione omnino differt.

Upper Burma. Ridge of Naung Chaung—Nwai divide.
Growing in masses under shade of granite cliffs or in crevices
of rocks with moss. Damp and dark situations, exposed
ridge. Alt. 13,000 ft. Rare, only one patch seen. Flowers
pale or dark purple lilac. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1784.
15th July 1914. In Herb. Edin.

This species at a casual glance might well pass for the micro-
form of P. bella, Franch. which is named P. nanobella, Balf.
fil. et Forrest but close examination shows that, whilst it has
the pompon of occluding hairs of the Bella type, it has an
altogether different form and arrangement of the bracts. To
P. coryphaea, Balf. fil. et Ward another Burmese plant, it
is related, but that plant is much smaller, and has bracts
of a different form and disposition. It is a link between the
Chinese P. bella, Franch. and the Bhutan P. indobella,
Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

1G

44 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula seclusa, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Herbacea villosa foliis petiolatis. Folia ad 25 cm. longa;
lamina tenuiter membranacea rotundato-cordata ad 1
diam. sinuato-lobata margine ciliata hydathodis corneis denti-
culata sinu basali aperto utrinque pilis mollibus longis vestita ;
petiolus fere lanatus laminam aequans. Scapus robustus ad
40 cm. altus villosus verticillos 2-3 distantes 6-g-floros gerens ;
bracteae membranaceo-foliaceae lineari-lanceolatae acutae vil-
losae ad 1.5 cm. longae; pedicelli validi villosi bracteis
longiores. Calyx campanulatus viridis ad 11 mm. longus post
anthesin accrescens corollae tubum aequans molliter villosus
ad medium fissus lobis inaequalibus lanceolatis acutis hyda-
thodo terminatis pluriveniis. Corollae rubrae tubus ad 1m mm.
longus obliquus tenuiter membranaceus non rugosus annulo an-
gusto, lobi obovati fimbriati ad 2 mm. longi apice fissi. Stamina
ad medium tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus ab
annulo circ. 2mm. remotis. Ovarium globosum; stylus calyce
brevior staminibus aequilongis. Capsula’ calyce lignoso pro-
minenter venuloso inclusa.

P. moll, Nutt. proxima foliorum calycisque magnitudine
distinguenda.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Alt. 10,000 ft. Lat. 25°
10’ N. In shady thickets. May 1913. G. Forrest. No. 12,059.

Upper Burma. Near Feng-shui-Ling pass, divide between
Irrawaddy system and head waters of Shweli. 8000 ft. In
damp deeply shaded situations in the rain forest (also on a clay
bank amongst undergrowth by the roadside, less heavily shaded).
Flowers deep crimson in centre, fading irregularly to paler
crimson on lobes. Corolla slightly oblique. Flowers June-
July. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1632. 4th June IQT4.

A large coarse-leaved plant with many bright flowers.

Primula sinomollis, Balf. fil. et Forrest.

Herbacea rhizomate carnoso ramoso vaginis foliorum prae-
teritorum obtecto. Folia petiolata ad 15 cm. longa; lamina
late elliptica cordata vel subrotundato-cordata ad Io cm. diam.
coriacea margine subrevoluta obscure sinuato-lobata hydathodis
denticulata sinu basali aperto supra areolato-sulcata breviter
pilosa subtus intricato-venulosa venis prominulis hirsutis ;
petiolus lamina brevior crassus erubescens dense hirsutus basi
expansus. Scapi plurimi ad 30 cm. alti tenues erubescentes
villosi post anthesin saepe decumbentes umbellam terminalem
et verticillos plurimos (ad 10) 4-6-floros inter se distantes
gerens ; bracteae parvae ad 8 mm. longae lineari-lanceolatae
acuminatae glanduloso-pilosae ; pedicelli horizontaliter patentes
ad 12 mm. longi stricti filiformes glanduloso-puberuli. Flores

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 45

subobliqui. Calyx ad 6 mm. longus pilis longis glandulosis
vestitus tubo obconico lineis 5 viridibus nervosis interstitiis
albo-membranaceis notato ad medium fissus lobis anguste
lanceolatis acuminatis patentibus pluriveniis membranaceo-
alatis apice hydathodo terminatis. Corollae annulatae ore
intense rubro-purpureo lobis pallidioribus linea purpurea central
tubus calycem duplo superans tenuis 8-10 mm. longus intus
sub lobis prominulis purpureis annuli viridi-lineatus, limbus fere
ad basim fissus, lobis ad 9 mm. longis obcordatis integris non
ciliatis profunde (ad 3.5 mm.) emarginatis. Antherae con-
nectivo albo lobis purpureis in flore longistylo apicibus ab
annulo 3 mm. remotis in brevistylo annulum attingentibus.
Ovarium ovoideum viride apice conicum; stylus longus vix
tubo corollino brevior, brevis vix calycem aequans; stigma
discoideum flavo-viride. Capsula calycem vix auctum paullo
superans stylopodio conico coronata valvis crustaceis dehiscens.

Species Sectionis Mollis a P. cinerascente, Franch. cui

_proxima est foliis majoribus rugosis, scapis longis pluri-verti-

cillatis, calycis pilosi simubus membranaceis differt. A P. moll,
Hook. scapo tenuiore calyce multo minore notisque altis distincta.

Yunnan. Western flank of the Salween Valley above Ho-mo-
chu. Lat. 25° 5’ N. Alt. 7ooo ft. April 1910. G. Forrest,
No. 5523. Plant of 6-15.inches. Flowers bright rose, faintly

Yunnan. Hills to the east of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N. Alt.
6000 ft. May 1912. G. Forrest. No. 7569. Plant of 6-20
inches. Flowers magenta-rose with eye greenish-white, fragrant.
Pasture-land in side valleys. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Salween Valley. Lat.
25° 5’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. May 1913. G. Forrest. Nos.
9807, 9855. Plant of 12-20 inches. Flowers rose, eye yellow,
faintly fragrant. Shady situations in thickets. In Herb. Edin.

gat Var. alba, Balf. fil. et Forrest.
Fo

ms

rma floribus albis oculo roseo.

Yunnan. Side valley on the hills to the east of Tengyueh.
Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. May 1912. G. Forrest. No. 7610.
Sport of and growing with No. 7569. Plant of 18 inches.
Flowers almost white with a dark rose centre. Pasture-land
In Herb. Edin.
Primula sphaerocephala, Ball. fil. et Forrest.

Primula capitata, G. Forrest in Notes R.B.G. Edin. ix

(1908), 224.

Epilosa. Folia floribus coaetanea petiolata ad 12 cm. longa

ad 2.5 cm. lata; lamina anguste oblonga vel oblanceolata mem-

46 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

branacea obtusa vel subrotundata vel subpraemorsa irregulariter
eroso-denticulatain petiolum alatum alis integrislaminabreviorem
attenuata subtus pallidior pulverulenta plus minusve nervulosa
venis primariis e costa media albida arcuatim adscendentibus.
Scapus ad 30 cm. altus robustus stramineus minute puberulus
apicem versus albofarinosus umbellam capituliformem sphaeri-
cam multifloram gerens; bracteae albofarinosae exteriores
involucrantes foliaceae ad 1.4 cm. longae subspathulatae lamina
inciso-fimbriata ad 5 mm. lata in petiolum ligulatum basi vix
vaginantem et haud incrassatum cuneatim attenuata, interiores
ligulatae integrae acutae ; pedicelli albofarinosi ad 5 mm. longi
sub fructu longiores deflexi; anthopodium. obconicum flore

Species ex affinitate P. capitatae, Hook. bracteis petio-
latis fimbriatis, corolla exannulata_ intus purpurea digno-
scenda; a P. pseudocapitata, Ward (ined.) bracteis inciso-

Yunnan. Open marshy places in pine woods on the ascent
to Kari Pass between Pung-tzu-la and Shi-zo. Alt. 10,000—
14,000 ft. Perfumed. G. Forrest. No. 46. September 1904.
In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Western slopes of Kari Pass leading into the
Chun pa Valley between Pung-tzu-la and Shi-zo. Alt. about
13,000-14,000 ft. Flowers most delicately perfumed. G. For-
rest. No. 303. September 1904. In Herb. Edin.

One of the Chinese forms of the Himalayan aggregate
P. capitata, Hook. One other Chinese form is known up to
this time in P. pseudocapitata, Ward. Both of them, though
easily recognised as nearly allied to the Himalayan forms, can

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. =e

be readily distinguished by the much smaller corolla limb and
the more globular head of flowers.

((\ Primula stolonifera, Balf. fil.
P. farinosa, Linn. ex G. Forrest in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
Edin. iv (1908) 231.
P. pseudodenticulata, Pax ex Pl. Chinenses Forrestianae,
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. vii (1912), 84, 91.

Multiceps stolonifera epilosa. Stolones basi nudi ad 6 cm.
excurrentes robusti decumbentes in axillis foliorum rosulatorum
orientes. Folia floribus coaetanea ad 8 cm. longa ad 1.5 cm
lata oblanceolata vel anguste obovato-oblonga obtusa tenuiter
membranacea efarinosa margine crenato-denticulata vel den-
tato-serrata vel subserrata deorsum in petiolum lamina breviorem
alatum alis integris sensim attenuata utrinque laevis costa
media subtus albida prominula. Scapus sub anthesi tenuis
sub fructu auctus robustus glaber apicem versus plus minusve
farinosus umbellam parvam gerens; bracteae minutae exteri-
ores 3 mm. longae elongato-triangulares obtusae subcrassae
basi plus minusve farinosae membranaceo-auriculatae infra
nec incrassatae nec gibbosae, interiores minores; pedicelli
2-4 mm. longi validi plus minusve farinosi anthopodio turbinato
ad 2 mm. longo flore abstricto terminati. Calyx campanulatus
plus minusve farinosus 5 mm. longus ad medium fissus lobis
oblongis obtusis apice saepe purpurascentibus. Corollae pur-
pureae tubus 5 mm. longus extus plus minusve farinosus supra
stamiha ampliatus intus annulo luteo conspicuo instructus et
transverse rugosus infra membranaceus, limbi discus 0.5 mm.
latus, lobi obovati 4 mm. longi plani profunde bipartiti.
Staminum filamenta brevissima antheris ovoideis 1 mm. longis
in flore brevistylo prope orem tubi corollini inserta apicibus
antherarum annulum attingentibus longistylo ad medium in-
serta apicibus antherarum ab annulo 2mm. remotis. Ovarium
globosum superne crustaceum ; stylus ruber, longus staminibus
vix longior, brevis calycis tubo paullo longior ; stigma capitatum.
Capsula calyce inclusa valvis 5—10 crustaceis dehiscens.

Species aggregatae P. denticulatae, Sm. stolonibus esqua-
matis notata.

Yunnan. Delavay. 1883-1885. In Herb. Paris.

Yunnan. Moist, open situations along the base of the
eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-
gooo ft. Plant of 4 to 12 inches. Flowers pale rose, eye
orange. G. Forrest. No. 1818. April-May 1906. In Herb.
Edin. |

Yunnan. Moist, boggy situations by sides of streams in
the Lichiang Valley, south of the city. Lat. 26° 50’ N. Alt.

48 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA

8200 ft. Plant of 6 to 9 inches. Flowers pale rose-lilac, eye
orange, fragrant. G. Forrest. No. 2037. May 1906. In
Herb. Edin. |

Yunnan. Marshy ground on the hills of La-Mey. Alt.
7350 ft. Flowers violet. E. E. Maire. March. In Herb.

in.

No other species of the aggregate S. denticulata, Sm. shows
the robust naked stolons of this plant.

\W52 Primula tanupoda, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Parva farinosa pulverulenta foliis petiolatis. Folia ad 2
cm. longa; lamina subcrassiuscula anguste ovata ad I cm.
longa ad 7 mm. lata obtusa margine subcartilaginea eroso-
crenulata utrinque pulverulenta infra in petiolum laminam
subaequantem attenuata. Scapus brevissimus circ. 5 mm.
longus validus umbellam 4-floram gerens; bracteae ad 1 cm.
longae membranaceae vaginantes rufo-glanduloso-punctatae
cucullatae acuminatae basi saccato ~gibbosae; _ pedicelli
longissimi 5 cm. longi rigidi; anthopodium discoideum.
Calyx ad 8 mm. longus tubulosus 5-costatus intervallis
pergamentaceis subpuberulus in trientem fissus lobis elon-
gatis triangularibus minutissime ciliatis. Corollae tubus in
flore longistylo cylindricus exannulatus intus sparsim puberulus,
limbi discus 2 mm. latus, lobi obovati 7 mm. longi profunde
emarginati segmentis divaricatis. Stamina filamentis brevis-
simis antheris 2 mm. longis ad medium tubi corollini inserta
calyce inclusa. Ovarium oblongum; stylus longus validus
exsertus ; stigma capitatum.

Ex affinitate P. involucratae, Wall. et P. tibeticae, Watt
ab hac foltis, floribus majoribus, et annuli inopia, ab illa foliis
pulverulentis crenulatis, scapo foliis breviore differt.

W. Himalaya, Kumaon. Ralam Valley. Inayat. No.
24,647/b. 18th August 1900. In Herb. Kew.

A single specimen in Mr. Duthie’s herbarium now at Kew
is so different from all other Indian Primulas that it is
described here as a new species. At first sight it looks some-
thing like P. involucrata, Wall. but its leaves are farinose
and are distinctly cut on the edge. The aspect of the flower
is quite that of P. involucrata, Wall. but there is no annulus
in the corolla tube. It resembles P. sibirica, Jacq. in the
shortness of the basal sac to the bracts, which is quite unlike
that of P. involucrata, Wall. From both of these species
it is separated by the long flower pedicels arising from a
.Scape so short as to be included in the leaf sheaths. By this
it recalls P. tibetica, Watt and like that species it is farinose
(the books erroneously refer to P. tibetica, Watt, as “‘ not

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 49

mealy’’). Its larger size, want of an annulus, petals not re-
flexing readily, distinguish it however from P. tibetica, Watt.
It might be regarded as a North-West Himalayan representa-
tive of P. tibetica, Watt. On the single specimen available
for examination the long pedicels of one of the flowers bears
at a short distance below the flower a pair of bracts. This
suggested that the specimen might be throughout abnormal
and only a short-scaped variation of P. involucrata, Wall. or
a long-pedicelled and. large-flowered P. tibetica, Watt or even
a P. sibirica, Jacq. modified. The chain of characters in the
plant is such however that one cannot regard the suggestion
as valid. One must hope for more specimens.

Primula taraxacoides, Balf. fil.

Herba glabra aspectu Taraxaci collo squamis membranaceis
plus minusve farinosis persistentibus alabastri hiemalis vestita
foliis floribusque coaetaneis. Folia ad 8 cm. longa ad 3 cm.
lata membranacea lyrata pinnatifido-runcinata lobis triangulari-
bus inciso-dentatis apice acutis basi in petiolum alatum at-
tenuata. Scapus robustus foliis brevior sub fructu haud auctus
superne saepe sparsim farinosus umbellam 8—12-floram gerens ;

| bracteae triangulares acutae basi subgibbosae subfarinosae ad

5 mm. longae pedicellis multo breviores ; pedicelli ad 1.4 cm.
longi sparsim farinosi vel efarinosi. Calyx ad 5 mm. longus
subpoculiformis sparsim glandulosus accrescens lobis ad 1.5
mm. longis triangularibus vel ovatis vel subrotundatis apicu-
latis. Corollae violaceae tubus 1 cm. longus annulatus, lobi
7 mm. longi late obovati vel rotundati retusi margine breviter
dentati. Capsula globosa calyce inclusa.

A P. sonchifolia, Franch. ambitu foliorum, scapo _ foliis
breviore, corolla minore differt.

Yunnan. Rocks of Malong. Alt. gooo ft. Leaves of Leon-
todon. Flowers violet. Coll. E. E. Maire. In Herb. Edin.

We have yet to learn much of the forms of and allied to
P. sonchifolia, Franch. This plant seems to have well-marked
characteristics within an aggregate of which Franchet’s plant
is the type.

Primula Traillii, Watt, in Journ. R.H.S. xxix (1904), p. 299.
Epilosa; rhizoma breve crassum alabastro magno albo-
farinoso coronatum folia magna vaginantia petiolata gerens
et vestigiis foliorum anni praeteriti obtectum. Folia ad 25 cm.
longa ; lamina membranacea elliptica vel oblonga vel obovato-
oblonga 8-14 cm. longa 3-6 cm. lata apice rotundata margine
plus minusve denticulata basi gradatim in petiolum ‘crassum
laminam aequantem vel ea longiorem basi vagina longa
D

50 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

amplexicauli instructum attenuata, subtus dense albo-fari-
nosa costa media prominula percursa. Scapus robustus ad
25 cm. altus plus minusve albo-farinosus umbellam pauci- vel
pluri-floram solitariam gerens nunc florum verticellis I-2 in-
ferioribus praeditus ; bracteae inaequales exteriores ad 1.5 cm.
longae lineari-lanceolatae ; pedicelli inaequales validi erecti
sub anthesi ad 5 cm. longi sub fructu longiores ; anthopodium
turbinatum. Calyx ad 8 mm. longus campanulatus membrana-
ceus venulosus ultra medium fissus lobis lanceolato-acuminatis
margine intusque albo-farinosis. Corollae pallide coeruleae
tubus cylindricus membranaceus in flore longistylo ad 1.2 cm.
longus intus puberulus annulo 10-lobato prominulo instructus,
limbi discus angustus, lobi obovati integri ad 7 mm. longi.
Stamina filamentis conspicuis 0.75 mm. longis antherisque 2 mm.
longis in flore longistylo infra medium tubi corollini inserta
ultra calycem prolongata. Ovarium pyriforme ; stylus longus
exsertus ; stigma ovoideum. Capsula cylindrica rufo-brunnea
crustacea I cm. longa calyci aucto tamen membranaceo aequi-
longa et eo inclusa valvis 10 ab apice deorsum plus minusve
dehiscens ; placenta subcolumnaris stipitata.

Species distincta a Cl. Watt P. sikkimensi, Hook. collocata.

N.W. Himalaya. Kangra, Kulu. Sharran Glaciers. Alt.
16,000 ft. Watt. No. 13,495. 18th Oct. 1894. A large, hand-
some Primula growing in the deep shade of large rocks in rich
black soil,—dry. Seedlings with rotund leaves. Adult plants
about 15-20 inches in height. All the under surfaces densely
coated with white farina. It appears to flower in spring and again
in autumn. Inflorescence with two or three whorls of flowers
borne on long pedicels. Involucre of bracts not spurred linear-
lanceolate. Calyx linear-lanceolate acuminate. In Herb. Edin.

This species, named by Sir George Watt in honour of the
Rev. J. Traill of Jaipur, is briefly diagnosed by him in the
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, xxix (1904). A
figure and description of P. tnvolucrata, Wall. are given under
the name P. Trai//i.: in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, xxii (1897),
263, from plants grown by Mr. George Wilson. The origin of
the confusion Sir George Watt thus explains :—‘‘ The seed I
collected of it [P. Tvaillii] was mixed with the only other Primula
found in Kulu during that expedition, namely, P. involucrata,
Wall. on account of the necessity that existed to economise
my collecting materials. On the mixed seed reaching Europe
it was found that only P. imvolucrata, Wall. germinated, and
thus got talked of as P. Traillit, Watt.”’ P. Trailliai, Watt has
not yet come into cultivation. The dried specimens promise
a good garden plant when it does come.

Sir George Watt finds the affinity of his species in P. sikki-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 51

mensis, Hook, in the group of forms within his Section Pur-
purea, which have petals entire or partly emarginate and the
throat of the corolla exannulate. In ascribing to P. Traiilii,
Watt an exannulate corolla Sir George Watt’s recollection of
the plant as he found it ten years previously has not served
him well or perhaps he was misled by a somewhat faulty draw-
ing by a native artist of dissected flowers attached to his her-
barium sheets. No annulus is shown in these. But I find a
conspicuous ten-lobed annulus in the flowers of the dried
specimens. It may be that the affinity suggested is correct,
but I am not satisfied about it. The form of calyx and corolla
seems different—there is the annulus—and then the placental
column tends to the globular. Unfortunately the critical
seeds are wanting in all the specimens.

Primula Umbrella, Forrest.

Herba parva luteo-farinosa. Folia oblonga ad 3.5 cm.
longa 1.5 cm. lata in petiolum brevem latum planum cuneatim
attenuata margine infra medium integra supra medium re-
curvata sursum eximie dentato-serrata dentibus corneo-apicu-
latis, subtus dense supra sparsim luteo-farinosa. Scapus 5
cm. altus folia longe superans plus minusve luteo-farinosus
umbellam 6-8-floram gerens; bracteae 5 mm. longae lanceo-
latae obtusae margine subinvolutae luteo-farinosae cucullatae
pedicellos amplectantes ; pedicelli circa 10 cm. longi ab umbone
umbellae perinde ac costae umbraculi radiatim subdependentes.
Calyx 5-7 mm. longus campanulatus intus viridis dense luteo-
farinosus vix ad medium fissus tubo a basi prominenter 5-
costato, lobis obtusis coroliae adpressis. Corollae lilacinae
tubus 10 cm. longus extus farinosus albus vel lilacino-striatus
calycem duplo superans, fauce albido-farinosa; limbus ad 2
cm. diametiens, lobis latis obcordatis.

P. kialensi Franch. affinis bracteis cucullatis farinosis
calyce costato distinguenda.

N Yunnan. tIgto. G. Forrest. Collected with P.
membranifolia.

A species which appears to be a near neighbour of P.
kialensis, Franch. P. Umbrella, Forrest differs from P. kialensis,
Franch. as described in the much longer scape, obtuse bracts
sheathing the pedicels, densely farinose bracts, pedicels, and
calyx, costate calyx tube. This dainty species is in cultiva-
tion, but is not a rapid grower. The abundance of golden meal
all over the plant is characteristic, but the most differentiating
mark is found in the inflorescence. The bracts radiate from
the top of the scape, each one forming a channel in which a
pedicel, twice the length of the bract, lies. The calyx too is

oN

52 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

characteristic, with its ridged short sepals. Mealiness extends to
the corolla, which is dusted with it outside and at the throat.

Primula Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom.

Efarinosa glanduloso-hirsuta foliis longe - petiolatis rosu-
latis paucis primo erectis demum patulis floribus coaetaneis sub
anthesi squamis erectis albidis alabastri basi cinctis. Folia ad
5 cm. longa post anthesin accrescentia; lamina sub anthesi
ad 2.5 cm. longa ad 1.5 cm. lata ovato-cordata opaca crassa
pallide venulosa obtusa margine integra vel obscure et late
crenulata glanduloso-ciliata utrinque pilis albidis mollibus
glandulosis vestita et glandulis plurimis capitatis rubris (in fol.
sicc.) obtenka:; petiolus ine duplo vel triplo longior validus
alabastri squamas expansus in foliis adultis vix alatus. Scapus ad
12 cm. longus foliis multo longior dense glanduloso-hirsutus infra
albidus superne nigro-purpureus ebracteatus uniflorus. Flos
magnus subzygomorphus. Calyx breviter cupuliformis ad 6
mm. longus fere ad basin fissus lobis ovato-lanceolatis plerumque
nigro-purpureus pilisque glandulosis obsitus. Corollae violaceo-
coeruleae tubus cylindricus ultra 3.5 cm. longus pallide pur-
pureus strictus angustus orem versus gradatim expansus
extus glanduloso-hirtus intus ubique glaber ad faucem amplia-
tus albidus, limbi plani obliqui discus purpureus ad 2 mm.
latus glanduloso-puberulus, lobi plerumque 6 nunc 5 vel 7 ad
1.4 cm. longi ad 7 mm. lati aperti subspathulati vel obcuneati
vel anguste oblongo-obovati basi glanduloso-ciliati emarginati
segmentis integris. Stamina ut in Omphalogramma sectione
filamentis purpureis longis ad 5 mm. longis robustis orem tubi
corollini versus convergentibus supra medium inserta: antherae
ovoideae subexsertae. Ovarium ovoideum superne conoideum
stylo longo filiformi glabro albido paullo exserto terminatum :
stigma parvum lobulatum

Species P. Engleri, Knuth similis foliis minoribus crassius-
culis longe petiolatis squamis alabastri sub anthesi cinctis,
glandulis capitatis foliorum, scapo folia excedente, calyce
cupuliformi, corollae fauce albida glabra lobisque angustis
emarginatis haud incisis bene distincta.

Kansu. Farrer and Purdom. No. 74. 1914. In Herb.

in.

The following is Mr. Reginald Farrer’s description of the
plant as he found it in Kansu :—

“Primula No. 6 P. Viola-grandis: Sect. Omphalogramma).
‘Whole plant clothed in whitish glandular hairs. Leaves
appearing with the flowers, and developing further afterwards,

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 53

springing in a tuft, about 2}-5 cm. in length, ovate-cordate,
dark green, thick and flannelly, borne on stout petioles as
long as the blade, and often twice as long ; the lowest diminish-
ing till they are but small oval-rounded pale tabs. Scape 34-5
inches, greatly exceeding the leaves, each carrying one very
large flower. Calyx a cup, cloven to the base in ovate-lanceo-
late lobes. Flower rich light violet-blue, of luminous effect,
the straight tube more than 34 cm. in length, glandular, pale-
purple, slightly and gradually swelling at base and throat.
Lobes of the corolla and calyx usually 6, sometimes 5 or 7:
those of the corolla open at first in a small regular star of
deep violet, but soon lighten, the three upper lobes now lying
stiffly back along the tube, and the three lower standing
as stiffly outward, so as to make a strangely Gesneraceous
effect. Corolla lobes obovate, usually emarginate. Stamens
all gathered at the roof of the tube, over the pistil. Capsule
globular (?). ©

‘“‘ Distributed locally at high elevations, Siku, Satanee, gooo-
10,000, only in steep banks of turf-shelves sloping W. or
N.W. in soil of red limy loam, rich friable forest compost,
or black vegetable mould, sharply drained and loose, getting
no moisture but that belonging to the high altitude, and
cool exposure that it unalterably affects, haunting the under-
side of tussocks, but occasionally spreading even into the
fine light scrub of little gale and rhododendron. May and
une.
: And later he says :—‘‘ This noble Omphalogramma expands
fully in late summer; very thick and flannelly leaves of deep
dusty opaque green with lighter veins remarkably suggesting
those of some fat Viola of the ‘ hirta-group,’ but lying out on
the ground, too heavy for their flushed fleshy and stalwart
peduncles. The capsule is apparently round, the calyx fringed
with many teeth; the sp. with its absurd throat, is not at
all a free seeder. One rocky shelf, that had been blue with
blossom, yielded only some 7-8 seed-stems. Flowers May ;
seed nearly all gone, Sept. 3

Photographs of the species, with brief comment upon its
beauties, have appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, lvi (1914),

he plant is an interesting addition to the Omphalogramma
series. Its nearest ally is P. Englert, Knuth a species collected
by Soulié at Tatsienlu. I have not seen specimens of P._
Engleri, Knuth, and rely entirely upon the technical description |
as a basis for the differentiation from it of P. Viola-grandis,
Farrer et Purdom. For purposes of comparison a trans
scription of Knuth’s description of P. Englert, Knuth is given

54 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

below.* The diagnostic characters are these :—P. Engleri,
Knuth has thin papyraceous leaves which are rarely petiolate.
Farrer and Purdom say of P. Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom that
the leaves are very thick and flannelly and have fleshy stalwart
stalks. The interpretation of Knuth’s statement that in his
plant the scape is destitute of basal scales is not quite clear.
No Omphalogramma has scales on the scape, and I must assume
that Knuth refers to the bud scales around the foliage leaf tuft.
Such scales are distinctly present in P. Viola-grandis, Farrer

et Purdom. en Knuth says nothing about any capitate
ae interspersed amongst the long white hairs on the leaves
his plant. In P. Viola-grandis Farrer et Purdom these

are abundant and so evident that no careful describer could
miss seeing them. In the dried specimens they are bright red ;
whether that is the colour in the living leaf I do not know.
The scape of P. Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom is much
longer than the leaves. In Knuth’s plant the scape is described
as se slightly longer than the leaves. Knuth says of P.
, Knuth that the calyx is widely campanulate. That
panded fits P. Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom where the calyx
tube is a shallow cup. Lastly, in the corolla—the throat in
P. Englert, Knuth is said to be densely puberulous with short
hairs—its colour is not mentioned; in P. Viola-grandis, Farrer
et Purdom the throat is hairless and is whitish. The corolla
lobes of P. Englert, Knuth are broadly obovate and retuse
slightly incised. In P. Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom they
are narrowly obovate or spathulate and are emarginate with
entire segments. The sum of characters suffices to justify the
naming of Mr. Farrer’s plant as a new species, and its area, it
will be noted, is some distance from that of P. Engleri, Knuth.
Mr. W. W. Smith, who has a first-hand knowledge of the

* “ Primula Engleri, R. Knuth, in Botanische Jahrbiicher, xxxviii, 98) 340.

rum lamina 3-5 cm. longa, . lata ta, oblongo-ovata, basi rot coudedn:
rarius in ier = pacha eect: tenuiter et eae Y apice rotundata,
integra; petiolus quam lamina 2—3-plo longior, any C9 om longus, in en 2-4
. latus, pilis seiticintatis pubescens. Scapus cu ebracteatus,
uniflorus, pubescens, squamis basilibus plane destitutus, cum mn flore folia post
superans, non raro aequans. Calycis late campanulati, profunde partiti laciniae
5 mm. longae, oblongo-lanceolatae, obtusiusculae, integrae, sora stipitatis
pats dense obsitae. Corollae tubus extus pene intus glabe m. longus,
m calyx circ. gue ners infundibuliformis, partibus ‘aesipes et media

tsa a $, parte summa satis abrupte in limbum ampliatus ; faux pilis brevibus
wedense Lssenenie mel lobi purpurei, late oie heap: retusa leviter incisi. Stylus

ormis, corollae tubum vix superans, glab
. ” Ost-Tibet : Ta-tsien-lu (Soulié a. ahi s + 2237). igo in Herb. Berol. !
“ Species certe ad sectionem. Omphalogramma relict differt scapo squami

destituto a P. vinciflora et P oeecmepieg et P. reed Corollae lomecdine s es
latitudine autem facile distinguitur P. Franchetii

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 55

Omphalogrammas in P. Elwesiana, King, in Sikkim, to whom
I have shown the specimens, concurs in the view expressed of
the relationship of P. Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom and
P. Englert, Knuth.

Farrer and Purdom’s plant has some resemblance to P.
vincaeflora, Franch. but is altogether less robust, and the long
petioled leaves separate them at sight.

Franchet first pointed out the distinctness of these forms
from Primula, and definitely in 1898 * he constituted the genus
Omphalogramma for them, having previously in 1885 + been
content to place them as a section under Primula. Pax in
1889 { kept up Franchet’s group as a section of Primula, re-
naming it Barbatae on the trivial ground that, as seed was known
in only one of the three species recognised at the time, the name
might not be descriptively accurate of the others. In his
monograph of 1905 § Pax reverts to Franchet’s name Omphalo-
gramma, but keeps the group as a section of Primula notwith-
standing Franchet’s advocacy in his paper of 1898 of its claim
to generic rank.

I have had opportunity to examine specimens of all of the
known species excepting P. Englert, Knuth. The labours of
Forrest and Ward in China and of Cave and Cooper in Sikkim
have furnished an ample supply of dried specimens, and through
Forrest and Cave we have now living plants in the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, of P. Delavayi, Franch., P. Elwesiana, King,
P. Franchetii, Pax, and P. vincaeflora, Franch. P. Francheti,
Pax in fruit is still unknown in Europe. The more I examine
the plants, the more convinced I am that Franchet is right in
treating Omphalogramma as a genus separate from Primula.
I do not lay stress upon vegetative features—their general
characters occur in true Primulas, for instance, in P. Gammieana,
King, in P. Gambeliana, Watt and others of the so-called Cordi-
folia section. The flower and seed characters give quite definite
diagnostic marks of generic value, and these are :—

(a) The flower is zygomorphous.

(b) The numerical symmetry of perianth and androecium—

the whorls have commonly six parts, but may be up to
eight, and occasionally five.

(c):The stamens have long stout filaments with the anterior
ones bending across the corolla tube to complete the
cone of anthers at the corolla mouth.

(d) Seeds flat with a broad wing-aril.

* Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlv (1898), 179.

5 :
. ¢ Pax in Engl. Jahrb. x (1889), 209.
: § Pax, Primul in Engler’s Pfianzenr, (1905), I09.

56 BALFOoUR—NEw SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

The differences from Primula are much greater than some of
those which separate other genera from it—take, for instance,
Androsace or Cortusa.
The genus of Primulaceae to which Omphalogramma shows
most resemblance is the monotypic Bryocarpum which in its
species, the yellow-flowered B. himalaicum, Hook. f. et Thoms.
is a well known Sikkim plant and is now in cultivation. The
whole facies of Bryocarpum is that of Omphalogramma—the
petiolate ovate leaves arising within a sheath of scales, the long
ebracteate scape with one large terminal oblique flower, the
numerical symmetry of the flower, 5-8 parts in the whorls, the
calyx cut into narrow segments to the base, the long corolla
tube and lobes. Its differences are the less hirsute covering,
the stamens with short filaments and longer acuminate anthers,
the long cylindric capsule many times the length of the calyx
and opening by a stylopodial lid beneath which are found some
short valves—in Omphalogramma it is always short ovoid with
the upper quarter extruding from the calyx and dehiscing from
the style base right down often to the base,—lastly, the oblong
ellipsoid seeds with areolate surface. A subordinate character :
the ovary of Bryocarpum himalaicum, Hook. f. et Thoms. has a
sparse coating of red capitate glands. I have seen nothing of
this in Omphalogramma. Those who wish to sink Omphalo-
gramma would place it more conveniently in Bryocarpum than
in Primula.
Were I to write a monograph of Primula I should exclude
Omphalogramma. As I am not doing so, I add here the names
of the plants that are involved in this Primula~-Omphalogramma
discussion, giving them their specific designation under both
genera :—
Primula Elwesiana, King (1882) =Omphalogramma Elwesiana
(King), Franch. (1898).

Primula Delavayi, Franch. (1885) =Omphalogramma Dela-
vayt, Franch. (1898).

Primula vincaeflora, Franch. (1887) =Omphalogramma vin-
caeflora, Franch. (1898).

Primula Franchetii, Pax (1905) =Omphalogramma Souliei,
Franch. (1898).

Primula Engleri, Knuth (1907) =Omphalogramma Engleri
(Knuth), Balf. fil. (r915).

Primula Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom (1915 =Omphalo-

gramma Viola-grandis, Farrer et Purdom ( IQI5)..

(Primula Waddellii, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Pusilla caespitosa efarinosa epilosa. Folia circa I cm. longa
spathulata crassa ; lamina ad 3 mm. lata apice rotundata margine

vel
\Q99

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 57

crenulata nunc denticulata. Scapus brevissimus 1.5 mm.
longus puberulus uniflorus; bractea singula minuta subulata
subcalycina; pedicellus sub-nullus. Calyx 5 mm. longus
anguste poculiformis puberulus lobis a basi lanceolatis acutis.
Corollae tubus 1 cm. longus fauce exannulata granulosa, lobi
obovati 6 mm. longi subcrassiusculi profunde bifidi. Stamina
floris longistyl ad medium tubi corollini inserta. Stylus brevis
vix I mm. longus.

Ex affinitate P. Stirtonianae, Watt foliis spathulatis crassis
crenulatis nonnunquam dentatis apice rotundatis, flore solitario
sessili, scapo puberulo brevissimo 1.5 mm. longo bracteam
parvam unam subulatam subcalycinam gerente, calyce puberulo
5 mm. longo fere ad basin fisso divergens.

Tibetan Plateau, N.W. of Tangla. Alt. 15,000 ft. Waddell.
No. 34. June 1891. In Herb. Calc.

Tibet, N.W. Chumbi below Ghora La. Alt. 15,000 ft.
Waddell. No. 78. June 1891. In Herb. Calc.

The material of this plant in the Calcutta Herbarium is
scanty, but suffices to indicate that the plant has not yet been
described.

The plant has in some ways a resemblance with P. Stir-
toniana, Watt but its foliage is not the same. The leaves are
truly spathulate, and have a crenulate margin which is, however,
sometimes dentate, but the leaf has never the obcuneate form
and somewhat truncate apex of that of P. Stivtoniana, Watt.
The nearly sessile flower and small subulate bract just below
the calyx are also different from what is found in P. Stirtoniana,
Watt and the calyx is much smaller, as is the whole flower. It
may be, however, that this is a microform of P. Stirtoniana, Watt.

Primula Waltoni, Watt ex scheda in Herb. Calc.

Elata luteo-farinosa epilosa foliis paucis petiolatis. Folia ad
30 cm. longa; lamina oblonga ad 20 cm. longa ad 7 cm. lata
membranacea rugosa obtusa margine sinuata eroso-dentata basi
petiolo vix alato ad 6 cm. longo instructa costa media pro-
minula venis primariis patulis percursa venuloso-reticulata
subtus plus minusve luteo-farinosa utrinque glanduloso-foveo-
lata. Scapus ad 7 dm. altus sub fructu altior robustus plus
minusve luteo-farinosus umbellam magnam plurifloram gerens ;
bracteae inaequales exteriores ad 1.5 cm. longae a basi 3 mm. lata
sursum in setam terminalem attenuatae luteo-farinosae basi
subtus plus minusve pulvinatim incrassatae; pedicelli in-
aequales ad 10 cm. longi validi flexiles plus minusve luteo-
farinosi; anthopodium obconoideum conspicuum. Calyx ad
7 mm. longus poculiformis 5-costatus extus dense luteo-farinosus
ad trientem fissus lobis elongato-triangularibus acutis basi

58 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

subinflatis apice reflexis intus dense luteo-farinosis. Corollae
violaceae tubus in flore brevistylo ad 1 cm. longus cylindricus
supra stamina ampliatus in longistylo brevior intus paullo
transverse rugosus exannulatus fauce puberulus, limbi discus
concavus 3 mm. latus, lobi breves ad 4 mm. longi obcordati
leviter emarginati. Stamina filamentis brevibus antherisque
2 mm. longis in flore longistylo basin tubi corollini versus ovarium
juxta inserta calycis tubo inclusa, in flore brevistylo fere exserta.
Ovarium oblongum in dimidio superiore incrassatum ; stylus
longus exsertus, brevis calycis tubum vix superans; stigma
globosum. Capsula cylindrica ad 1 cm. longa ultra calycem
auctum crustaceum quadrante projecta ab vertice valvis 5
crustaceis brevibus brunneis ad apicem sepalorum dehiscens;
placenta cylindrica; semina nigro-brunnea saponis aspectu
oblonga ad 1.5 mm. longa angulata; testa fere laevis.

Species foliorum inflorescentiae seminisque aspectu P.
stkkimenst, Hook. persimilis sed corollae calycisque forma longe
recedit.

Tibet. Hillsabove Lhasa. Walton. Aug. 1904. In Herb.
Cale.

A fine species, to which Sir George Watt has attached this
name in the Calcutta Herbarium, but without publishing a
description, and it is not mentioned in his Observations on.
Indian Primulas in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural
Society, xxix (1904), 295. Its position is, I think, in the Sikkim-
ensis Series, where it is one of the exceptional lilac-flowered
Indian species. There are two sheets of it only in the Calcutta
Herbarium. Collectors should search for it.

Primula Wardii, Balf. fil.
P. sibirica, Jacq. var. chinensis, Hort. Veitch.

crassiuscula glaberrima. Scapus validus ad 25 cm. altus
glaber umbellam 2-10-floram gerens: bracteae foliaceae in-
volucrantes cucullatae ad 1.5 cm. longae ad 5 mm. latae pluri-
nerviae costa media prominula hydathodo immerso conspicuo
terminatae basi in appendiculam oblongam bracteae_ ipsi
fere aequilatam et ea dimidio breviorem obtusam rotundatam
vel truncatam adpressam vel leviter divaricatam ;_pedicelli
ad 2 cm. longi obscure glandulosi plus minusve nutantes;
anthopodium discoideum 5-lobatum. Calyx ad r cm. longus
corollae tubo brevior tubulosus 5-angulatus intervallis per-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 59

gamentaceis obscure glanduloso-punctatus ad trientem fissus
lobis triangularibus obtusis margine ciliatis. Corollae roseae
vel violaceae tubus cylindricus supra stamina ampliatus in flore
brevistylo ad 1.4 cm. longus in flore longistylo brevior mem-
branaceus leviter rugosus luteo-annulatus annulo 10-lobato lobis
per paria antipetalis, limbi plani discus 1.5 mm. latus, lobi
obovati profunde et late bifidi subcrenulati. Stamina filamentis
brevissimis et antheris magnis ad 3 mm. longis in flore brevistylo
ad orem tubi corollini antheris semiexsertis in flore longistylo infra
medium antheris calyce inclusis inserta. Ovarium ovoideum
dimidio supremo incrassato; stylus brevis robustus tubo
calycis brevior, longus vix exsertus ; stigma discoideum.

Species P. sibiricae, Jacq. et P. involucratae, Wall. affinis ab
illa umbella pluriflora bractearum appendice longa, ab hac
floribus roseis vel violaceis distincta. 4

Szechwan. Tatsienlu. 9500-11,000 ft. Pratt. No. 657. In
Herb. Brit. Mus.

W. China. 11,000—12,500 ft. Marshes. Wilson. No. 4032.
July 1903. In Herb. Brit. Mus.

N.W. Yunnan. A-tun-tsu. 12,000 ft. F. Kingdon Ward.
No. 96. July 1911. Though growing amongst two species
badly attacked by fungus, this Primula (with mauve flowers) is
not attacked. Grows in damp meadow land. Only found in
one locality. In Herb. Edin.

Central Szechwan. Tungngolo. Soulié. No. 1120. 1893.
In Herb. Kew.

N.W. Yunnan. Marsh near A-tun-tsu. 13,000 ft. F.
Kingdon Ward. No. 777. 12th July 1913. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Lat.27°45’N. 12,000ft. G. Forrest. No.10,344. July 1913.
Plant of 6-15 inches. Flowers blue-eye greenish-yellow.
Fragrant. Stony moist pastures. In Herb. Edin.

Pratt appears to have been the first collector to send home
specimens of this plant. It was found later by Wilson and
raised from the seed he collected by Veitch, who introduced it
to horticulture under the name P. sibivica, Jacq. var. chinensis.
It is a great acquisition, one of the freest of growers and seeders,
and it is most floriferous.

Its nearest ally is the widespread Himalayan P. involucrata,
Wall. which has, however, white flowers, and is thus easily
diagnosed. From true P. sibirica, Jacq. both P. Wardii, Balf.
fil. and P. involucrata, Wall. are readily distinguished by the
long appendages to the bracts—these may be almost as long
as the bracts. Were we to accept the most recent technical
description of P. sibirica, Jacq. as given by Pax, we should find
a diagnostic character from P. sibirica, Jacq. in the large ro-lobed

60 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

annulus of P. Wardii, Balf. fil. P. sibirica, Jacq. is said to be
exannulate. But I do not assent to this statement. I am not
yet prepared to deal with P. sibirica, Jacq. as an aggregate type,
because I have not yet had opportunity of seeing the Petrograd
collection in which it must be particularly well represented.
But I have dissected the flower of the true P. sibivica, Jacq. in
such representative specimens as a Dahurian specimen collected
by Losnin and in No. 883 of Roskevitz presented to Edinburgh
by the Petrograd Herbarium, as well as in Karo’s No. 54 from
Dahuria (one of the types of P. szbirica, Jacq. var. brevicalyx,
Trautv. cited by Pax). In allofthem I find an excellent annulus.
I also find the annulus in European specimens—in that, for
instance, collected by Hojman and included in Baenitz Herb.
Europ., and also in Magnier’s No. 2558 from Uleaborg, which
Pax cites as his var. integrifolia, Pax of P. sibirica, Jacq. In
Sir Joseph Hooker’s plant from West Tibet, now in Kew
Herbarium, the annulus is beautifully developed, although
the Flora of Brit. India, iii (1882), 487, says the corolla is “ not
annulate.’’ All this shows that a critical study of the micro-
forms of the aggregate P. sibirica, Jacq. has yet to be
undertaken.

P. Wardit, Balf. fil. is the West Chinese form of the siaohetievs’
and is altogether a different plant from the Himalayan P. involu-
crata, Wall. These two in turn are not the same as the P. sibirica,
Jacq., of the Flora of Brit. Ind., whatever that may be—it is not
the North Siberian form of the species. True P. stbirica, Jacq.
does not occur in the Himalayas, and the Himalayan plants so
named will have to be described under a definite name.

I may add also that a number of Tibetan plants have been
wrongly assigned to P. sibirica, Jacq. and another series of
Tibetan forms has been named in herbaria P. tibetica, Watt, var.
intermedia—being regarded as a passage between P. tibetica, Watt
and P. sibirica, Jacq. But P. tibetica, Watt does not run into
P. sibirica, Jacq. The former is not a dwarf state of the latter.
P. tibetica, Watt is apparently a widely distributed plant in
Tibet, and shows remarkable variations in stature, umbels,
calyx, and corolla. Some of these are so marked in the dried
specimens that it appears to be probable that more knowledge
of the living plants and their relations will warrant segregation
of forms within the type. As we know it at the present moment
P. tibetica, Watt—if phyletically more nearly associated with
the aggregate P. sibivica, Jacq. than with other species,—is a
species easily diagnosed from P. szbirica, Jacq. by obvious char-
acters, of which I have found the following never to fail, whether
in herbarium specimens or living plants :—As anthesis proceeds
the petals gradually reflex and become finally adpressed to the

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 61

side of the calyx, the consequence being that the long style,
projected here far beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, stands
up like a pin rising from the calyx, and in the short-styled flower
the half-exserted anthers form a projecting fringe around the
corolla tube mouth. This is most characteristic. In P. szbirica,
Jacq. so far as I have seen it, the corolla lobes crumple up at
the end of the tube without reflexing, and there is but slight
protrusion of the style. There are other features of the bracts
and the inflorescence which I think will prove to be additionally
diagnostic, but it is too soon to write of them with conviction.

\4 Fp Primula Woodwardii, Balf. fil.

Efarinosa minutissime glanduloso-puberula rhizomate brevi.
Folia at 8 cm. longa ad 1.5 cm. lata crassiuscula subtaeniae-
formia obtusa vel subacuta margine subrevoluta subintegra vel
irregulariter crenulata ciliata supra pallide viridia puberula
subtus albida cellulis aeriferis obtecta costa media prominula
percursa deorsum in petiolum alatum rubrum basi vaginantem
paullo attenuata. Scapus robustus ad 20 cm. altus superne
dense minute glanduloso-puberulus umbellam ad 1o-floram
gerens ; bracteae breves ad 6 mm. longae lineari-lanceolatae
acutae vel acuminatae extus glabrae virides vel purpureo-
punctatae intus virides dense puberulae in pulvinum circularem
involucrantem ad basin concrescentes ; pedicelli validi ad 2 cm.
longi bracteis multo longiores erecti virides dense glanduloso-
puberuli; anthopodium obconoideum conspicuum. Calyx
nigro-purpureus breviter tubulo$us ad 8 mm. longus ultra
medium fissus tubo extus glabro obscure angulato lobis oblongis
obtusis vel subacutis adpressis ciliatis extus glabris vel sparsim
puberulis intus viridibus. Corollae tubus in flore brevistylo ad
1.4 cm. longus calycem duplo superans infra cylindricus et
grosse transverse rugosus ibique extus erubescens glaber supra
ampliatus nigro-purpureus et glanduloso-puberulus intus infra
stamina nitidus glaber viridis supra stamina nigro-purpureus
glanduloso-puberulus, faux annulo puberulo viridi conspicuo
10-lobato lobis deltoideis antipetalis majoribus constricta, limbi
plani discus circ. 1 mm. latus pallidus, lobi oblongo-ovati integri
‘ad x cm. longi ad 8 mm. lati intense cyaneo-purpurei ubique
glanduloso-puberuli subreflexi. Stamina in flore brevistylo
medium tubi corollini versus et supra calycem inserta filamentis
viridibus conspicuis deorsum expansis connectivo stramineo
antherarum apicibus ab annulo circ. 4 mm. remotis. varium
ovoideum ; stylus brevis viridis calyce brevior; stigma magnum
depressum viride lobulato-capitatum.

Species sectionis Nivalis P. purpureae, Royle, subsimilis sed
efarinosa et glanduloso-puberula.

62 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

N.W. China. Kansu, in Northern Peling. Alt. 10,000-
12,000 ft. Fenwick Owen. Raised from seed in April 1914
by R. W. Woodward, jun., Esq., of Arley Castle.

Mr. Woodward has been so kind as to present a living seedling
plant of this species to the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
It has lived through the critical seasonal period of Primula life,
and we may hope therefore to learn more of it when it flowers in
another season.

t the Primula Conference in 1913 I gave some rough
statistics for the purpose of showing the rapid increase during
preceding years in the number of known species of Primula,
and I predicted even more rapid addition in the near future.
The fifty new species described in these pages fulfil the predic-
tion, and I may add that descriptions of as many more will
appear in early forthcoming numbers of these ‘“ Notes.’’ Most
of the species here published we owe to recent exploration of
N.W. China by Forrest, Kingdon Ward, Farrer, and Purdom,
and of Eastern Himalaya by Cooper ; but a considerable number
are an outcome of revision of the rich material gathered by
previous collectors and now preserved in the public Herbaria
at Kew, Calcutta, and Edinburgh. I have to thank the
Director of Kew for the facilities I have had for examining the
Kew collections. To Major Gage, Director of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, I am particularly indebted for his
kindness in lending me for examination the unique series of
specimens of Indian species belonging to the Calcutta Herbarium.
Mr. W. W. Smith’s co-operation has brought to the diagnosis
of Indian species his great knowledge of Indian Primulas de-
rived from observation of the species in the field, and to Mr.
W. G. Craib of Kew I am no less indebted for help and
criticism.

"
L Nr \

Beesia.
A New Genus of Ranunculaceae from Burma and Yunnan.
BY
ProFessor BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R.S.,
AND

W. W. SMITH, M.A.
With Plate CXLVIII.

Beesia, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. Genus novum Ranuncula-
cearum.

Genus ex affinitate Glaucidii &t Hydrastidis ; foliis omnibus
radicalibus cordatis crenatis nec partitis nec lobatis, floribus
racemosis nec solitariis, carpellis solitariis distinguendum.

Herba mediocris rhizomate sympodiali. Folia plura, omnia
radicalia longe petiolata alte cordata. Inflorescentia racemosa
scapo longo nudo suffulta. Involucrum o. Bracteae bracteo-
laeque filiformes. Sepala 4-5, inconspicua alba. Petala o.
Stamina 20-25 filamentis erectis longiusculis antheris minimis.
Carpellum solitarium receptaculo parvo insertum pluriovulatum
ovulis biseriatis suturae ventrali affixis. Fructus oligospermus
maturitate folliculatim dehiscens. Semina ovoidea testa rugo-
sula. Species unica in Burma septentrionali finibus chinensibus
proxima atque in provincia chinensi Yunnan crescens.

Beesia cordata, Balf. fil. et W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Planta herbacea cum inflorescentia circ. 30-40 cm. alta ;
rhizoma longum sat crassum radicibus fibrosis numerosis prae-
ditum apicem versus squamis paucis ovatis vel lanceolatis I-2.5
cm. longis membranaceis cinctum. Folia 3-5, petiolo 15-20 cm.
longo basi paulo dilatato glabro praedita; lamina g-16 cm.
longa, 6-16 cm. lata, cordiformis vel reniformis apice + acumin-
ata vel rotundata basi altius cordata lobis rotundatis approxi-
matis vel + remotis, margine regulariter latiuscule crenata
crenaturis medio indurato-apiculatis, in sicco tenuiter mem-
branacea, utrinque glabra, supra viridis subtus pallidior nervis
5-7 basi arcuatim divergentibus. Scapus solitarius usque ad
40 cm. altus erectus nudus gracilis infra glaber supra minute
[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. XLI, April 1915.]

64 BALFOUR AND SMITH—BEESIA.

dense pubescens. Inflorescentia 10-20 cm. longa racemosa
simplex vel saepius basi ramosa 10—30-flora minute fulvo-
pubescens ; flores singulatim vel 2-4 in cymas_ brevissime
pedunculatas dispositi, pedicellis 5-10 mm. longis suffulti,
bractea 3-8 mm. longa bracteolisque circ. 3 mm. longis_fili-
formibus apice glandulosis praediti. Sepala 4-5, aestivatione
imbricata patentia circ. 4-5 mm. longa medio 2-3 mm. lata
ovato-lanceolata apiculata basi late cuneata exunguiculata
glabra alba. Petalao. Stamina 20-25 erecta calycem aequantia
filamentis gracillimis 4-5 mm. longis antheris minimis 0.5 mm.
longis rimis lateralibus dehiscentibus. Carpellum solitarium
4-5 mm. longum erga basin minute pubescens, forma simili
gruis capiti; stylus circ. 2 mm. longus rectus vel paululo
deflexus, stigmate truncatulo; ovula 8-10 biseriata suturae
ventrali affixa. Folliculus fere maturus circ. 8 mm. longus
(stylo persistente excluso) ab apice dehiscens membranaceus
venis 6-8 oblique transversis notatus. Semina 4 vel plura
+ 1.5 mm. longa ovoidea brunnea rugis oblique transversis,
collari minimo lobatulo circa hilum praedita.

“Northern Burma: below Feng-shui-ling Camp, near
Chino-Burmese frontier. Amongst undergrowth of rain-forest
in deep shade, wet clayey soil at gooo ft. altitude. Flowers
white. June 1914.’ F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1660.

“Yunnan, West China. Plant of 18-20 inches. Flowers
creamy white. Open moist pasture on the margins of thickets
on the Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N
Alt. gooo-ro,o00 ft. Aug. 1914.’’ G. Forrest. No. 12,955.

This new genus is akin to the Japanese genus Glaucidium and
to the Japanese and American Hydrvastis. It differs in the
leaves being all radical, cordate in shape with very regular
crenations but without lobing, in the racemose inflorescence,
and the solitary carpels. The generic name is formed from the
title of the horticultural firm Bees, Ltd., whose enterprise in
the botanical exploration of China, Burma, and the Himalayas
is well known.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLVIII.
Illustrating Professor Bayley Balfour and Mr. W. W. Smith’s paper on Beesia.
‘The plate is taken from a photograph by Mr. Robert M. Adam.)
Prate CXLVIII.—Beesia cordata, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Notes, R.B.G., Epin. Pirate CXLVIII

Leesiicy

‘Seesi a coral la Bath f cf kr tr%.

BEESIA CORDATA, BALF. FIL. ET W. W. SM.

The Two Rust Diseases of the Spruce.
BY

A. W. BORTHWICK, D.Sc.,

Advisory Officer for Forestry to the Board of Agriculture
for Scotland,

AND

MALCOLM WILSON, D-Sc., F.L.S.,
Lecturer in Mycology in the University of Edinburgh.

With Plate CXLIX.

- Chrysomyxa Rhododendri, De Bary. The Spruce Blister
Rust, Rust of Rhododendrons.

Chrysomyxa Rhododendri was first recorded in Britain by
D. A. Boyd in June 1913, who discovered the uredospore and
teleutospore stages on Rhododendron hirsutum at Douglas
Castle, Lanarkshire.

Shortly afterwards, in October 1913, material of the aecidial
stage of the fungus on Picea excelsa was sent for identification
to one of the writers from the south-west of Scotland, and its
discovery was recorded in the Proceedings of the Botanical
Society of Edinburgh in June 1914.*

The life-history of this species was first described in 1879
by De Bary,+ who showed that, the forms previously known as
Aecidium abietinum and Uredo Rhododendri were stages in the
development of one species to which he assigned the present
name.

This species is found frequently in the Alps wherever the
Alpine Rose (Rhododendron hirsutum and R. ferrugineum) occurs.
The yellow clusters of uredospores are developed in September
on the lower surface of the leaves and also on the bark of the

Bd. xxxvii, 1879, p-

* Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xxvi, 1913-14, p. xxxiii.
, ue Bot. Zeit., il 761.
[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. XLI, April 1915.] A

66 BoRTHWICK AND WILSON—Two Rust DISEASES OF SPRUCE.

shoots of the previous year. The uredospores are oval in form
and are produced in chains; they may further propagate the
disease on the Rhododendron. Slightly later the development
of the teleutospores commences, and in the following spring
the sori appear as small dark red cushions on the lower surface
of the leaf.

The teleutospores are formed closely together in groups
covered by the epidermis, and each spore consists of a series
of superimposed cells. A section of a mature sorus is shown
in fig. 1. Immediately before germination the epidermis is
ruptured and the terminal cell of the teleutospore, the only
one capable of germination, gives rise to a four-celled pro-
mycelium, each cell of which produces a sporidium. The
sporidia are set free in June, and if they alight on the young
leaves of the spruce may cause infection. A well-developed
mycelium is produced in the leaf, and the infected area becomes
yellow in colour. In some cases almost the whole of the leaf is
infected, but generally the fungus is confined to certain zones
and the remaining portions retain their normal greencolour. As
a result of infection small yellow spermagonia are first produced,
and these are soon followed by the aecidia. Each aecidial
sorus is surrounded by a long white pseudoperidium which,
in the early stages, completely encloses the spores. The aecidio-
spores are arranged in chains and are produced from the base
of the aecidium ; they are orange-yellow in colour. At maturity
the pseudoperidium breaks down at its apex and allows the
aecidiospores to escape as a powdery orange-yellow mass.
Before dehiscence the pseudoperidium has the form of a cylinder
terminated by a rounded cone and possesses a yellow tint due to
the colour of the enclosed spores. After the spores are shed
the form is that of an open cylinder and the pseudoperidium is
perfectly white. The aecidiospores are distributed by the wind,
and if they alight on the leaves of the Rhododendron are capable
of producing infection.

The material of the aecidial stage of the fungus was obtained
in October, some time after its maturity and the greater part of
the spores had already been shed. An examination showed that
in addition to the aecidia small yellow spermagonia are present.
The number of aecidia present on a leaf varies.

Fig. 2 is from a photograph of a leaf bearing two pseudo-
peridia ; several other aecidia were present, but the pseudo-
peridia surrounding them had fallen away. The pseudoperidium
‘consists of a single layer of thick-walled pitted cells with strongly
verrucose walls (see fig. 3, in which the upper cells are shown in
surface view and the lower in optical section). The aecidio-
spores are subglobose or ellipsoid, usually with a somewhat

eee SF es Se ees Roa st

BORTHWICK AND WILSON—Two Rust DISEASES OF SPRUCE. 67

flattened side, 20-24 x 20-23 mw in size. The wall is strongly
verrucose and pitted except at the flattened portion; fig.
shows a spore in surface view, and fig. 5 one in optical section.
The peculiar flattening of the aecidiospore depends on its
method of development. A number of rows of cells are produced
in the young aecidium, and in each row only every alternate
cell gives rise to a spore. The intermediate cells which do not
produce spores remain thin-walled and at maturity become
gelatinous and almost disappear. The flattened part of the wall
of the aecidiospore is the portion which was originally in contact
with the intermediate cell below it, and, in some cases, the
shrivelled remains of this cell are still attached and may be seen
as a black line when the aecidiospore is seen in optical section
(fig. 5).
In districts where the spruce does not occur it is probable
that the fungus may exist through the winter in the form of
hibernating uredospores, which, in the following spring, can
infect the Rhododendron ; it appears therefore that the presence
of the spruce is not essential to the continued existence of the
fungus. The aecidial stage on the spruce, however, can only
exist where the Rhododendron is present, as the infection of
the needles is only brought about by the sporidia. Since this is
the case, the removal of the Rhododendron will completely
check the disease.

It appears, therefore, that the spread of the disease on the
spruce will be limited in this country since Rhododendron
hirsutum and R. ferrugineum, although frequent in parks and
gardens, are not usually grown in plantations. The fungus
has been found on R. dahuricum, but does not attack R. ponticum,
R. catawbiense, and their hybrids which are so commonly grown.

The effect of the disease on the Rhododendron is not serious ;
on the spruce the diseased needles fall in the summer of infection,
and in severe cases the trees may be almost stripped of foliage.

Chrysomyxa abietis, Wallr. The Needle Rust of the Spruce.

Chrysomyxa abietis was first recorded in Scotland by Somer-
ville,* from Durris near Aberdeen, and, writing in January 1915, 3
the same investigator stated that up to that time he had received
no further reports of its occurrence. A quantity of the fungus
was recently obtained from Aberdeenshire, and in view of the
omission of this species from recent works on British Uredineae
as well as its importance as a disease of the spruce, further in-
quiries as to its distribution in Scotland have been made.

* Quart. Journ. Forestry, vol. v, I91I, p. pig
+ Quart. Journ. Forestry, vol. ix, 1915, P-

68 BoRTHWICK AND WILSON—Two Rust DISEASES OF SPRUCE.

Professor Trail has kindly forwarded the following informa-
tion :—

“It is not more than six or seven years ago that I first
observed Chrysomyxa abietis in Aberdeenshire, and it is probable
that the fungus has only recently made its appearance in the
north of Scotland. I have seen trees attacked by the disease
in the Monymusk and Farland districts. The disease is now
also very common in the spruce woods on the banks of the
Findhorn, where it was first noted some three or four years ago
by Mr. William Watt, Assistant Forester on the Moray estates.
When the infected trees in this locality are standing singly and
foliaged to the ground, only the leaves on the lower branches
are as yet attacked.”’

Mr. P. Leslie, Lecturer in Forestry at the North of Scotland
College of Agriculture, informs us that Chrysomyxa abietis is
stated to be quite common on the Novar estate, Ross-shire.
It is evident, therefore, that the disease is spreading to a con-
siderable extent.

Chrysomyxa abietis, which is widely spread in Switzerland
and Germany, is an autoecious species completing its life-history
on the spruce. It differs from C. Rhododendyi in producing
only one kind of spore, the teleutospore. The hibernating
teleutospores germinate about May and produce sporidia which |
infect the young leaves of the spruce. An abundant intercellular
mycelium is developed in the tissue of the leaf which sends
haustoria into the cell cavities. The hyphae contain numerous
yellow oil-drops, and in consequence yellow bands appear on
the leaf. Soon afterwards teleuto-sori are produced which
take the form of elongated yellow cushions on both the under
surfaces of the leaf (fig. 6). During the winter the sori are
covered, but in the following spring the epidermis is ruptured
and the teleutospores project as an orange-yellow mass (fig. 7).
Each teleutospore is cylindrical and consists of 8-12 superposed
cells of which only the terminal one produces a promycelium
(fig. 8). At about the middle of May the sorus becomes brighter
yellow and the promycelia grow out. Each produces four small
spherical sporidia, which become easily detached and are
distributed by the wind. When the sporidia have been shed,
the sorus loses its bright colour and shortly afterwards the
diseased leaf falls. On coming into contact with the young
needles of the spruce the sporidium produces a germ tube which
bores through the epidermis and so brings about infection.

It frequently happens that certain spruces in a wood remain ©
free from the disease, while others are badly attacked. This
may be explained by the fact that infection of the young leaves
only takes place at a certain stage in their development ; trees

BORTHWICK AND WILSON—Two Rust DISEASES OF SPRUCE. 69

which are in a backward condition when the sporidia are ripe
are not infected, while at the same time others may have passed
the susceptible stage and thus escape the disease.

As a result of the attack the infected leaves die and fall
from the tree, and thus a considerable defoliation may take place.
The disease, however, usually fails to maintain itself through a
long series of years on any one tree and in consequence felling
is not desirable.

In the last issue of the Quarterly Journal of Forestry,* which
we have just received on going to press, Dr. Somerville states
that on April 21st specimens of spruce branches badly attacked
by Chrysomyxa abietis were sent to him by Mr. Neil MacGregor,
Bridge of Dye, Banchory, Kincardineshire. The specimens _
were from trees about twenty years old which were planted
under old larch and Scots pine, and were situated about seven
miles from the nearest part of the Durris Woods, in which Dr.
Somerville discovered the disease in IgII.

We desire to thank Professor Trail and Mr. P. Leslie, M.A.,
B.Sc., who have kindly supplied information as to the distribution
of Chrysomyxa abtetis.

* Quart. Journ. Forestry, ix (1915), 253.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLIX.
Figs. 1-5 refer to Chrysomyxa Rhododendri ; figs. 6-8 to Chrysomyxa
abvetis.

Chrysomyxa Rhododendri.

Fic. 1. Photograph of transverse section of leaf of Rhododendron hirsutum bearing
teleuto-sorus. about 1

e
Sy
9

. Photograph of leaf of Picea excelsa bearing two aecidia. 3-5:
Fic. 3. Part of pseudoperidium ; the upper cells are shown in ieee view, the
; ; ee

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5
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5
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. Aecidiospore seen in surface view. x 960.
. Aecidiospore seen in optical section. x 960.

e
ms
we

Chrysomyxa abietis.
Fic. 6. ricki 8 - leaves of Picea excelsa bearing teleuto-sori. a5
Fic. 7. Photograph of transverse section of leaf of Picea excelsa hocmue two
phe bel 57-
Fic. 8. Two teleutospores. x about 192.

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Vol. IX. [FOR OFFICIAL USE.]

NOAES

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
EDINBURGH.
: FEBRUARY 1916.
CONTENTS.

Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regi.
Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum. (Species -chin-—
enses.) CLI-CCL. . é ; : : Cee 2 |

EDINBURGH:
PRINTED _— mgs AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S ©
ATIONERY OFFICE

+7

Br peeerie CO., LIMITED,
AT BELLEVUE a

DIAGNOSES

Specierum novarum
in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum.

CEI-CCL,

The species described in this series are ;—

. SPECIES CHINENSES :—

Abelia buddleioides, W. W. Sm., p. 75.
Abelia buddleioides, W. W. Sm., var. divergens, W. W. Sm.,

p.
Abelia gracilenta, W. W. Sm., p. 76.
Abelia gracilenta, W. W. Sm., ak microphylla, W. W. Sm.,

Allrutt ey WW. Sm.3 p77,

Anemone Howellii, ge. Jeff, et W. ms oii., p.-76.
Aster Farreri, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff., p. 78.

Aster glarearum , W. W. Sm. et F arrer, 5 70.

Aster limitaneus, wy WN a et Farrer, p. ie
Aster weg wise W. . et Farrer, p.

Berberis Jamesiana, of Foot et W. W. ae , p. 81.
Berberis feneesarpe W. W. Sm., p. 82.
aril...

Buddleia taliensis, W. W. Sm., p. 87.
Buxus microphylla, Sieb. et Zucc., var. rupicola, W. W. Sm.,

Gsianiintha barosma, W. W. Sm., p. 88.
Calamintha miner hid W. Sm., p. 89.
Callianthemum Farreri, W. W. Sm. , p- 90.
Capparis subtenera, " Craib et W. W. Sm. , p- 90.
Ca ap I aris yunnanensis, Craib et W. W. Sm., D. Ot.
Chelonopsis bracteata, W. W. Sm., 2.
Chelonopsis lichiangensis, : W. Sm. pe Oe.

[Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. XLII, February NW. : +
Wt. 183707168. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10.

72

DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Corydalis atuntsuensis, W. W. Sm., p. 97.
Corydalis benecincta, W. W. Sm., p. 98.

oryd ; ;

Corydalis Wardii, W. W. Sm. +e 100.

otinus nana, W. W. Sm., p. I

Cypripedilum Bardolphianum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer, p. 1or.
Cypripedilum Farreri, : W. Sm., p. 102.

Cystacanthus affinis, W. W. Sm., p. 103.

Cystacanthus vieey Oh W. W. Sm., p. 104.

Diospyros dumetorum, W. W. Sm., p. Io

Indigofera calcicola, Craib, p. 108.
Indigofera dumetorum, Craib, P- 109.
inaria yunnanensis, W. W. Sm DP. TIO.

e€ m. pe Tro,

apd, orbicularis, We W. Sm. et J. F. ge P. Try.
Onosma album, W. W. et. J... Jeti

mine cingulatum, W. w Sin. et J. ¥. ee, ee
Onosma Hookeri, Clarke, var. bbetey W. W. ae p. II3.
Onosma oblongifolium /W. W. Soivet 1: Jer. p. 1x3.
Oxyspora Howellii, J. F, Jeff. et W. W. Sm. mapa 4
Passiflora jugorum, W. W. Sm., p. 115.

Pieris bracteata, W. W. Sm

s, W. ;
Plectranthus lecote. W. W. Sm
Pouzolzia elegantula, W. W. Sm. et Ge oa Tet, p. 119.

‘Premna mekongensis, W. W. Sm. Ps 120.

Premna mekongensis, W. W. var. meiophylla, W. W.
Si., p. F206.

Premna yunnanensis, W. W. Sm., p. I

Roscoea Humeana, Balf. f. et W. W. ai p. 122.

Salvia grandifolia, W. W. Sm., p. 123.
Salvia lichiangensis, W. W. Sm., p. 124.
Sedum Farreri, W. W. Sm., p. 125.
Sedum orichalcum, W. W. Sm. > p. 525.
Sedum Purdomii, W. W. Si, p. 226.
Senecio glomeratus, J. F. Jeff., p. 126.
Senecio incisifolius, J. F. Jeff., p. 127.

Senecio palmat isectus, J. F, Jeft., p. 128.
Senincis palmatisectus, J. F. Jeff., var. pubescens, J. F. Jeff.,

Sane santos, J.F. Jeif., p. 129.

Sterculia platanifolia, Linn., “08 major, W. W. Sm., p. 130.
Styrax fukienensis, W. W. Sm. et J. E. “ig ae 130.
Syringa Adamiana, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 131.

Syringa pinetorum, W. W. Sm., p. 132.

SPECIES CHINENSES, 73

Syringa Wardii, W. W. ~

m., p. 137.
Viburnum Dalzielii, W. W. Sm., p. 137.
Viburnum erubescens, Wall., var. _ carnosulum, W. W. Sm.,

p. 136.
VW heraum erubescens, Wall., var. limitaneum, W. W. Sm.,
. 138.

Viburnum flavescens, W. W. Sm., p. 139.
Viburnum odoratissimum, Ker, var. conspersum, W. W. Sm.,

Viburnum propinquum, Hemsl., var. Mairei, W. W. Sm.,

Viburnum thaiyongense W. W. Sm., p. 140.
Vitex yunnane . W. Sm. ie =

Wendlandia sabalpiia, W.W.S

Ypsilandra yunnanensis, W. Ww Sm. ee 7 F. Jeff., p. 143.

The species fall into the following natural orders :--

ACANTHACEAE : Cystacanthus affinis, W. W. Sm., p. 103.
Cystacanthus eae ni W. W. Sm. ,» Pp. 104.
ANACARDIACEAE : Cotinus nana I
BERBERIDEAE : Berberis Jamesiana, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm., p. 81.
erberis leucocarpa, 9 Ps 82.
Be rberis mekongensis, W. W. a + p. 82.
Berberis sublevis, W. W. Sm., p. 83.
BORAGINEAE : Onosma albu m, W. W. Sm. et J. F, ss on 112.

p. II
Onosma oblongifolium, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff., P4135.
CAPPARIDEAE : eco subtenera, Craib et W. W. Sm > p90.
apparis yunnanensis, Craib et W. W. Sm. , p- OI.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE : Abelia buddleioides, W. W. Sm., p. 75.
belia carers W. W. Sm., var, divergens,
W. Sm 6.

W.
Abelia gracilents W. W. Sm., p. 76.
—— gracilenta, W. W. Sm., aes microphylla
eS 77.

2

»P
Lae, Farreri, W: WiSuip tro.

Viburnum adenophorum rum, W. 'W. Sm .s pp £96,
mtn brachybotryum, Hemsl.,, var. tengyueh-.
nse, W. mM... p. 137.
iueena Dalzielii, W. W. Sm. 2. 137.
Viburnum erubescens, Wall., var. carnosulum,.
~. W. Sm, p. 138.

Viburnum erubescens, Wall., var. limitaneum,
W. W. Sin, p: 138.

74 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE: Viburnum flavescens, W. W. Sm., p. 130.
iburnum odoratissimum, Ker, var, conspersum,
W. W. Sm 140.
Sabana propinquum, Hemsl., var. Mairei,

8 140.
Viburnum thaiyongense, W. W. Sm., p. 140.
ComposITaE : Aster Farreri, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff., p. 78.

Senecio glomeratus, a F, Jef., p. 126.
;

28.
Senecio palmatisectus, J. F . Jeti, var. pubescens,
te eff. 7

» P. I29.
Senecio solanifolius, yo 2. Sen, PoteO,
Tanacetum aureoglobosum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer,

Pp. 133.
CRASSULACEAE : Sedum Farreri, W. W. Sm., p. 125.
dum orichalcum, W. W. Sm. Pe 125:
Sedat Purdomii, W. W. Sm. , Po E26.
EBENACEAE : Diospyros dumetorum, W. W. Sm. , p- 104.
EricaceaE : Gaultheria dumicola WwW. W. Sm. Dp. 106.

p. I
EUPHORBIAGHARS Buxus microphylla, Sieb. et Zucc., var. rupicola,
Ww. 8.

GESNERACEAE : Chirita orbicularis, W. W. Sm., p. 94.
Chirita a, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm. , p- 95.
LaBIATAE: Calamintha herein “W. W. Sm., p. 88.
Calamintha euosma, W. W. Sm., "89.
Chelonopsis bracteata, W. W. Sm. > P. 92.
Chelonopsis s lichiangensis, W. W. Sm. ; Dp. 02.
- Chelonopsis rosea 7, Sm
Chelonopsis siccanea, ‘W. W. Sm., p. 04.
Colquhounia compta, W. W. Sm. , p. 96.
Colquhounia mekongensis, W. W. Sm. ; Dx OF:
Dracocephalum Purdomii, W. W. Sm., p. 105.
Plectranthus oresbius, W. W. Sm., p. 118.
Plectranthus tenuifolius, W. W. Sm. , p. 118.
alvia benecincta, W. W. Sm., p. 123.

LecuMINOSAE : Indigofera calcicola, Craib, D. 108.
Indigofera dumetorum, a p. 109.
Litracear : Allium Purdomii, W. W. Sm

Ypsilandra yunnanensis, W. W. ee m. et J} F, [ae ag 143.
LOGANIACEAE : Buddleia Farreri, Balf. f. et W. Ws
Bu i

: p. 87.
ieiuaccars promi Howellii, ae F. Jett - W. W. Sm., p. 114.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 75

OLEACEAE : Fraxinus te autlatas W. Ps Sm., p. 106
yringa Adami a, B

-\ ey » P. 132.
ORCHIDEAE : Kiser: Bardolphianum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer,
p. I
Cypripeditum Farreri, W. W. Sm.,

PASSIFLOREAE : Passiflora jugoru m., p. II5.
RANUNCULACEAE : Anemone Howellii, 3 F, Jeff. et w. W. Sm., p. 78.
ianthemum Farreri, W. W. , p- go.
RUBIACEAE : Wendlandia subalpina, W. W. Sm apt as
ScITAMINEAE : Roscoea Humeana, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 122.
SCROPHULARINEAE : Linaria yunnanensis, W. W. Sm., p. IIo.
STERCULIACEAE: Sterculia platanifolia, Linn., var. ‘major, ws We

Sm., p. 130.
STYRACEAE : Styrax fu kienensis, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jefi., p. 130.
URTICACEAE : Pouzolzia elegantula, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff., p. I19g.
33-

VERBENACEAE : Gmelina montana, W. W. Sm., p. 107.

120.

Premna mekongensis, W. W. Sm. ae meiophylla,
W. W. Sm., p. 120.

Premna yunnanensis, W. W. Sm., p. 120.

Vitex yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. ,p I4I.

(\\ Abelia buddleioides, W. W. Sm. ° Sp. nov.
Species sectionis Zabeliae, Rehder ; pedunculis pedicellisque
- nullis vel subnullis, floribus ad 2.8 cm. longis subcapitatis,
sepalis 5, corolla extus dense reflexo-pilosa inter species alias
illius sectionis conspicua.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus; ramuli graciles juniores pilis setosis
reflexis longiuscule induti virides, annotini cinerei tarde glabre-
scentes. Folia usque ad 3 cm. longa, 5-14 mm. lata, ovato-
lanceolata vel + anguste lanceolata, apice acuta vel subacuta
basi anguste vel late cuneata in petiolum + 2 mm. longum
setosum, in sicco chartacea, margine integra, supra obscure
viridia glabra pilis paucis setosis marginem versus exceptis,
infra pallidiora venis inconspicuis, glabra pilis setosis ad mar-
ginem atque ad costam exceptis. Flores ad ramulorum apices

Wor

76 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

conferti; saepius inferiores 2 superiores 4-6 subcapitati ;
pedunculi pedicellique nulli vel subnulli; bracteae lineari-
subulatae + 4mm. longae. Ovarium 4-5 mm. longum anguste
ovoideum alte sulcatum longiuscule setosum. Sepala 5, linearia,
4-5 mm. longa, vix I mm. lata, setoso-ciliata. Corolla tubuloso-
infundibularis pallido-rosea; tubus cylindricus 2-2.1 cm.
longus, basi circ. 2.5 mm. latus, supra sub ore fere ad 4 mm
(in sicco) latus, extus pilis setosis reflexis dense praeditus, intus
minus dense, lobi subrotundati patentes fere 3 mm. diametro
extus setosi intus puberuli. Stamina inclusa filamentis longius-
cule setosis. Stylus glaber vix exsertus, staminibus longior.
Fructus maturi desunt.

“Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers pale rose. Amongst scrub in
open situations in the mountains of the Chungtien plateau,
Yunnan. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. July 1914.” G.
Forrest. No. 12,636.

\” Var. divergens, W. W.Sm. Var. nov.

Foliis latioribus crassioribus floribus fructibusque minoribus
differt ; structura floris omnino quadrat.

“Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers rose-pink. In open scrub in
the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. July 1913.’’ G. Forrest.

“Shrub of 6-9 ft. In fruit. In open thickets on the
Lichiang Range, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000
ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,290.

Abelia gracilenta, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis A beliae Forrestii, Diels (sub Linnaea) a qua tubi
corollini forma, fructu puberulo nec pilosulo inter alia abunde
discrepat.

Frutex + 2 m. altus; ramuli divaricato-patentes graciles
superne floriferi juniores incano-tomentelli purpureo-tincti,
vetustiores cinerei decorticantes. Folia vulgo + 2 cm. longa,
+ 7 mm. lata, lanceolata apice acuta vel subacuta basi + late
cuneata in petiolum vix I mm. longum, in sicco chartacea,
margine integra, supra obscure viridia infra pallidiora utrinque
glabra vel subglabra, nonnunquam praesertim ad margines hic
illic pilis minimis conspersa; nervi utrinque praeter costam
inconspicui. Flores in axillis solitarii vel raro bini; pedunculi
3-7 mm. longi puberuli bracteis subulatis minimis praediti -
pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi puberuli bracteolis minimis ornati.
Ovarium circ. 7 mm. longum cylindricum puberulum. Sepala
5 lineari-oblonga vel lineari-oblanceolata, 6-7 mm. longa, circ.

4

D

SPECIES CHINENSES. 77

1.5 mm. lata nervosa puberula viridia. Corolla campanulato-
infundibularis pallido-rosea ; tubus circ. 2 cm. longus, dimidio
inferiore anguste cylindricus basi r mm. latus, supra ventricoso-
ampliatus ore fere 1 cm. latus (in sicco), extus pilosulus minute
glandulosus intus sparse pilosulus ; lobi 5 ovati vel subrotundati
+5 mm. diametro utrinque puberuli. Stamina medium limbum
attingentia antheris circ. 2 mm. longis filamentis tubum corol-
linum subaequantibus per omnes partes albido-patenti-pilosulis.
Stylus staminibus paulo longior albido-patenti-pilosulus. Fructus
maturi desunt.

“Shrub of 6-7 ft. Flowers pale rose. Amongst scrub in
open dry situations on the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze
bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Sept.
1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,225.

4
Var. microphylla, W. W.Sm. Var. nov.

Habitu minore, foliis + 1 cm. longis, floribus minoribus
recedens. -

“Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers white. Open dry situations
in the mountains in the N.E. of the Lichiang Range, Yunnan
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 10,310.

“ Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers rose-pink. In open scrub in the
mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 10,348.

4 Allium Purdomii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Rhiziridi ex affinitate A. cyanet, Regel et
A. clathrati, Ledeb.; ab hoc floribus coeruleis, ab illo foliis
filiformibus differt

Planta gracilis. Rhizomatis bulbi anguste cylindrici caule
vix crassiores caespitosi; tunicae exteriores reticulato-fibrosae
adpressae bulbum arcte involventes. Caulis 15-20 cm. altus
folia superans vel subaequans erectus nudus basi foliatus stria-
tulus gracillimus glaber. Folia subtereti-filiformia eis Festucae
ovinae, Linn. forma subsimilia. Umbella pauciflora (+ 7),
laxiflora, spatha albido-scariosa ut videtur univalvi, valva

anguste ovata acuminata circ. 5 mm. longa, pedicellis 7-8 mm.

longis erectis praedita. Perigonii phylla elliptico-oblonga ob-
tusa circ. 4 mm. longa coerulea. Filamenta filiformia peri-
gonio subduplo longiora integerrima. Ovarium trigono-globosum
stylo sien filamenta paulo superante terminatum.

distinct with grassy foliage and blue flowers. Only
ate on Lotus Mountain in the high turf in very shallow soil on

78 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

rock at the end of August 1914; Kansu, West China. Alt.
12,000 ft. Coll. W. Purdom; ipse non vidi.’ Farrer and
Purdom. No. 321.

u\43 Anemone Howellii, J. F. Jeff.et W.W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species foliis longe petiolatis simplicibus ovatis acuminatis
inter congeneres yunnanenses notanda; fortasse ad A. begonii-
foliam, Lévl. appropinquat a qua ex descriptione exigua signis
nonnullis discrepat.

Rhizoma repens sat crassum glabratum nec comosum.
Folia + 5, omnia radicalia, petiolo 8-12 cm. longo sparse albo-
villoso praedita, 5~7.5 cm. longa, 4-5.5 cm. lata, ovata apice
sensim longiuscule acuminata basi alte (fere 2 cm.) cordata ad
quartam vel quintam partem lobatula subregulariter indurato-
apiculato-dentata setosulo-ciliata| membranacea supra - atro-
viridia subsparse adpresse albido-setosa infra glabrata nervis -+
dense adpresse albido-setosis exceptis. Scapus erectus usque
ad 30 cm. altus gracilis infra sparse pilosulus supra sub foliis
inv tibus densius ; folia involucrantia ad basim pedicel-
lorum vix 5 mm. superantia ovata incisa pilosa. Pedicelli 2-3,
usque ad 4 cm. longi, fructu aucti, + pilosi. Flores mediocres
fere 2 cm. “ot Sepala 5, late obovata vel suborbiculata 8-9
mm. diametro utrinque glabra. Stamina + 5 mm. longa
filamentis giabris antheris vix I mm. longis. Achaenia 15-20,
vix matura circ. 2 mm. longa compressiuscula marginibus
incrassata glabra in stylum brevissimum abeuntia.

Neighbourhood of Tengyueh, Yunnan, West China. Howell.
No. IIo.

yr \ Aster Farreri, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.
Species affinis A. Vilmorini, Franch. et A. Delavayi, Franch.
a quibus foliis multo angustioribus inter alia signa differt
Caulis simplex + 45 cm. altus monocephalus infra bene
foliatus pilis longis albidis confervoideis conspersus supra fere
nudus glabrescens vel + sparse pilosulus. Folia inferiora 8—10
laxiuscule approximata, erecta, 10-15 cm. longa (petiolo incluso),
7-10 mm. lata, linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta vel breviter
acuminata, basalia sensim in petiolum alatum - 4 cm. longum
angustata, caulina sessilia semiamplexicaulia omnia margine
integra, utrinque pilis sparsis albidis scaberula; folia suprema
3-4, linearia 3-5 cm. longa. Capitula longe pedunculata ampla
ad 8 cm. diametro (cum ligulis). Involucri phylla wetiinees +
perplurima herbacea linearia longiuscule acuminata -L 1.
longa, exteriora longe albido-pilosa interiora labecyreil
marginibus hyalinis. Ligulae + 100, 2~3-seriatae 3-3-5 cm.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 79

longae 1.5 mm. latae lineares purpureo-caeruleae. Floris
tubulosi corolla 6 mm. longa lutescens extus villosula. Re-
ceptaculum alveolatum. Achaenia (immatura) oblonga obscure
quadrangula 2-3 mm. longa sparse pilosa; pappi_ biseriati
sordide albi setae interiores circ. 6 mm. wi exteriores I mm.
longae.

“Very handsome and sporadic in the higher valley fields
and alps of Tibet, in hay grass along with No. 173, but not
ascending so high. 12th August 1914; East Tibet, near Kansu
frontier.’’ Farrer and Purdom. No. 174.

A beautiful species closely akin to A. Delavayi, Franch.
and A. Vilmorini, Franch. already in cultivation. We have
referred it to Aster rather than to Evigeron to keep it in company
with the allies mentioned. Franchet has pointed out that these
two species form a transition between the two genera.

UWI) Aster glarearum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate A. tongolensis, Franch., habitu simillima,
involucri phyllis atque pappo inter alia divergit ; haud remota ab
A. likiangenst, Franch.

Caulis monocephalus erectus gracilis 12-20 cm. altus basim
versus sat foliosus superne fere nudatus, pilis longiusculis albidis
plus minusve dense praeditus. Folia basilaria et inferiora + 6
approximata circ. 3 cm. longa (petiolo incluso) 5-7 mm. lata,
oblanceolata obtusa in petiolum alatum sensim angustata,
mediana I-2 minora sessilia, superne unum lineare vel nullum ;
omnia supra pilis densis scaberula infra sparsius induta. Capitula
longe pedunculata, ope radiorum circ. 4 cm. lata. Involucri
phylla biseriata herbacea lanceolata acuta 5-7 mm. longa extus
pilis nigris et pilis albidis intermixtis villosa. Ligulae 30-40,
uniseriatae, 1.8 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae purpureo-coeruleae.
Floris tubulosi corolla circ. 6 mm. longa lutea. Achaenia
(immatura) 1.8 mm. longa pilis adpressis albo-sericeis conspersa ;
pappus sordide albus 6 mm. longus, setae exteriores brevissimae.

“High alpine shingles above Siku, 11,000-12,000 it.
21st a 1914; Kansu, West China.” Farrer and Purdom.

oO.

a tees graceful little plant recalling Aster lkiangensts,
Franch., which has been in cultivation and A. tongolensis,
Franch., of which it might easily be taken for a variety.
latter plant, however, has reddish pappus much shorter than the
achene.

Farrer and Purdom No. 492 appears to be a variety of this
species ; it has broader leaves (1-1.5 cm.) and larger capitula
(up to 5 cm. diam.) more densely villous than those of type.

80 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Of it Mr. Farrer says: “ High alpine shingles. Locality for-
gotten. It was considered only a form of No. 131. But these
Asters, all of them, high alpine, alpine, and lowland are infinitely
puzzling.”

‘Aster limitaneus, W. W. Sm. et Farrer. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate A. tongolensis, Franch. involucri phyllis,
acheniis, pappo divergens.

Caulis simplex 25-45 ¢m. altus monocephalus pilis longis
patentibus albis conspersus infra bene foliatus supra subnudus.
Folia radicalia vel subradicalia 6-10, oblanceolata vel sub-
spathulata, 5-8 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel
obtusa basi sensim in petiolum vix discretum alatum attenuata,
caulina 5-6 remota sessilia linearia circ. 2 cm. longa, omnia
margine integra longiuscule albo-ciliata, supra vulgo glabra,
infra ad costam nervosque sparse longiuscule albo-pilosa.
Capitula longe pedunculata ampla ope radiorum 5-6 cm. dia-
metro. Involucri phylla 2—3-seriata perplurima herbacea ob-
longa subacuta 6-8 mm. longa, circ. 1.5 mm. lata, omnia
per marginem totam longiuscule albo-ciliata, caetera glabra
vel subglabra. Ligulae 30-45, circ. 2.5 cm. longae, 2.5 mm.
latae, apice subintegrae, saturate coeruleae. Disci flores 4 mm.
longi, flavi, extus sparse pilosuli. Achaenia (immatura) 2 mm.
longa obovata pilosa. Pappus uniseriatus rigidus inaequalis
I.5-2 mm. longus fulvidus.

“ Beautiful in the high meadows and ridges of Eastern
Tibet, near Kansu frontier, up to 11,000-12,000 ft.: in flower
on the grassy arétes and passes, 7th-21st July 1914.”" Farrer
and Purdom. No. 173.

No. 226 is a variety. ‘‘It replaces No. 131 in the highest
shingles of the Tibetan alps, 12,000-13,000 ft. 14th August
IQI4.’

Of smaller size, but otherwise not far from the typical plant.

WU Yaster sikuensis, W. W. Sm. et Farrer. Sp. nov.

Species habitu foliisque simillima A. holophyilo, Hemsl. a
quo acheniis pappoque multo differt

Caulis fruticulosus ramosus gracilis striatulus bene foliatus
undique molliter breviterque pilosulus:; pars superior tantum
visa ; planta verosimiliter 30 cm. alta vel paulo elatior ; basim
versus defoliatus esse videtur. Folia vix petiolata anguste
oblongo-lanceolata vel subelliptica vulgo + 2 cm. longa, 5 mm.
lata, apice subobtusa apiculata basi late cuneata vel subrotun-
data, chartacea, integerrima, supra atroviridia dense minute
puberula, infra dense cinerascenti-tomentella; costa supra

-—

SPECIES CHINENSES. 81

aulo impressa infra eminens; nervi supra evanidi infra sat
conspicui ; folia superiora minora, suprema linearia. Ramuli
floriferi 10-20 rami apicem versus laxe corymboso-aggregati
3-5 cm. longi, fere recto angulo saepe abeuntes vulgo capitulum
solitarium gerentes, canescenti-puberuli; capitula vix I cm.
alta, diametro circ. 2 cm. Involucri phylla circ. 4-seriata,
interiora 4-5 mm. longa lanceolata marginibus hyalina apice
villosa obtusa vel subacuta, exteriora 2-3 mm. longa ovata
dorso canescentia apice roseo-rubro-tincta. Receptaculum
planum alveolatum. Flores ligulati fere 2 cm. longi, 1.5 mm.
lati. Flores tubulosi 4-5 mm. longi, medio tubo subito ampliati
glabrescentes. Achaenia (immatura) 1.5 mm. longa o
lata anguste ovata paulo complanata pilosa ; pappus uniseriatus
3-4 mm. longus sordide albus.

“Stony places and hot banks about Siku, Kansu, Western
China. October 1914.’’ Farrer and Purdom. No. 456

Berberis Jamesiana, G. Forrest et W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis B. Franctsci-Ferdinandi, Schneider sectionis
Tinctoriarum ; foliis obovatis vel oblanceolatis saepius integris
utrinque dense papillosis recedit.

rutex ad 2 m. altus; ramuli juniores striato-sulcati minute
verruculosi glabri laete rubri, vetustiores diu rubridi; spinae
plerumque simplices ad 2.5 cm. longae rubridae. Folia 2-6-
fasciculata, plerumque 3-4 cm. longa, + 2 cm. lata, obovata
vel late oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima saepe
breviter apiculata, basi in petiolum + 5 mm. longum sensim
attenuata, margine integra vel dentibus minutis spinoso-denticu-
lata, coriacea utrinque epilosa, utrinque dense papillosa, utrinque
anguste et distincte elevato-reticulata, supra vix nitentia infra
pallidiora opaca. Inflorescentiae racemosae usque ad I0 cm.
longae (pedunculo nudo ad 2 cm. longo incluso) + 20-florae
glabrae ; pedicelli + 1 cm. longi; flores desunt. Fructus
subglobosi in sicco circ. I cm. diametro stigmatibus sessilibus,
laete scarlatini. Semina plerumque duo.

“Spinous shrub of 5 ft. In fruit. Fruits bright scarlet.
Open situations amongst rocks on the mountains in the N.E. of
the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 it.
October 1913.’ G. Forrest. No. 11,474.

«Shrub of 6 ft. In fruit. Fruits purplish? drying pink!
Open stony pasture in the mountains of the Chungtien plateau,
Yunnan. 27° 55' N. Alt. 11,000 ft. July 1973.’
Forrest. No. 10,633-

“Shrub of 4-6 ft. In fruit. Fruits bright red. Open
situations amongst scrub on the Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan.

ad

82 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Lat. 28° ro’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. - Oct. rorq.”” G. Forrest. No.
13,566

In No. 10,633 the fruits are scarcely mature ; in No. 13,566
the leaves are larger than in the type-plant No. 11,474 and,
while some are obovate and oblanceolate, others are elliptic to
nearly orbicular. The plant is dedicated to a brother of the
collector.

639 Berberis leucocarpa, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis B. Jamesianae, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm. a
qua foliis multo minus coriaceis, nervatione diversa, fructibus
ex collectore albis divergit.

Frutex 2-3 m. altus; ramuli juniores subteretes graciles
distincte verruculosi glabri laete rubri; spinae simplices vel
trifidae ad 2.5 cm. longae rubridae. Folia 2~—5-fasciculata,
plerumque 4-8 cm. longa petiolo I-1.5 cm. incluso, 2-3 cm.
lata, obovata vel subelliptica, apice rotundata vel obtusissima
saepius breviter apiculata, basi in petiolum sensim attenuata,
margine dentibus minutis crebre spinoso-denticulata, tenuiter
coriacea, utrinque epilosa papillosa, supra viridia haud nitentia
nervis paululo elevatis subdistinctis, infra pallidiora nervis
elevatis distinctis. Inflorescentiae racemosae usque ad I2 cm.
longae (pedunculo nudo 3-5 cm. longo incluso) + 20-florae
glabrae ; pedicelli + rz cm. longi; flores desunt. Fructus
elliptico-globosi circ. I cm. longi, 7-8 mm. lati, stigmatibus
een albi. Semina plerumque duo.

b of 6-8 ft. In fruit. Fruits white. Open scrub
and Fasied rocks on the Mekong-Yangtze divide, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. rz,000 ft. July 1914.” G. Forrest. No.
12,855.
Distinguished from the preceding species by the less coriaceous
leaves and the white fruit ; the habit, form of inflorescence, and
the red shoots are very similar.

10 Berberis mekongensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.
Species affinis B. brachypodae, Maxim. et B. dasystachyae,
Maxim. a quibus foliis subsessilibus inter alia facile dignoscitur.
Frutex circ. 2 m. altus; ramuli vetustiores striato-sulcati
minute verruculosi glabri cinerei; spinae trifidae robustae ad
2.5cm.longae. Folia (ramulorum fructiferorum) ad 7-8-fascicu-
lata, petiolo brevissimo vix 1 mm. longo suffulta, vulgo 2-3 cm.
longa, 1.2-1.7 cm. lata, obovata apice rotundata basi late cuneata,
margine spinoso-dentata spinis subapproximatis 1 mm. haud
rantibus, nonnunquam subintegra, siccitate membranacea,
utrinque fere concoloria, vix nitentia, supra nervis obscurioribus

SPECIES CHINENSES. 83

infra laxe reticulatis. Inflorescentiae racemosae + 15-florae,
fructu circ. 3 cm. longae, glabrae vel minute puberulae ; pedicelli
5-Io mm. longi; flores desunt. Fructus ovali-oblongi + 8 mm.
longi, -+ 4 mm. lati, stigmatibus sessilibus ; semina I-2. ~

‘‘ Spinous shrub of 6 ft. In fruit. Open situations amongst
scrub on the Bei Ma Shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide, Yunnan.
Lat. 28° 20’ N._ Alt. 12,000 ft. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest. No.
13,204.

A species of the section Vulgares, Schneider, closely allied to
the Kansu species B. brachypoda, Maxim. and B. dasystachya,
Maxim. from which it is separated by the almost sessile
leaves. The thick shoots are densely covered with the racemes
of fruit.

53% Berberis sublevis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Wallichianae, Schneider, affinis B. levi,
Franch. a qua foliis lineari-lanceolatis tenuiter coriaceis subtus
haud enerviis inter alia recedit.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus ; ramuli juniores striato-sulcati, minute
verruculosi glabri cinerei; spinae trifidae robustae ad 3 cm.
longae. Folia 1-6-fasciculata, 5-7 cm. longa, I-1.5 cm. lata,
lineari-lanceolata, apice acuta spinoso-mucronata, basi in peti-
olum brevissimum cuneata, margine regulariter crebre spinoso-
serrata, tenuiter coriacea, facie superiore hypodermate pertinente
haud instructa, supra nitentia (nonnunquam obscure) subtus
pallidiora nitentia nervis bene reticulatis paululo elevatis.
Flores + 12-fasciculati, saepe pauciores mediocres flavi ; pedicelli
graciles + 2 cm. longi; prophylla triangulari-lanceolata.
Sepala externa triangulari-ovata vix 1.5 mm. longa, interna
late ovata -- 2 mm. longa. Petala late obovata apice emar-
ginata basi breviter unguiculata nectariis elongatis praedita
circ. 7 mm. longa. Ovaria ovulo solitario instructa. Fructus
6-7 mm. longi circ. 3.5 mm. lati elliptici saturate rubri stylis
brevissimis.

‘Spinous shrub of 5 ft. Flowers deep yellow. Open
scrub on hills west of Tengyueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. t.
6000 ft. Feb. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9559.

‘‘ Spinous shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers yellow. Open scrub on
hills to north-west of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 7000 ft.
Feb. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9693.

‘ Spinous shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers yellow, tinged red on
exterior, amongst scrub on hills to the south of Tengyueh.
Lat. 25° N. Feb. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9560.

‘“Spinous shrub of 3-5 ft. In fruit. Fruits deep red.
Amongst scrub in side valleys in the hills to the east of

4

84 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Tengyueh. Lat.25°N. Alt.6o000ft. Mayt19z3.’”’ G. Forrest.
No. 7621.

“Spinous shrub of 3-6 ft. In fruit. Fruit red. Open
situations in and on the margins of pine forests in the hills to the
west of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. Aug. 1912.”
G. Forrest. No. 8635. .

“Spinous shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers dull olive-yellow.
Margins of pine forests and amongst scrub in the hills around
Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. March 1914.”
Forrest. No. 12,108.

This species is allied to B. levis, Franch. from which it is
readily distinguished by the characters of the leaves—linear-
lanceolate, thinly coriaceous, and with the secondary nerves on
the under side distinctly visible.

Buddleia Farreri, Balf. f. et W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species distinctissima ex affinitate B. agathosmatis, Diels ;
foliis hastatis subtus niveo-tomentosis, inflorescentiis late
paniculatis quam folia praecocioribus inter alia conspicua.

Frutex ex collectore 1-2 m. altus ramis teretiusculis tomento
stellato denso mollissimo detersili niveo indutis, sub tomento
brunneis multistriatulis. Folia opposita petiolo 1-2 cm. longo
dense niveo-tomentoso praedita, superiora (cetera non visa)
6-12 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, ovato-oblonga, apice breviter
acuminata vel acuta vel obtusiuscula, basi hastata vel breviter
truncato-cordata, chartacea margine grosse dentata dentibus
magnis parvisque subregulariter alternantibus, supra primo
dense niveo-tomentosa mox subglabrescentia grisea bene reticu-
lata nervis 6-10 paribus nervulisque impressis, subtus dense
stellato-niveo-tomentosa nervis paulo elevatis. Inflorescentiae
late paniculatae, usque ad 20 cm. longae, ad 15 cm. latae,
ramulis inferioribus fere recto angulo abeuntibus omnibus dense
niveo-tomentosis, cymulis apices ramulorum versus approxi-
matis -+ 12-floris, pedunculis ultimis pedicellisque brevissimis,
bracteis basim cymularum versus raris linearibus 5-10 mm.
longis niveo-tomentosis, floribus subcapitatis. Calyx tubulosus
circ. 4 mm. longus tubo corollae adpressus, extus dense niveo-
stellato-tomentosus, intus glaber dentibus 1 mm. longis oblongis
obtusis. Corollae tubus circ. 8 mm. longus circ. 1.5 mm. latus
glaber ; lobi rotundati 1.5-2 mm. diametro. Stamina medio
tubo inserta. Ovarium circ. 2 mm. longum infra glabrum supra
albo-tomentellum ; stylus circ. 3 mm. longus. Fructus deest.

“This noble bush of 4-6 ft., with ample boughs of huge
flannelly foliage, hugs only the very hottest and driest crevices,
cliffs, walls, and banks down the most arid and torrid aspects

SPECIES CHINENSES. 85

of the Ha Shiu fang (about Siku), and the baking stony defiles
of the Feng S’an Ling (S. side). It does not range northward,
and the flowering specimen was gathered from a strange outlying
colony at the edge of subalpine coppice below Chago, in the
Satanee Valley on 8th May. These magnificent thyrses appear
before the leaves, which afterwards unfold to hide all trace of
them: they suggest a glorified Veronica Hulkeana on a big scale,
and have the most delicious scent of raspberry ice. Kansu,
West China.” Farrer and Purdom. No. 44 in Herb. Edin.

This should prove a very decided acquisition to horticulture.
The leaves are very beautiful, and with the ample inflorescences
justify Mr. Farrer’s description of this plant as a noble bush.
The foliage suggests to us an affinity with B. agathosma, Diels,
but the relationship is not close.

4 Buddleia glabrescens, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species habitu similis B. Davidii, Franch. a qua aliisque
affinibus foliis -_ remote dentatis calyce glabro vel subglabro
inter alia signa dignoscitur ; a B. albifiora, Hemsl. foliis subses-
silibus inflorescentia valde diversa floribus multo majoribus
differt.

Frutex ramosus 1-3 m. altus ramis robustis quadrangulatis
vel subquadrangulatis primo sparse fulvo-tomentellis vel fulvo-
pilosulis vel subglabris, omnibus cito glabris vel glabrescentibus.
Folia opposita petiolo brevissimo vix I mm. longo suffulta vel
subsessilia, vulgo 5-6 cm. longa, 2-2.5 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata
vel ovata, apice longiuscule acuminata vel acuta, basi plus
minusve late cuneata, integra vel remote sinuato-denticulata
vel dentata, in sicco membranacea, suprd nunc sparse fulvo-
tomentosa nunc sparse pilosula infra nunc dense fulvo-tomentosa
nunc sparse pilosula minute glandulosa; nervi 5-6-paria in
foliis glabrioribus satis conspicui. Inflorescentiae amplae ;
ramuli superiores elongati foliosi inflorescentia + 12 cm. longa
+ 5 cm. lata effusa terminati (cf. specimina sub n. 12,753) ;
ramuli inferiores breves inflorescentia magis compacta + 6 cm.
longa + 4cm. lata onusti (cf. sub n. 12,433) ; cymulae pluriflorae
pedunculis + I cm. longis tomentellis vel subglabris suffultae ;
bracteae bracteolaeque lineares vel subulatae ; pedicelli 2-4 mm.
longi graciles glabri vel sparse pilosi. Calyx anguste tubulosus
circ. 4 mm. longus tubo corollae adpréssus, extus viridis inter-
vallis subscariosis glaber vel raro pilis paucis praeditus, nunquam
tomentosus, intus glaber, dentibus 1 mm. longis subulatis.
Corollae saturate coeruléo-lavendulaceae tubus 9-10 mm.
longus cire. I.5 mm. latus, extus parte inferiore glaber supra
albido-tomentellus glandulis nitentibus conspersus, intus albido-
pilosulus ; lobi rotundati circ. 3 mm. diametro extus tomentelli

\(89

86 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

glandulosi intus subglabri. Stamina paulo supra medium
tubum inserta. Ovarium glabrum. Fructus anguste ovoideus
circ. 4 mm. longus.

“Shrub of 4-9 ft. Flowers very deep blue-lavender, throat and
tube tinged rose, fragrant. Open situations amongst scrub at
the north end of the Chien-Chuan Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 27°N.
Alt. 8000—go00 ft. May 1914.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12,433.

“On the Chungtien plateau, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 30’ N.
Alt. 10,000 ft. July 1914.” G. Forvest. - No. 12,753.

Buddleia limitanea, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis B. Forrestit, Diels a qua foliis tenuiter mem-
branaceis subtus tomentello parcissimo fere obsoleto praeditis,
inflorescentiis laxis, cymis paucifloris, calyce corollaque multo
minus pilosis recedit.

Frutex I-2 m. altus ramulis gracilibus subteretibus infra
glabris supra + sparse stellato-pilosulis vel glabrescentibus.
Folia superiora petiolo 2-5 mm. longo suffulta, 6-12 cm. longa,
2-3 cm. lata, lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice acuminata
vel raro paulum rotundata, basi cuneatim attenuata, margine
crebre serratula serraturis calloso-apiculatis, in sicco tenuiter
membranacea, supra viridia sparse scabridule puberula, subtus
subolivacea tomentello exiguo vel fere deficiente praedita.
Inflorescentiae laxae e cymis pedunculatis 1-3-floris compositae
5-7 cm. longae primo tomentellae mox glabrescentes. Flores
pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis sparse pilosis suffulti rosei (?) Calycis
4—5 mm. longi tubus glaber vel subglaber ad trientem in dentes
triangulares sinu lato separatos apice + recurvos subcalloso-
apiculatos divisus. Corolla circ. I cm. longa ; tubus 3-3.5 mm.
latus, extra glaber vel parce pilosus intus pilosus, lobi cire. 2.5
mm. diametro pilosuli vel glabrescentes. Stamina ad medium
tubum affixa. Ovarium glabrum + 3 mm. longum stylo clavato
ad 4 mm. longo. Fructus maturus circ. I cm. longus glaber
venulis sub lente conspicuis.

“ Shrub of 3-4 ft. In fruit. Open scrub on the western
flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 20’ N.
Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Aug. 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 8962.

“‘ Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers pinkish. Half shade on granite
hills, Hpimaw, Northern Burma, g000-10,000 ft. Aug. 1914.”
Kingdon Ward. No. 1867.

The Northern Burma plant I take to be the same as the Yun-
nan specimen which is in fruit. The species is closely allied to
B. Forrestii, Diels, which is very distinct from all previously
described species of this genus. The new species is a smaller
weaker plant with thin leaves ee ieee tomentum, and with
a lax and per tories inflorescen

©

SPECIES CHINENSES. 87

Buddleia Purdomii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

_ Species valde affinis B. nanae, W. W. Sm., speciei yunnanensi,
habitu simillima, foliis obtusioribus utrinque dense tomentellis,
bracteis numerosis cymulas amplectantibus, bracteolis linearibus,
floribus majoribus recedit.

Fruticulus ramosus ramulis gracillimis teretiusculis primo
albido-tomentellis mox pro maxima parte glabrescentibus.
Folia opposita breviter (ad 2-3 mm.) petiolata, plerumque
1.5-2 em. longa, 5—6 mm. lata, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata
obtusa vel subrotundata integra supra obscure viridia dense
minute stellato-tomentella, nervis obscuris, infra dense albido-
vel fulvido-tomentosa nervis 4—5-paribus paulo elevatis con-
spicuis. Inflorescentiae ramulos terminantes 6-15-florae ; pedun-
culi pedicelliqug brevissimi; flores subcapitati ; eee (folia
floralia) basim cymularum obtegentes numerosae ad cm.
longae lineares dense fulvido-tomentosae ; bracteolae nae
similes sed multo minores sub calycibus insertae. Calyx
tubulosus circ. 7 mm. longus tubo corollae adpressus extus dense
fulvido-stellato-tomentosus intus glaber dentibus 2.5 mm.
longis anguste lanceolatis acutis. Corollae tubus II-I12 mm.
longus, circ. 2 mm. latus, extus dense albido-stellato-tomentosus
intus longiuscule albo-pilosus; lobi rotundati circ. 3
diametro extus + tomentosi intus glabri. Stamina medio
tubo inserta. Ovarium circ. 1.5 mm. longum supra albo-
pilosulum stylo ovarium aequante. Fructus deest.

“Common on very steep and torrid cliffs and banks of the
most torrid loéss region about Kiai chow: descending along
the burning walls of the Hei Shui fang, but not extending to
Siku. FI. April29.” Kansu, West China. Farrer and Purdom.
No. 14 in Herb. Edin.

This Kansu species closely resembles in habit the Yunnan
species B. nana, W. W. Sm. — The strong development of bracts
and bracteoles is noteworthy.

Buddleia taliensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ‘valde affinis Buddleiae Forrestit, Diels a qua calyce
dense stellato-tomentoso, dentibus multo brevioribus, ovario
parte superiore — tomentoso, fructu supra tomentoso
differt

Frutex 2-3 m. altus ramulis subteretibus primo incano-
tomentellis deinde glabrescentibus rubidis. Folia superiora
petiolo 5-10 mm. longo tomentello suffulta, 9-16 cm. face
2-4 em. lata, lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, mar-
gine crebre serrulata serraturis calloso-apiculatis, acta,
supra pallido-viridia -_ tomentella, subtus dense cinnamomeo-

B

88 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM

tomentosa. Inflorescentiae thyrsoideae densiflorae e cymis
pedunculatis compositae 4-5 cm. longae rhachi primo dense
incano-tomentosa. Flores castaneo-fusci pedicellis 2-3 mm.
longis sparse pilosis praediti. Calycis circ. 3 mm. longi tubus
dense stellato-tomentosus, dentes + I mm. longicalloso-apiculati.
Corolla circ. 1.1 cm. longa; tubus circ. 3 mm. latus, extra
parte mediana +, glaber, apicem versus pilosus, intus medio
dense pilosus, lobi circ. 2.5 mm. diametro extra pilosi intus
glabri. Stamina paulo supra medium tubum affixa. Ovarium
infra glabrum supra dense albo-tomentosum + 2 mm. longum
stylo ad 4 mm. longo. Fructus vix maturus + 5 mm. longus
dimidio superiore albo-tomentosus.

“Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers deep maroon-crimson. In
open Scrub on the western flank of the Tali Range, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° 40’ N. . Alt. 9000 ft. ‘Aug. 1913 G. Forrest.
No. II, be

Closely akin to Buddleia Forrestii, Diels, but differing in the
tomentose ovary and fruit. The pilosity of leaf, calyx, and
ovary is at times a very uncertain character in the genus Budd-
leia; the three species, Forrestii, limitanea, and taliensis, are
easily separable from the characters given, yet they form a very
closely allied series and intermediates between them may yet
be found.

% Buxus microphylla, Sieb. et Zucc., var. rupicola, W. W. Sm.
Var. nov.

Fruticulus + I m. altus ramulis densissime fulvido-pilosulis.
Folia lanceolata, apice obtusa haud emarginata, I-1.5 cm. longa,
4-6 mm. lata, pallido-viridia supra opaca haud nitida minute
furfuracea vel pilosula tandem glabra, subtus ad costam pilosula
vel glabrata, margine juventute minute ciliolata, utrinque
nervis siccitate obscuris ; petioli densissime pilosull.

“Shrub of 2-3 ft. ‘Open situations amongst rocks on the
Kari Pass, Mekong- Yangtze divide, Yunnan. ne on as
Alt. 12,000 ft. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 13,0

This differs from the other varieties of B. ae in the
densely pilose branchlets and small lanceolate leaves ; the leaf
surfaces are dull and not shining, and the veins obscure on both
sides.

aA a5 Calamintha barosma, W. W. Sm.

Species ex affinitate C. ongicaulis, Benth. a qua ex descrip-
tione foliis pig glabrescentibus, verticillastris 1~2-floris,
calyce epiloso diffe

Planta diffusa ie basi suffruticosa. Caules decum-

W140

SPECIES CHINENSES. 89

bentes vel subdecumbentes flexiles filiformes 20-40 cm. longi
ramosi -+ dense albo-pilosuli. Folia 4-6 mm. longa, 2-3 mm.
lata, lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice obtusiuscula, basi in
petiolum pilosulum vel glabratum + I mm. longum cuneata,
integerrima, utrinque epilosa vel (in eodem specimine) pilosula.
Inflorescentia terminalis spiciformis gracilis ex verticillastris
3-7 approximatis vulgo 1-2-floris composita 3-5 cm. longa ;
bracteae foliis similes; bracteolae lineares + 2 mm. longae
pedicellos pilosulos subaequantes. Calyx tubulosus circ. 9 mm.
longus dentibus linearibus + 1 mm. longis subaequalibus rectis
praeditus 13-nervius epilosus nisi ad angulos dentium longiuscule
albo-pilosos, nitenti-glandulosus. Corolla circ. 1.7 cm. longa
laete rosea; tubus rectus longiuscule exsertus circ. 1.4 cm.
longus extus dense albo-pilosulus intus sparse pilosulus ; limbus
bilabiatus labio postico emarginato, antico 3-fido lobis sub-
aequalibus. Stamina vix exserta. :

“ Shrubby tufted plant of 9-15 inches. Powerfully aromatic.
Flowers bright rose. Stony pasture and on ledges of limestone
cliffs on the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Tat. 27° 45 N. Alt. 12,000 ft: July 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 10,371. 3

Also cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
where it flowered September 1915.

This species is very different from any Chinese Calamintha
and appears to be closely akin to the Nepalese C. longicaulis,
Benth. which I have not seen. Like the latter, it has a calyx
with subequal teeth; this and the entire leaves bring it near
to the genus Micromerta.

Calamintha euosma, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis C. barosmati, W. W. Sm., fortasse
varietas rectius aestimanda sed foliis majoribus obscure crenu-
latis, inflorescentiis laxioribus, cymulis plerumque 3-5-floris
longiuscule pedunculatis, calyce extus patenti-pilosulo, dentibus
haud aequalibus, corolla minore, tubo calycem paululo superante
recedit. in

Planta multicaulis basi lignosa habitu speciei supra citatae.
Caules 15-30 cm. longi. Folia ad 2 cm. longa, ad 1.2 cm. lata,
ovata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi in petiolum pilosulum |
+ 3 mm. longum cuneata, obscure remote crenulata, utrinque
glabrata. Inflorescentia terminalis ex verticillastris 3-7 subre-
motis plerumque 3-5-floris composita ; cymulae pedunculis +
1 cm. longis glanduloso-pilosis suffultae ; bracteae bracteolaeque
speciei praecedentis. Calyx tubulosus 4-6 mm. longus dentibus
linearibus + x mm. longis inaequalibus praeditus I3-nervius
glanduloso-pilosulus, ad angulos dentium longiuscule albo-

90 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOvVARUM.

pilosus. Corolla + 1 cm. longa saturate rosea; tubus rectus
paululo exsertus ; caeterum speciei praecedenti subsimilis.

“ Tufted shrubby plant of 6-12 inches. Strongly aromatic.
Flowers deep rose. Open limy pasture in the mountains in the
N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,574.

Closely akin to the preceding species, but with several points
of divergence—larger obscurely crenulate leaves, laxer inflore-
scence, peduncled cymes usually 3-—5-flowered, pilose smaller
calyx with unequal teeth and a smaller corolla

Callianthemum Farreri, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species nana affinis C. coriandrifolio, Reichb. a quo foliis
omnibus radicalibus petalis caeruleis inter alia signa recedit.

Rhizoma horizontale vel obliquum, Caulis solitarius tempore
florendi 4-5 cm. altus, simplex uniflorus folia longe superans.
Folia sub anthesin vix explicata omnia radicalia, plerumque
duo, petiolo circ. t cm. longo vagina lata praedito suffulta ;
lamina ambitu ovata glabra + I cm. longa, vix I cm. lata
bipinnata pinnarum paribus. 2 et extrema pinna impari;
pinnulae late cuneatae trilobatae segmentis ultimis oblanceolatis
obtusis. Flos 2.5-3 cm. diametro caeruleus. Sepala 5 fere
I cm. longa obovata vel suborbicularia, siccitate pallido-viridia
vel albida. Petala 8-9, anguste obovata vel oblanceolata circ.
1.5 cm. longa ad 6 mm. lata haud emarginata lineis purpureis
bene notata. Carpella + 12 glabra. Fructus desunt.

“On cool peaty ledges of the Satanee range, 8000-10,000 ft.
Flowers 6th-15th May. Probably the same species abounds in
the high fine shingles of the Bei Ling and Thundercrown ;
Kansu, West China.’’ Farrer and Purdom. No. 70

A beautiful dwarf species akin to Callianthemum coriandri-

folium, Reichb. and its Asiatic allies.

‘Capparis subtenera, Craib et W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. tenerae, Dalz. sub qua antehac planta
posita est sed foliis majoribus crassioribus primo furfuraceo-
puberulis nec glabris, aculeis variabilibus rectis vel apice paululo
decurvatis nunquam omnino decurvis, floribus numerosioribus
multo majoribus supra axillam quamque usque ad 5 enatis,
vario breyiter apiculato recedit ; C. disticha, Kurz quae est
affinis potius ad C. teneram, Dalz. quoad flores spinasque spectat.

Frutex 2-10 m. altus semiscandens ramulis primo minute
puberulis tandem glabrescentibus. Folia 4-12 cm. longa,
2-5 em. lata, ovato-oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata vel lanceolata,
apice sega vel acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi

ain)

SPECIES CHINENSES. gI

rotundata vel late cuneata, integra papyracea utrinque primo
furfuraceo-puberula, tandem glabra ; petiol + 1 cm. longi.
Aculei 2-3 mm. longi recti vel apice paululo decurvati. Flores
supra-axillares, plerumque 355 superpositi pedicellis 1.5-2 cm.
longis puberulis suffulti. Sepala 4, circ. 7 mm. longa, + 3mm.
lata, elliptica puberula, tandem deflexa. Petala 1-1.2 cm.
longa, + 3 mm. lata, lineari- -oblonga obtusa + tomentella.
Stamina circ. 16 fere 3 cm. longa. Gynophorum circ. 3 cm,
longum filiforme. Ovyarium + 1.5 mm. longum ovoideum
breviter apiculatum glabrum. Bacca globosa + I cm. diametro
nigra vulgo + 8-seminifera. Capparis tenera, Diels vix Dalz.
in Notes R.B.G. Edin., v (1912), 90.

China :—‘‘ Semi-scandent spinous shrub of 10-20 ft. Flowers
transparent purplish-white. On trees in shady open situa-
tions in the Teng-chuan-cho Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 26° N. Alt.
7000 ft. April 1906.” G. Forrest. No. 2028.

‘Shrub of 6-18 ft. Flowers dull transparent lavender-grey.
Amongst scrub on lava-bed to west of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N.
Alt. 5000 ft. May 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 7589.

“‘ Shrub of 4-15 ft. In fruit. Amongst scrub in the Shweli
Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000-6000 ft. June-July
1912. G. Forrest. Nos. 8077, 8593.

‘“‘ Shrub of 6-15 ft. Flowers dull bluey-grey. Open pasture
and in thickets on the hills west of Tengyueh. Lat.25°N. Alt.
5000-6000 ft. March 1g13.’’ G. Forrest. No. 9721.

Chiyuan, Yunnan; shrub 10 ft., white flowers. Henry.
No. g124B. ae seals

Mengtze woods, 4600 ft.; shrub 5-10 ft.; black fruit.
Henry. No. 91244. Also Henry, No. 9124C, white flowers.

Valley of Lan-ngi-tsin, Yunnan; large spiny shrub with
branches, spines, and persistent leaves of a shining green. E. E.
Maire. No.168in Herb. Edin. Also Maire, Nos. 106, 593, I 1708.

Burma :—‘ Shrub of 20-30 ft. Flowers dull, transparent
white. Open situations in the Taping Valley. Lat. 24° 20’ N.
Alt. 2000 ft. Feb. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9654.

Capparis yunnanensis, Craib et W. W. Sm. 5p. nov.

Species affinis C. Roxburghii, DC. quae alabastris glabris
inter alia differt; a C. formosana, Hemsl. et C. Cleghornit,
Dunn foliis diversis et floribus majoribus recedit.

Frutex alte scandens (ex Henry) ramulis dense fulvo-tomen-
tellis. Folia (superiora tantum visa) usque ad 10 cm. longa, ad 5
cm. lata, elliptico-lanceolata, apice rotundata vel + obtusa, basi
rotundata vel late cuneata, integra papyracea, utrinque parcis-
sime puberula siccitate supra atroviridia nervis obscuris, infra
brunnea nervis oo paulo eminentibus + conspicuis ;

af x)
yr

g2 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

petioli + x cm. longi fulvo-tomentelli: aculei (saltem in scheda
nostra) desunt. . Inflorescentiae terminales atque axillares ;
corymbi pedunculis 5-6 cm. longis tomentellis suffulti 4~7-flori ;
flores inter majores pedicellis 2-4 cm. longis tomentellis praediti.
Sepala 4, orbicularia, 1.5-1.7 cm. diametro, extra dense minute

_fulvo-tomentella. Petala late obovata fere 2 cm. longa, apicem

versus circ. 1.5 cm. lata, intus tomentella. Stamina plurima.
Gynophorum 3-3.5 cm. longum glabrum. Ovarium + 3 im.
longum ovoideum breviter apiculatum glabrum. Fructus deest.
C. Roxburghii, Dunn,vixDC. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Xxix (IgII), 426.

Szemao, Yunnan, S.W. forests, at 4000 ft. ; large climber.
A. Henry. No. 12,986.

Chelonopsis bracteata, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. lichiangensi, W. W. Sm. : quoad habitum
foliaque valde appropinquat, quoad bracteas conspicuas, calycem,
corollam distincte divergit.

Fruticulus 2-3 m. altus. Rami robusti patenti-setosi atque
glanduloso-pilosuli. Folia petiolo 4-6 cm. longo robusto suf-
fulta ; lamina 10-15 cm. longa, 6-8 cm. lata, lanceolato-ovata
plus minusve acuminata basi brevi-cordata crenato-serrata
serraturis apice callosis chartacea supra sparse setosa ad costam
albo-pilosula infra parcissime setosa, nervis 5-6-paribus siccando
satis distinctis. Inflorescentiae axillares, 1-2-natae e cymulis
3-7-floris compositae ; pedunculi 3-4 cm. longi; pedicelli sub
anthesin breves 2-5 mm. longi setosi atque glandulosi ; bracteae
conspicuae usque ad 2.5 cm. longae lanceolatae foliaceae setosae
virides vel rubescentes prope calycem insertae atque cymulam
prima aetate velantes. Calyx circ. 1.8 cm. longus 1I0-nervius
setosus atque glandulosus rubescens; dentes triangulares
6-7 mm. longi subaequales apiculo 2-3 mm. longo praediti.
Corolla + 3 cm. longa, apud fauces I-I.3 cm. lata, subglabra

. saturate rosea; limbus ei C. lichiangensis subsimilis ; stamina

stylusque itidem.

“Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers deep rose. Open situations
amongst scrub on the Tong Shan in the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt.. 8000 ft. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest.

- No. 11,408.

&.
—

Gp

This is readily distinguished from the allied C. lichiangensis
by the large bracts enclosing the cymes, by the more deeply
cleft calyx, and by the deep-rose, almost glabrous, corolla.

Chelonopsis lichiangensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. roseae, W. W. Sm. sed caulibus densissime
setosis, foliis majoribus, cymis longiuscule pedunculatis, floribus
flavis inter alia dignoscitur.

yy

SPECIES CHINENSES. 93

Fruticulus 1-3 m. altus. Rami robusti dense patenti-
fulvido-setosi atque glanduloso-pilosuli. Folia petiolo 3-5 cm.
longo robusto setoso atque glanduloso-pilosulo suffulta; lamina
8-12 cm. longa, 6-7 cm. lata, ovata plus minusve acuminata
basi breviter vel vix cordata grosse serrata serraturis apice
callosis, chartacea supra subsparse setosa, infra ad costam
nervosque venulasque setosula atque pilosula, nervis utrinque
5-6-paribus infra eminentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares I-2-
natae e cymulis plerumque 3-floris compositae; pedunculi
+ 5 cm. longi setosi atque glanduloso-pilosi, ut pedicelli in
fructu ad 2.5 cm. longi; bracteae sublineares I-2 cm. longae
pilosae. Calyx + 15 mm. longus campanulatus Io-nervius
glanduloso-pilosus viridis, fructu ampliatus; dentes ovato-tri-
angulares calloso-apiculati + 5 mm. longi subaequales margine
ciliati. Corolla + 3 cm. longa, ad fauces + 1 cm. lata, extus
dense pilosula flava; limbi labium superius brevissime emargina-
tum circ. 5 mm. latum, longitudine vix I.5 mm. superans ;
labii inferioris lobi laterales circ. 3 mm. longi, medianus 4-5 mm
longus breviter emarginatus. Stamina 4 filamentis pilosulis,
antheris ciliatis. Stylus bifidus lobis subaequalibus.

“Shrub of 4-8 ft. Flowers yellow. In open situations in
the valley of the Yangtze, east of the Lichiang Valley, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 6000 ft. july 1913.” G. Forrest. No.
10,512.

Chelonopsis rosea, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. odontocheilae, Diels sed caulibus petiolisque
densissime pilosis floribus saturate roseis nec flavis inter alia
differt.

Fruticulus 1-2 m. altus. Rami robusti densissime pilosi.
Folia petiolo 1.5-2 cm. longo robusto suffulta; lamina + 5.5
cm. longa, + 3.5 cm. lata ovata breviter acuminata basi corda-
tula serrata serraturis callosis, chartacea, supra subaeque infra
praesertim ad costam nervosque pilosa. Inflorescentiae axillares
cymulis plerumque 3-floris compositae ; pedunculi pedicelli
bracteae densissime pilosi. Calyx + 10 mm. longus campanu-
latus Io-nervius -- dense pilosus rubridus, fructu ampliatus ;
dentes triangulares apiculati + 2 mm. longi subaequales.
Corolla -- 3 cm. longa, 8-ro mm. lata, extus dense pilosa,
saturate rosea ; limbi brevis labium superius circ. 3 mm. longum,
vix emarginatum; labii inferioris lobi laterales circ. 3 mm.
diametro, medianus + 5 mm. longus margine haud dentatus.

“‘ Aromatic shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers deep dull rose. Open
situations amongst boulders in side valleys on the Tali Range,
Yunnan. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Aug. 1913.” G.
Forrest. No. 11,682.

vn

0x5

94 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Akin to C. odontocheila, Diels, but with shorter stouter
petioles, much more pilose leaves and inflorescence, corolla dull
rose and not yellow, and an entire or subentire middle lobe to
the lower lip. © 7

Chelonopsis siccanea, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. roseae, W. W. Sm. et C. bracteatae, W. W.
Sm.; ab hac bractearum magnarum absentia, calycis lobis
inter alia divergit, ab illa foliis glabrioribus, petiolis longioribus
glandulosis praeter alia signa dignoscitur.

Fruticulus 1-2 m. altus. Rami graciles pilosi supra capillis
parvis glanduloso-capitatis -+ dense praediti. Folia petiolo
2.5-4 cm. longo sparse piloso atque dense glanduloso-pilosulo
suffulta ; lamina 6-8 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, ovata vel ovato-
lanceolata apice acuminata, basi cordatula, crenato-serrata
serraturis breviter calloso-apiculatis, siccando membranacea,
supra sparse pilosa, ad serraturas ciliata, infra ad costam nervos-
qué sparse pilosa, cetera glabra vel glabrescens. Inflorescentiae
axillares cymulis plerumque 3-floris compositae; pedunculi
ad 2.5 cm. longi glandulosi saepe sparse pilosi; pedicelli 2~3
mm. longi glandulosi; bractede 5-10 mm. longae lineares
pilosae. Calyx 1-1.5 cm. longus sparse pilosulus basi glandulosus,
dentes triangulares 3-4 mm. longi breviter apiculati. Corolla
+ 3 cm. longa, ad fauces in sicco circ. r em. lata, infra subglabra
supra pilosula saturate purpureo-rosea ; limbi brevis labium
superius circ. 3 mm. longum haud emarginatum ; labii inferioris
lobi: laterales ‘rotundati,; medianus late oblongus longiuscule
protrusus I cm. paulo superans. Staminum filamenta glabra,
antherae ciliatae. Stylus bifidus glaber.

' "Shrub of 4-6 ft. “Flowers deep purple-rose. Dry situations

amongst scrub on the Yungning-Yangtze divide, Yunnan.
Lat. 27°. 40’. N: Alt. gooo ft. July 1914... G. Forrest. No.
13,082.

Chirita orbicularis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.
Species ex affinitate C. speciosae, Kurz, C. brevipedis, C. B,
Clarke et C. Traillianae, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm. sed. foliis
orbicularibus supra albo-setoso-lanatis, pedunculis elongatis
unifloris ebracteatis divergit. ; Ee
" Planta subacaulis. Caulis repens abbreviatus pilis articulatis
dense. ferrugineo-hirsutus. Folia radicalia 4-5, petiolo 2~3.5
em. longo dense fulvo- vel ferrugineo-hirsuto suffulta ; lamina
orbicularis vel suborbicularis 4~8 cm. diametro apice rotundata
acumine nullo, basi brevissime inaequaliter cordatula mareir

; ce ie Le eee: Gear.) tae : chee hea
obtuse crenato-serrata supra viridis pilis longiusculis articulatis,

SPECIES, CHINENSES, 95

dense incano-pilosa infra pallidior setis albidis praesertim ad
costam neryosque modice praedita, nervis 3-4-paribus vix
eminentibus. Pedunculi quasi radicales 1-3, albo-setosi primo
breves tandem ad. ro cm. elongati uniflori; bracteae nullae.

tains, Yunnan. Lat. 26° 45. N. Alt. gooo ft. Aug. 1913.”

Pilla

99% Chirita Trailliana, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species. valde affinis C. speciosae, Kurz, sed foliis apice
rotundatis nec acutis. subtus purpureis pedunculis paucifloris
rece

lanta fere acaulis. Caulis repens abbreviatus pilis articu-
latis dense ferrugineo-hirsutus. Folia radicalia, vel. subradicalia
opposita 3-5, in speciminibus cultis numerosa, petiolo usque ad
15 cm. longo pilis articulatis dense ferrugineo-hirsuto suffulta ;
lamina 8-20 cm. longa 6-15 cm. lata, late ovata vel suborbicularis
apice rotundata basi subaequaliter vel valde oblique cordata
margine obtusiuscule. crenato-serrata supra atroviridis pilis
articulatis pallidis + densiuscule pilosa infra, purpurea vel
purpurascens vel purpureo-marmorata ad costam nervosque

tS tdae s%

oe

96 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

longa extus + crebre setaceo-pilosula ; tubus ad 4.5 cm. longus
apice medioque 1.5-1.7 cm. latus extus basi albidus supra
pallide purpureo-coeruleus, intus ad partem anteriorem lineis
flavidis circ. 3 cm. longis r mm. latis parallelis pulchre notatus,
glaber, ad partem posteriorem hic illic pilosulus ; lobi rotundati
I.2-I.5 cm. diametro anteriores paulo majores, extus albidi
intus laete purpureo-coerulei, margine sparse ciliolati, ceteroqui
labri. Stamina perfecta 2 infra medium tubum inserta filamen-
tis albis glabris circ. 1.5 cm. longis medio gibboso-incrassatis
torsis complanatis basi incrassatis; antherae cohaerentes circ.
5 mm. longae connectivis albo-lanatis ; staminodia duo circ. I cm.
longa filamentis albo-lanatis. Discus annularis. Ovarium
lineare cum stylo fere 3.5 cm. longum nigrido-pilosulum ; stigma
unilaterale alte bifidum lobis subquadratis + 4 mm. longis.
Capsula linearis usque ad 9 cm. longa.

“ Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers bright purplish-blue. Moist
shady situations on ledges of cliffs and humus-coloured boulders
in the Shweli valley, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000-6000 ft.
May 1012.” G. Forrest. No. 7976.

“Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers purplish-blue; under
surface of foliage purplish- -red. Ledges of cliffs and on rocks
in shady situations in the hills to the south of Tengyueh,
Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. June 1912.” G.
Forrest. No. 812

A very beautiful species with large flowers and with leaves
of a fine purple below. It is now in cultivation from seeds
obtained by George Forrest in Yunnan for Mr. J. C. Williams
of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall. In specimens which have flowered
the corolla is quite two inches long; the tube outside is a light
purplish-blue, the rounded lobes are whitish outside, and a fine
bright purplish-blue inside, the tube inside on the anterior side
is marked with two narrow parallel lines of yellow over an
inch long.

Colquhounia compta, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. coccineae, Wall. a qua calyce inter alia
distinguitur.

Fruticulus 1-2 m. altus, erectus ramosus. Rami subteretes
primo densissime incano-tomentelli pilis stellatis simplicibusque
intermixtis, vetustiores cinerascentes decorticantes. Folia petiolo
plerumque I-1.5 cm. longo dense tomentoso suffulta ; lamina
plerumque 4—-5.5 cm. longa, 3—4 cm. lata, ovata subacuta basi
+ rotundata crenata chartacea supra viridis + dense tomentosa
infra densissime incano-tomentosa. Cymulae axillares pedun-

culis ad 1 cm. longis suffultae pauciflorae, pedicelli 2-3 mm.

ri Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus + I cm. longus extus

(S34

ort

SPECIES CHINENSES. 07

dense stellato-tomentosus dentibus subaequalibus + 4 mm.
longis triangularibus acutis. Corolla usque ad 3 cm. longa
incurva obscuro-kermesina extus puberula ; tubus basi angusta
supra ampliatus 2 cm. longus vel ultro ; labium superius ellipti-
cum apice rotundatum 6-7 mm. longum, inferius tripartitum
segmentis subaequalibus. Stamina e tubo exserta lobos haud
superantia. Styli rami parum inaequales.

“Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers dull greyish-c: crimson. Open
dry situations amongst scrub in the Mekong Valley, Yunnan.
Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Sept. 1914.” G. Forrest.
No. 13,405.

An ally of C. coccinea, Wall., from which it is most easily
distinguished by the calyx and its teeth.

Colquhounia mekongensis, W. W. Sm.

Species peraffinis C. comptae, W. W. Sm. a qua floribus
majoribus, calycis dentibus longioribus angustioribus inter alia
signa recedit.

Fruticulus 1.5-2 m. altus erectus. Rami subteretes primo
densissime incano-tomentelli pilis stellatis simplicibusque inter-
mixtis, tandem cinerascentes. Folia petiolo + I cm. longo
dense tomentoso suffulta; lamina plerumque 3-4 cm. longa,
2.5-3 cm. lata ovata acuta vel obtusiuscula, basi + rotundata
crenata chartacea supra viridis dense pilosa infra densissime
incano-tomentosa. Cymulae axillares pedunculis + 5 mm.
longis suffultae pauciflorae ; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi. Calyx
tubuloso-campanulatus circ. 1.1 cm. longus extus dense stellato-
tomentosus dentibus subaequalibus + 5 mm. longis sublinearibus
acutis. Corolla usque ad 3.5 cm. longa recta saturate rosea
extus puberula; tubus basi angusta supra ampliatus circ. 2.3
cm. longus ; labium superius ellipticum brevissime emarginatum,
I cm. superans, inferius tripartitum segmento mediano lateralibus
longiore. Stamina e tubo exserta lobos fere aequantia. Rami
styli subaequales.

“Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers deep magenta-rose. Open dry
situations in the Mekong Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 28° N. Alt.
6000 ft. Sept. 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 13,265

Very close to C. compta, but differing in the shape of both
calyx and corolla.

Corydalis atuntsuensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nova
Species ex affinitate C. oxypetalae, Franch. et C. pachycentrae,
Franch. sed inter alia bracteis flabellato-partitis dignoscenda.
Radix e fibris fusiformibus composita eis specierum supra
citatarum persimilis collo vestigiis petiolorum praeteritorum

08 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

cincta. Caules 2—3-nati usque ad 8 cm. longi debiles flexuosi
decumbentes plerumque bifoliati glabri. Folia radicalia 1-2,
petiolo circ. 6 cm. longo debili praedita ; lamina (haud bene
representata) circ. I.5 cm. longa pinnata segmentis 5~7 lineari-
lanceolatis integris 5-10 mm. longis glabris; folia caulina
plerumque duo opposita vel subopposita paulo supra medium
caulem inserta fere sessilia ceteroqui radicalibus subsimilia
segmentis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis. Racemi terminales laxi circ.
4 cm. longi, 4-12-flori ; bracteae ambitu obovatae 7-8 mm.
longae in lobos 5-7 lineares flabellato- -partitae glabrae ; pedicelli
bracteas subaequantes vel eis duplo longiores. Flores ex
speciminibus siccis verisimiliter coerulei. Sepala squamiformia
circ. I mm. diametro denticulata. Petalum posticum cristatum
apice galeatum cum calcare fere 2 cm. longum; calcar + I cm.
longum limbo paululo longius modice aduncum apice obtusum ;
petalum anticum cristatum postico subaequale ; petala interiora
paululo breviora cristatula. Capsula immatura linearis.

‘“N.W. Yunnan. Near Atuntsu, 15,000-16,000 ft.” Kingdon
Ward. No. 60.

A dwarf species smaller than the allied C.- pachycentra,
Franch. from which the bracts serve at once to distinguish it.

ot? Corydalis benecincta, W. W. Sm. 5p. nov.

Species alpina optime distincta; inter species yunnanenses
foliis trifoliolatis foliolis integris, bracteis praemagnis quasi-
_verticillatis atque involucrantibus, pedicellis longis multo com-
planatis, floribus subumbellatis inter alia bene notata.

Radix tuberosa crassa infra ramosa collo vestigiis exiguis
petiolorum praeteritorum obsita. Caulis pars inferior fere nuda
flexuosa subterranea vel inter saxa errans foliis radicalibus diu
delapsis foliis inferiori-caulinis paucis squamiformibus ; par
epigaea brevis I-5 cm. longa plus minusve complanata glabra
inflorescentia aequilonga terminata. Folia superiora 2-3, al-
terna (in situ naturali quasi-subradicalia) petiolo 5-7 cm. longo
complanato glabro praedita, trifoliolata ; foliola + 3 cm. longa
+ 2 cm. lata, late elliptica vel ovata vel obovata petiolulo nullo
vel brevissimo in foliolo mediano nonnunquam paululo elongato
praedita apice rotundata vel obtusa basi rotundata vel late
cuneata integerrima carnosula utrinque glabra supra laete viridia
infra pallidiora. FafioresSlastias plures densae caulem ramulos-
que terminantes ; bracteae 4 vel plures magnae 2-4.5 cm. longae
foliaceae lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae approximatae quasi
involucrum formantes ; flores plerumque 5-6 in quoque race-
mulo ita approximati ut subumbellati videantur, pedicellis
usque | ac 4 cm. longis multo complanatis suffulti. Sepala
squa mia oyata vel suborbicularia circ. 2 mm. diametro

a

SPECIES CHINENSES. 99)

denticulata. Petalum posticum apice fornicatum dorso distincte
cristatum cum calcare 1.8-2.5 cm. longum ; calcar usque ad 1.2
cm. longum limbum subaequans 3-7 mm. (in sicco) latum +
falcatum apice rotundatum ; petalum anticum cristatum postico
subaequale apicem versus usque ad 6-8 mm. latum ;_ petala
interiora apice cohaerentia circ. 9 mm. longa dorso cristata.
Capsula vix matura ellipsoidea circ. 7 mm. longa circ. 3 mm. lata
stylo 2-3 mm. longo coronata.

“NW. Yunnan. Near Atuntsu, 15,000-16,000 ft. A scree
plant with close tufted habit, fleshy leaves, bulbous root ;
July rorr.”” Kingdon Ward. Nos. 58, 61; “‘ flowers crimson,
Aug. 1913.” No. 965.

A very peculiar species with leaves somewhat suggesting
Trifolium pratense, Linn., with large bracts which are so approxi-
mate as to simulate an involucre, with very long and much
flattened pedicels, and with an abnormally large and broad spur.

(ol Corydalis eccremocarpa, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.
Species affinis C. taliensi, Franch. a qua inter alia floribus
minoribus luteis differt.
Planta 20-30 cm. alta radicibus fibrosis, diffusa e basi
multicaulis, Caules 10-20, ramosi remote foliosi. Folia basi-
laria et caulina similia petiolo 3-4 cm. longo suffulta, longiuscule

Capsula fere 2 cm. longa linearis sub maturitatem pendula stylo
persistente. Semina + 12 nigra nitentia sub lente valido

a.

“Plant of 9-12 inches. Flowers yellow, tipped purple.
Open stony pasture on the Tong Shan in the Yangtze bend,
Yunnan. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft... Aug. I19%3.:.:,.&.
Forrest. No. 10,839.

\0% Corydalis fluminicola, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.
Species alpina fere aquatica ex affinitate C. Stracheyi, Duthie.
Radices multae fibrosae carnosulae nec tuberosae nec
incrassatae. Caules plerumque 2—3-nati 12-20 cm. longi debiles
flexuosi decumbentes sat foliosi glabri. Folia radicalia 4-6,

100 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

petiolo 5-6 cm. longo multum complanato glabro_ praedita ;
lamina ambitu oblonga 5-8 cm. longa circ. 2 cm. lata, bipinnata
segmentis pinnatifidis lobulis ultimis lanceolatis acutiusculis
carnosula utrinque glabra supra laete viridis infra glaucescens ;
folia caulina 5-6 vel plura, mediana radicalibus minora petiolo
lato subvaginanti suffulta, suprema multo minora, ceteroqui
omnia radicalibus subsimilia. Racemi terminales spiciformes
circ. 4 cm. longi circ. 3 cm. lati floribus plurimis multo congestis ;
bracteae obovatae vel oblanceolatae circ. 4 mm. longae margine
minutissime denticulatae glabrae; pedicelli breves bracteis
breviores eisque celatae. Flores mediocres in sicco lutei,
corolla apice brunnea. Sepala squamiformia ambitu suborbi-
cularia, pro petalis in hoc genere magna, circ. 2.5 mm. diametro
margine grosse irregulariterque erosa. Petalum posticum apice
galeatum dorso alte cristatum cum calcare 1.7 cm. longum ;
calcar usque ad 7 mm. longum limbo distincte brevius multo
aduncum apice obtusum; petalum anticum alte cristatum
postico subaequale apicem versus circ. 3 mm. latum; petala
interiora exterioribus paululo breviora cristata epidermide
(brunneo-maculata in sicco) facile separabili praedita. Capsula
immatura linearis.

“N.W. Yunnan. Near Atuntsu, 14,000 ft. July rorr.
An aquatic alpine growing in the upper streams.” Kingdon
Ward. No. 59.

\0o) Corydalis Wardii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. homopetalae, Diels; foliis racemisque |
densifloris divergit, fructu appropinquat.

Radices multae fibrosae carnosulae vix incrassatae. Caules
plerumque 2—3-nati 15-24 cm. longi flaccidi flexuosi decumbentes
simplices vel parce ramosi sparse foliosi glabri. Folia radicalia
2-3, petiolo 4-5 cm. longo debili praedita ; lamina ambitu ovata
vel ovato-oblonga 2-3 cm. longa circ. 2 cm. lata bipinnata
segmentis pinnatifidis vel lobatis lobulis ultimis anguste lanceo-
latis acutis -- 3 mm. longis, supra obscure viridis infra glauce-
scens: folia caulina 3-6 petiolo breviori suffulta ceteroqui
radicalibus subsimilia, suprema multo reducta. Racemi termi-
nales modice densiflori 4-6 cm. longi cire. 2.5 cm. lati; bracteae
ambitu obovatae 4-7 mm. longae pinnatifidae vel 3-7-partitae
in lobos lineares, supremae lanceolatae integrae vel subintegrae ;
pedicelli usque ad 5 mm. longi bracteis breviores vel subaequantes.
Flores mediocres circ. 2 cm. longi flavidi (?) apice in sicco brunnei.
Sepala squamiformia perlate ovata circ. I. 5 mm. longa, 2 mm.
lata grosse erosa. Petalum posticum apice galeatum dorso
alte ctistatum crista crenulata cum calcare circ. 2 cm. longum ;
calcar usque ad 1.1 cm. longum limbo paulo longius gracile

+)

SPECIES CHINENSES. IOI,

modice curvatum apice obtusiusculum ; petalum anticum alte
cristatum postico subaequale; petala interiora paulo breviora.
Capsula immatura ellipsoidea circ. 3 mm. longa; stylus 4 mm.
longus.

“N.W. Yunnan. Near Atuntsu, elevation 12,000-14,000 ft.
July rorr.”’ Kingdon Ward. Nos. 63, 64.

»Cotinus nana, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. Coggygriae, Scop. sed habitu nano, foliis
minimis coriaceis, floribus kermesinis recedit.

Fruticulus .5-1.5 m. altus ramosus; ramuli juniores teretes
subglauci vel rubescentes glabri, vetustiores cinerei. Folia alterna
petiolo vix 3 mm. superante epiloso glauco suffulta; lamina
usque ad 1 cm. longa, 8-g mm. lata, suborbicularis apice basique
rotundata vel obtusissima, coriacea integerrima utrinque epilosa
supra viridis infra cereo-glauca. Flores parvi in cymas com-
positas paniculam pro planta amplam efformantes dispositi ;
ramuli inflorescentiarum pernumerosi pilis glanduloso-capitatis
dense induti; bracteae vix I mm. superantes subulatae ;
pedicelli 5-10. mm. longi glanduloso-pilosi. Sepala + I mm.
longa, triangularia acuta. Petala circ. 2 mm. longa, oblongo-
elliptica ex collectore kermesina. Stamina 5 sepalis paulo
longiora, antheris filamenta subaequantibus. Flores herma-
phroditi vel feminei desunt.

“Shrub of 13-4 ft. Flowers crimson. Open dry situations
in the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. July 1913.’ G. Forrest.
No._10,336.

A very beautiful little shrub, distinguished from its ally
C. Coggygria, Scop. (Rhus Cotinus, Linn.) by its habit, its very
small coriaceous leaves, less than half an inch in diameter, and
by its crimson petals.

\
qe Cypripedilum Bardolphianum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer.

Species affinis C. micrantho, Franch. et C. ebracteato, Rolfe ;
ab hoc floribus multo minoribus, ab illo foliis haud acuminatis,
scapo haud villoso differt ; ab ambobus labello mire verrucoso
distinguitur.

Planta 7-8 cm. alta. Folia duo opposita circ. 6 cm. longa,
circ. 3 cm. lata, late oblanceolata apice subrotundata glabra.
Scapus folia vix superans gracilis uniflorus pilis confervoideis
sparse praeditus. Sepalum elliptico-ovatum obtusiusculum circ.
1.5 cm. longum viride ; synsepalum aequilongum elliptico-
ovatum apice breviter apiculatum haud bidentatum. Petala
sepalo aequilonga late lanceolata - acuta viridia. Labellum

Vv

5X
\@

‘102 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

aureum petalis paulo brevius mire verrucosum. Ovarium sparse
albido-furfuraceum.

‘A most curious little plant, running about with single
shoots and forming wide colonies in sunny glades and mossy
woodland soil of the forest zone in the enormous gorges behind
Siku, at about 8000 ft., and often in company with C. luteum.
It has a noxious aromatic scent, and the ample lip is of shining
waxy gold warted and deformed with knobs and whelks and
bubuckles like Resdolph. Kansu, Western China.’”’ Farrer and
Purdom. No. .

The eiicna note is taken from the Gardeners’ Chronicle,
15th May 1915, p. 258 :—

“Among Proud Margarets’ * very roots, too, sometimes
wanders a strange and humble little cousin—a ramifying running
Cypripedium, perking up a 3-inch stem here and there with a
pair of leaves, and then a small green-segmented half-awake
flower with a lip of brilliant waxy orange, warty and whelked
and bubuckled, and with an unpleasing aromatic scent that
suggests (like the whole flower) the corruptness of a Cata-
setum.’’—R. F. :

Cypripedilum Farreri, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis C. fasciolato, Franch. et C. yunnanensi,
Franch.; priore multo minor, ab altero sepalis petalisque
viridi-tateis ovario furfuraceo-puberulo inter alia ex descriptione
differt.

Planta circ. 20 cm. alta. Folia plerumque duo, medio vel
infra medium inserta, 5-7 cm. longa, 2.5—3 cm. lata, ovato-
lanceolata, acuta vix acuminata, siccitate tenuiter membranacea,
utrinque glabra, margine minute ciliolata; bractea 3-4 cm.
longa, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata. Sepala et petala viridi-
lutea purpureo-striata atque -maculata; sepalum superius circ.
3 cm. longum, circ. 1.2 cm. latum ovatum sensim acuminatum ;
synsepalum paululo longius ovato-lanceolatum dapice bicuspi-
datum. Petala lateralia lineari-lanceolata circ. 4 cm. longa,
erga basim circ. 6 mm. lata longiuscule acuminata apicem versus
torta. Labellum petalis brevius, in sicco fere globosum 2.5-3 cm.
diametro, ore parvo praeditum. Ovarium circ. 1.5 cm. longum
dense albido-furfuraceum.

“Rare in the deep limestone gorges above Siku, under the
shadier wall of the cliffs. June. Petals, etc., greeny-yellow,
lined maroon; lip of waxy cream, lined internally, pulled into
a series of vandykes at the mouth and very glossy and fragrant.
Kansu, West China.’’ Farrer and Purdom. No. 155.

* Cypripedilum luteum, Franch.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 103

The following note is taken from the Gardeners’ Chronicle,
15th May 1015, p. 258 :—

“ Still rarer is the last Slipper I have this year noted. That
is only found in cool loose woodland soil, in steep cool banks on
the shady side of deep and precipitous limestone gorges at
some 8000 ft. or higher. It lives among herbage and very scanty
low scrub, evidently asking its shade of cliff, not plant, and seeks
its model among the far-away Slippers of America. For here
we come back to the twisted moustache of C. Calceolus; the
whole plant is similar, though much slighter in build—a dainty
growth of 6-8 inches, with two or three glossy emerald-green
leaves to the stem. Usually only one stem comes up from the
slender crown of roots; never more than two. No stem carries
more than one flower. These have their cork-screwed petals
and pointed sepals of a greenish-yellow, lined regularly with
maroon. The lip is the essential originality of the plant, for it
is so curiously pulled in below the mouth as to present a perfect
soda-water-bottle shape, and round its rim is cut into the most
elegant vandykes that catch the light and shine again. For
the Slipper is of the waxiest gloss, and in colour of a very bland
palest cream or butter-yellow, through which dimly show the
broad bands of maroon with which it is striped on the inside.
Finally, the inconspicuous strange charm of the plant is justified
and enhanced by its intense and penetrating perfume of Lily-
of-the-Valley.””—R. F.

wa Cystacanthus affinis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species proxima C. yunnanensi, W. W. Sm. a quo primo
intuitu vix differre videtur ; ramulis, foliis, indumento, calyce
glanduloso, floris structura fere exacte quadrat ; inflorescentia
multo reducta plerumque 3-4-flora, calyce majore, corolla
majore aliter colorata, stylo glabro recedit.

Suffrutex ad 2 m. altus. Inflorescentia terminalis pauciflora
in speciminibus nostris 3—4-flora, paucis forsan delapsis. Calyx
usque ad 2.5 cm. longus. Corolla fere 4 cm. longa extus flavida
intus livide flava purpureo-striata; tubus medio circ. 2 cm.
latus; lobi ad 1.5 cm. longi. Stamina 2 antheris ad 9 mm.
longis. Ovarium circ. 5 mm. longum stylo 2 cm. paulo super-
ante glabro. Fructus deest. Cetera cum specie sequenti
quadrant.

“Shrub of 6 ft. Flowers exterior yellowish-grey, interior
dull livid yellow, veined purple maroon. Open arid stony
situations in the Fengkow Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 40’ N.
Alt. 8000 ft. June 1914.’ G. Forrest. No. 12,493.

Cc

104 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.
sav
x” Cystacanthus yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate C. cymosi, T. Anders. a quo ex descrip-
tione inflorescentia terminali ampla corollae lobis rotundatis
differt.

Suffrutex erectus I-I.5 m. altus; ramuli primo teretes
dense incano- vel fulvo-villosuli tandem subtetragoni decorti-
cantes cinerascentes. Folia 5-10 cm. longa, 3-4.5 cm. lata,
ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, breviter obtusiuscule acuminata vel
acuta, basi in petiolum 5-15 mm. longum attenuata, chartacea
integra supra viridia dense ad nervos ceterum sparse fulvo-
pilosula, infra subdense incano-villosula nervis lateralibus
utringue circiter 6 supra subobscuris infra paulo distinctioribus.
Inflorescentia terminalis ampla ad 15 cm. longa anguste thyr-
soideo-paniculata ; bracteae 5-10 mm. longae lineari-lanceolatae
dense glanduloso-villosae ; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi dense
glanduloso-villosi. Calyx 1.5 cm. longus vel paulo ultro
5-partitus extus densissime glanduloso-villosus intus sparse
villosulus ; segmenta parum inaequalia linearia circ. 2 mm.
lata acuta. Corolla 3-3.5 cm. longa pallide coerulea, basi
albida, extus praesertim ad lineas longitudinaliter currentes
pilis glanduloso-capitatis crebre pilosa ; tubus e basi brevissima
subito ventricosus incurvus medio circ. 1.5 cm. latus ; lobi circ.
rt cm. longi rotundati, anteriores paulo longiores. Stamina
2 filamentis circ. 1.5 cm. longis basi pilosulis, antheris oblongis
circ. 6 mm. longis. Ovarium circ. 4 mm. longum villosulum ;
stylus vix 2 cm. longus minute bidentatus per longitudinem
longiuscule sparse villosus ; ovulain quoque loculo + 6. Fructus
circ. 3.5 cm. longus circ. 5 mm. latus, subdense glanduloso-
villosus; retinacula circ. 3 mm. longa; semina disciformia
2-3 mm. diametro minutissime (sub lente valido) puberula.

“ Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers pale blue, white at base. Shady
situations in thickets in the Tengchwan Valley, Yunnan. Lat.
26° 5’ N. Alt. 7000 ft. May 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,007.

ob? Diospyros dumetorum, W. W.Sm. 5p. nov.

Species parvifolia haec affinis D. Balfourianae, Diels, foliis
forma textura indumento diversis dignoscitur.

Frutex -++ ro m. altus ramosus. Ramuli graciles primo
dense fulvo-tomentosi. Folia petiolo + 2 mm. longo dense
fulvo-tomentoso suffulta ; lamina vulgo 2—3.5 cm. longa, I-1.3
cm. lata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice
acuta apiculata (raro obtusa vel rotundata), basi rotundata
vel late cuneata, textura subcoriacea, supra pallido-viridis primo
+ pilosula, tandem glabrescens, infra ad costam nervosque
dense fulvo-pilosa, caetera sparsius ; nervi supra obscuri infra

SPECIES CHINENSES. 105

paululo distinctiores. Flores masculini in axillis superioribus
I-4-nati, numerosi approximati; pedicelli 1-4 mm. longi
fulvo-tomentosi. Calyx campanulatus + 3 mm. longus extus
dense appresse pilosus ad medium vel fere ad imum in lobos
lanceolatos acutos vel acuminatos divisus. Corolla olivacea
5-6 mm. longa extus glabra lined albo-pilosa petalo cuique
mediana excepta; lobi 4 circ. 1.5 mm. longi ovati. Stamina
16. Flores feminei fructusque desunt.

“ Shrub of 30 ft. Flowers olive-green, fragrant. In open
thickets on the Chungtien plateau, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 30’ N.
Alt. 8000 ft. April 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,399.

A small-leaved species; unfortunately female flowers and
fruit are not available, but it is so distinct from the other Chinese
species that I have ventured to describe it. The elevation is
noteworthy.

yt Dracocephalum Purdomii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis D. grandifloro, Linn. cui quoad habitum
foliaque appropinquat, floribus minoribus calyce nisi dentibus
ciliolatis glabro, corolla extus dense longiuscule villosa recedit.

Planta circ. 15 cm. alta. Caules basi adscendentes deinde
erecti -- sparse albo-pilosi. Folia basalia + 6 petiolo 3-4 cm.
longo sparse piloso praedita ; lamina circ. 3 cm. longa, circ.
1.5 cm. lata ovato-oblonga apice + rotundata basi truncata
vel cordata, crenata chartacea utrinque sparse setosula ; caulina
duo paria, minora breviter vel vix petiolata ceterum basalibus
subsimilia. Inflorescentia terminalis densiflora subglobosa circ.
3cm.diametro. Bracteae exteriores suborbicul vel obovatae
margine superiore irregulariter serratae serraturis apiculatis
longiuscule albo-ciliatae ceterum glabrae, interiores oblanceolatae
vel anguste oblongae supra + 5-dentatae denticulis longissime
aristatis vix spinosis, margine ciliatae. Calyx circ. cm.
longus ; tubus rectus circ. 9 mm. longus epilosus ; segmentum
superius late ellipticum 3 mm. latum obtusum apiculo sub-
spinescente praeditum margine ciliatum ; 4 inferiora triangulari-
lanceolata subspinescentia sparse ciliata vel subglabra. Corolla
circ. 2.5 cm. longa saturate coerulea extus dense albo-villosa ;
tubus e basi angusta ad 7 mm. dilatatus, labium superius
bilobum, inferius maculatum lobo mediano producto. Stamina
paululo exserta filamentis albo-pilosis.

“Stony waysides in the alpine valleys of the Min S’an
region, Kansu, West China. July 20, 1914.’ Farrer and
Purdom. No. 180.

Closely related to D. grandiflorum, Linn. but with smaller
flowers, an almost glabrous calyx, and a very woolly corolla.

106 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

ry Fraxinus trifoliolata, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

oe

Species sectionis Orni distinctissima, foliis plerumque tri-
foliolatis infra densissime incano-hirsutulis conspicua.

Frutex 3-8 m. altus erectus; rami robusti subteretes vel
+ complanati lenticellis parvis albidis notati glabri. Folia
trifoliolata vel nonnunquam quinquefoliolata longe petiolata ;
petioli 5-6 cm. longi validi canaliculati, basi paulo incrassati
glabri rubridi, supra + dense incano-hirsutuli vel glabrescentes ;
petioluli laterales + 1 cm. longi, medianus circ. 2 cm. longus,
omnes dense incano-hirsutuli vel glabrescentes; foliola
(medianum plerumque paulo majus) 8-12 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm.
lata, ovata acumine latiusculo acuminata, basi + late cuneata,
textura firme chartacea vel subcoriacea, per marginem totam
regulariter serrato-denticulata denticulis induratis, supra atrovi-
ridia glabra infra densissime incano-hirsutula ; nervi utrinque
12-16 supra impressi infra paulo eminentes dense incano-
hirsutwli valde conspicui nervis secundariis bene reticulati.
Inflorescentia terminalis ampla glabra fragrans. Calyx minutus,
in fructu persistens, circ. 1 mm. longus campanulatus ad tertiam
partem divisus lobis triangularibus acutiusculis. Petala 6-7
mm. longa linearia alba. Stamina petala aequantia. Fructus
lineari-spathulatus circ. 3 cm. longus, apice rotundatus circ.
5 mm. latus, medio 3 mm., basi ima angustissimus.

“Shrub of 8-12 ft. In fruit. In thickets on the Yung-pi
Mountains, Yunnan, West China. Lat.26°45’N. Alt. 11,000 ft.
Sept. 1913.’ G. Forrest. No. 11,054.

“Shrub of 10-25 ft. Flowers fragrant, creamy white.
Anthers brown. Open dry situations amongst rocks and on
ledges of cliffs in the Yangtze Valley at Fengkow, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-9000 ft. June 1914.” G. Forrest.
No. 12,501.

A very distinct species of Ash. The trifoliolate leaves with
the underside densely and finely hirsute are sufficient to mark
it off from its allies—the nearest of which are F. malacophylla,
Hemsl. and F. /ferruginea, Lingelsh., both Yunnan species.
The flowering specimens under No. 12,501 show more irregularity
in the number of leaflets and have also more glabrous petioles,

Gaultheria dumicola, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species foliis magnis basi late rotundatis, inflorescentiis
multo contractis vix ad sextam partem folii axillantis pertinenti-
bus, calycis lobis subulato-acuminatis inter species chinenses
indicasque (quarum nulli arcte propinqua) conspicua.

_ Frutex 1-3 m. altus ramulis glabris mox cinerascentibus.

_ Folia petiolo 3-5 mm. longo glabro suffulta; lamina 8-17 cm.

aw\

SPECIES CHINENSES. 107

longa, 4-9 cm. lata, + late ovata, apice modice acuminata,
calloso-apiculata, basi rotundata rarius late cuneata, dimidio
superiore levissime serrulata, maturitate coriacea utrinque
glabra nervis utraque facie conspicuis bene reticulatis ; nervi
laterales primarii tantum duo, prope basim orientes ad apicem
arcuatim ascendentes. Inflorescentiae axillares contracto-race-
mosae vel corymbosae vel pseudo-umbellatae 3-4-multi-florae
+ 1 cm. longae, in fructu ad 2 cm. auctae glabrae vel minute
pilosulae ; bracteae bracteolaeque 3-4 mm. longae lanceolatae
vel subulato-lanceolatae ad basim inflorescentiae plerumque +
confertae glabrae vel glanduloso-ciliatae; bracteolae basim
pedicelli versus affixae ; pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi, fere ad I cm.
aucti. Calyx purpureus circ. 3 mm. longus lobis triangulari-
ovatis acutis glabris. Corolla calyce paulo longior, urceolata,
ex collectore rubrido-viridis, glabra intus cerosa lobis + I mm.
longis triangularibus acutis. Stamina circ. 2 mm. longa fila-
mentis minute pilosulis antheris apice biaristatis, Fructus
maturus 5-6 mm. diametro loculicide apice 5-valvis seminibus
numerosis angulatis castaneis.

“Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers ruddy green, anthers orange.
Amongst scrub and rock on the hills to the west of Tengyueh,
Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. July 1912.” - G. Forrest.

.No. 8573.

“Shrub of 3-5 ft. In fruit. Open situations amongst
scrub in the hills to the north of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° 15’ N.
Alt. 7000 ft. May 1912.”". G. Forrest. No. 7730.

“Shrub of 6-10 ft. In fruit. Dry open situations in the
Machang-Kai Valley, north of Tengyueh. Lat. 25°20’ N. Alt.
6000-7000 ft. Feb. 1913.” G. Forrest. No.

This is a very distinct plant not closely related to any of the
Indian or Chinese species of Gaultherta.

Gmelina montana, W. W. Sm. _ Sp. nov.

Species haec inter congeneres chinenses calycis lobis maghis,
corollae tubo flavo, limbo bilabiato coeruleo-purpureo facile
dignoscitur.

Frutex 1-3 m. altus; ramuli graciles flexuosi primo minute
pubescentes glandulosi. Folia (superiora tantum visa) petiolo
5-I0 mm. longo gracili minute glanduloso suffulta; lamina
2.5-3.5 cm. longa, 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, ovata vel subrhomboidea,
apice acuta, basi plus minusve late cuneata, siccitate tenuiter
chartacea, integra, supra viridis glabra, infra glauca dense minute
glandulosa ad costam sparse pilosula nervis -+ conspicuis.
Inflorescentia anguste ainsi patch panicula 10-20 cm.
longa racemiformis e cymulis remotis 1~7-floris composita ;
bracteae lineares vel lanceolatae ad x cm. longae foliaceae ;

uv

40

108 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM -_NOVARUM.

pedunculi + 1 cm. longi, pilosuli atque minute glandulosi,
ut pedicelli breves. Calyx 7-8 mm. longus, campanulatus par-
cissime pilosulus minute glandulosus ; lobi 5 ovati circ. 3 mm.
longi. Corolla 3.5-4 cm. longa extus sparse puberula ; tubus
flavus fere 2 cm. longus supra ventricose ampliatus; lobi 5
purpureo-coerulei rotundati, lobo antico caeteris multo majore
fere 2 cm. longo. Stamina inclusa filamentis sparse minute
capitato-glandulosis. Stylus glaber. Fructus deest.

“Shrub of 4-9 ft. Flowers—limb purplish-blue, tube
yellow. Open situations amongst rocks on the western flank
of the Tali Range, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 4o’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft.
Aug. 1913.”’ G. Forrest. No. 11,662.

A slender floriferous species, growing at an altitude remark-
able for the genus.

Indigofera calcicola, Craib. Sp. nov.

Species. nana lignosa ob folia brevia pilis argenteis arcte
adpressis obtecta facile distinguenda.

Frutex nana, 0.3-1.2 m. altus (ex Forrest); ramuli primo
pilis albis interdum etiam brunneis medifixis dense tecti, mox
glabri, brunneo- vel fusco-brunneo-corticati, laterales breves,
cicatricibus prominentibus satis approximatis conspicue in-

structi; rami glabri, lenticellati, cortice mox transverse dis- -

siliente tecti. Folia 5-9-foliolata, 8-13 mm. longa, petiolo
circiter 3 mm. longo suffulta, pilis argenteis medifixis adpressis
omnino tecta, cum racemis ad apices ramulorum terminalium
et lateralium brevium gesta ; stipulae minutae ; foliola elliptica,
rotundata vel fere obcordata, apice rotundata vel parum retusa
mucronata, basi late cuneata rotundatave, circa 4 mm. longa
et 2.5 mm. lata, satis crassa, nervis lateralibus obscuris, petiolulo
plerumque circiter 0.5 mm. longo suffulta; stipellae minutae.
Racemi in ramulo quoque I-3, foliis breviores vel ea paulo
superantes ; bracteae parvae rigidae fugaces; pedicelli 1 mm.
longi, interdum paulo breviores. Calyx vix 2 mm. longus, lobis
inter se parum inaequalibus ovato-oblongis acutiusculis obtusisve
-75, mm. longis ciliatis saepius glanduloso-fimbriatis. Vexillum
elliptico-oblongum vel ovato-oblongum, sessile, retusiusculum,
7 mm. longum, 5.25-5.5 mm. latum; alae oblongae, 7.5 mm.
longae, 1.5 mm. latae; carina 7 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. lata.
Legumen vix maturum, teres, dense crispatim hirsutulum.
unnan:—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Shrub of 3-4 ft. Dry stony situations, 10,000 ft. G. Forrest.
No. 10,350.
Yunnan :—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Dwarf shrub of 1-2 ft. Flowers dull rose. Open situations

on limestone rocks, 11,000 ft. G. Forrest. No. 10,505.

‘

A

“

a
\¢

SPECIES CHINENSES. 109

a
* Indigofera dumetorum, Craib. Sp. nov.

Inter species grandifloras ab affinioribus I. Duclouxit, Craib
et I. Pampaniniana, Craib, foliis 5—9-foliolatis distinguenda.

Frutex 1.4-4.2-metralis (ex Forrest) ; ramuli juventute pilis
ferrugineis vel griseis divergentibus densius tecti, basi squamis
paucis fusco-brunneis instructi ; rami plus minusve glabrescentes,
saepe flexuosi, teretes parumve angulati, lenticellati, cortice
rubro-brunneo vel cinereo obtecti. Folia 5-9-foliolata, ad 13
cm. longa, petiolo communi saepius I-1.5 cm. longo suffulta,
rhachi petiolo communi et petiolulis indumento ut ramulis tectis ;
stipulae cito deciduae, 5-6 mm. longae, basi I-2 mm. latae ;
foliola lateralia oblongo-elliptica, elliptica vel rarius ovata, basi
rotundata, late cuneata vel interdum subtruncata, ad 5 mm.
longa et 3 mm. lata, petiolulis circa 2 mm. longis suffulta, ter-
minalia a lateralibus usque ad 2 cm. distantia, saepius obovata
vel late elliptica, rarius orbicularia vel ovata, usque ad 5 cm.
longa et fere 5 cm. lata, omnia chartacea, subtus pallidiora,
pagina superiore demum parcius inferiore densius pilis albis
plus minusve crispatis ad costam marginesque interdum ferru-
gineis tecta, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10 supra subcon-
spicuis subtus, saltem in foliis maturis, prominentibus saepissime
rectis vel subrectis; stipellae obsoletae. Racemi in ramulo
quoque saepissime 3, ex axillis inferioribus orti, circa Io cm.
longi, pedunculo communi I.5-2 cm. longo suffulti, rhachi,
pedunculo pedicellisque indumento ei ramulorum simili tectis ;
alabastra omnino pubescentia, juventute haud dense aggregata,
reflexa, floribus expansis plus minusve patulis, pedicellis iterum
post anthesin decurvatis ; bracteae alabastra haud aequantes,
cito deciduae ; pedicelli 3 mm. longi. Calyx 4.5 mm. longus,
lobo longissimo tubo subaequilongo. Vexillum oblongum, 15
mm. longum, 7 mm. latum, emarginatum, apiculatum, subsessile ;
alae 12 mm. longae, 2.5 mm. latae ; carina vexillo subaequilonga,
unguiculata. Legumina 6.5 cm. longa, lateribus rotundata,
pallide brunnea vel cinereo-brunnea, breviter crispatim albo-
pubescentia.

Yunnan :—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Shrub of 8-ro ft. Flowers pale yellow. Open situations in
side valleys. 8000-go00 ft. G. Forrest. No. 10,734.

Yunnan :—Fengkow Valley. Shrub of 8-12 ft. Flowers
pale lemon-yellow, alae rose-purple. Open dry situations
among scrub. 7000 ft. G. Forrest. No. 12,494.
~ Yunnan:—On the Tong Shan in the Yangtze bend. Shrub
of 4-5 ft. Open dry situations amongst scrub. 10,000 ft.
G. Forrest. No. 11,018.

I10 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. ”

yer Linaria yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

08

Species affinis L. thibeticae, Franch. a qua foliis latis, in-
florescentiis densis, caleare minimo inter alia signa recedit.

Planta annua 45-75 cm. alta erecta. Caulis sat robustus
subteres glaucus infra fere nudus supra bene foliatus, glaber
vel subglaber regione inflorescentiae villosulae excepta. Folia
sessilia alterna late lanceolata vel late oblanceolata vel subellip-
tica, vulgo 4-6 cm. longa, 1.5-3.5 cm. lata, basi + late cuneata
apice breviter acutata, integra carnosula glabra supra laete
viridia infra glauca. Inflorescentia simplex vel ramosa; rami
(usque 7) elongati 10-20 cm. longi erecto-fastigiati apice tantum
floriferi, pilis confervoideis fulvis -+ dense induti. Flores in
racemos densos + 20-floros 4-5 cm. longos (in fructu ad ro cm.
auctos) dispositi; bracteae lanceolatae vel ovatae + .5 mm.
longae confervoideo-pilosae ; pedicelli + 2 mm. longi floribus
breviores pilosae. Calycis 7-8 mm. longi lobi lineari-oblongi
praesertim ad margines dense confervoideo-pilosi. Corolla lutea
+ 12 mm. longa ; calcar 4 mm. longum aduncum gracile ; tubus
circ. 6 mm. longus, basi -—- 5 mm. latus; labium anticum ad
palatum villosulum. Capsula globosa seminibus discoideis
+ 100 nigridis + 1.5 mm. diametro ala lata cinctis disco
muriculato praeditis.

“Plant of 18-30 inches. Flowers yellow. In fruit. Open
stony pasture on the Chungtien plateau, Yunnan. Lat..27° 55’
N. Alt. gooo-r0,000 ft. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,001.

Also cultivated (from seeds collected by George Forrest) and
flowering in August, 1915.

Lonicera Farreri, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate L. serpyllifoliae, Rehder et L. aemu-
lantis, Rehder a quibus foliis glaberrimis inter alia differt ; haud
procul a L. obovata, Royle, specie himalaica.

Fruticulus gracilis circiter metralis ramulis junioribus rubridis
glabris vetustioribus griseis. Folia decidua floribus subcoetanea
atque una cum eis prima aetate apicem ramulorum versus
approximata, usque ad I cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, oblanceolata
vel anguste obovata apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi in
petiolum vix 1 mm. superantem cuneata, textura tenuia supra
laete viridia glaberrima infra pallidiora in parte inferiore ad
costam squamis lunatis albidis seriatim praedita cetera glabra :
nervi bene reticulati pellucidi. Flores bini pedunculis gracilibus
erectis circ. 4 mm. longis glabris suffulti; bracteae lineari-

medium vel ultro connatae glabrae. Ovaria fere ex toto connata

aus?

SPECIES CHINENSES. ; ae

vix 2 mm. longa, glabra ut margo calycis brevis denticulata.
Corolla gracilis tubulosa 12-13 mm. longa extus glabra intus
basi sparse albo-villosa roseo-purpurea ; tubus + I cm. longus
gracillimus basi gibbosus ; lobi suborbiculares erecti subaequales.
Stamina medio tubo inserta, corollae lobos paululo superantia
filamentis glabris. Stylus exsertus, stamina paulo superans in
parte inferiore sparse albo-villosus. Fructus desunt.

‘A little frail bush of 3 feet or so, with flattened outspread
sprays from which the rosy bugles hang—a plant of unique
charm. There are larger and coarse approximations to this,
in the lower Alpine coppice of the Satanee Range, from
7000-8000 ft.; but of this form I have only seen two certain
plants—one just above Chago by the pathside, and the other
on a cliff above a torrent in a deep ghyll behind Ga-hoba.
6th May, roth May 1914. Kansu, West China.” Farrer
and Purdom. No. 46.

This new species will occupy in Rehder’s Synopsis of the
Genus Lonicera (Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep., 1903, p. 53) a place
next to L. aemulans, Rehd.; or if the very small bractlets are
given importance, it must be placed next to L. obovata, Royle.
In habit it is not unlike L. microphylla, Willd.,from which its
long slender corolla with short lobes is a sufficient mark of
distinction.

Microstylis orbicularis, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.
Species ex affinitate M. acutangulae, Hook. f.; habitu flori-

-busque valde similis; floribus purpureis minoribus labelli

auriculis diversis inter alia signa minora divergit ; ab omnibus
speciebus chinensibus adhuc descriptis satis remota.

Planta terrestris erecta 30-50 cm. alta, rhizomate brevi,
bulbo subterraneo ovoideo vaginis membranaceis circumdato.
Folia 2-3, erecto-patentia, petiolo scapum basi alte vaginante,
usque ad 15 cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata, late lanceolata acuta
siccando tenuiter membranacea utrinque glabra. Scapus erectus
strictus folia multo superans glaber basi longe nudus, medio
atque superne bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 6-8 mm. longis deflexis
crebre ornatus; racemus sublaxe multiflorus pedicellis cum
ovariis gracilibus + 5 mm. longis. Flores siccitate atro-pur-

‘purei illis M. acutangulae forma subsimiles; sepala libera

patentia, lateralia + 5 mm. longa elliptica obtusa, posticum
angustius + 6 mm. longum 3-nervium. Petala sepalum posti-
cum vix aequantia linearia ; labellum sessile latissimum ambitu
fere orbiculare -- 8 mm. diametro lamina denticulis + 20 alte
pectinata auriculis laminam -++ aequantibus columnam amplec-
tentibus apice subrotundatis basi lamina haud discretis. Columna
brevis ; ovarium anguste clavatum glabrum.

a>

ave

112 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

In the neighbourhood of Tengyueh, Yunnan, 1912. Howell.
No. 334.
Microstylis acutangula, Hook. f., from the Malay Peninsula,
appears to be the nearest akin to the above species (see Hook.
Ic. Plant. tab. 1835); the structure of the flower is very
similar, though there are differences in the colour and in the
labellum. The specific name refers to the orbicular outline of
the labellum and its auricles.

Onosma album, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species affinis O. exserto, Hemsl.; habitu minore, foliis
linearibus, calyce aliter setoso, corolla alba inter alia signa
recedit.

Planta 60 cm. alta erecta. Caulis ut videtur solitarius e
radice crassa ortus, infra inflorescentiam simplex sat foliosus
setis longiusculis patentibus basi tuberculatis atque setulis
albidis densissime vestitus. Folia basalia, ut caulina, linearia,
8-10 cm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, acuta, basi paulo attenuata,
Sessilia, crassiuscula, supra viridia dense setosa atque setosula
infra incana densissime setosula_ setis longiusculis paucis
intermixtis ; costa supra immersa infra eminens setosa.
Inflorescentia terminalis ad 30 cm. longa e cymis scorpioideis
paucifloris racemose dispositis composita; bracteae primariae
2-4 cm. longae ovato-lanceolatae ceterum foliis similes, supra
sensim magnitudine decrescentes ; bracteae secundariae multo
minores ; pedunculi graciles patentes sub anthesin + 6 cm.
longi, circ. 5-flori, cum pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis dense setosi
atque setosuli. Calyx circ. 1.3 cm. longus ad basim in lobos
quinque lineares partitus dense strigoso-setosus. Corolla calyce
paululo longior, circ. 1.4 cm. longa, tubulosa supra paulo
ampliata, ore + 5 mm. lata, extus dense setosulo-incana, alba,
lobis circ. 2 mm. longis triangularibus erectis vel apice breviter
revolutis. Stamina ad -- 5 mm. exserta filamentis glabris,
antheris cohaerentibus + 1 cm. longis. Stylus circ. 2 cm.
longus filiformis erga basim sparse pilosulus. Fructus deest.

“Plant of 2 ft. Flowers pure white. Open, dry, stony
pasture on the Yung-pi Mountains, Yunnan. Lat. 26° 45 N.
Alt. 10,000 ft. Sept. 1913.”’ G. Forrest. No. 11,188.

Onosma cingulatum, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.
Species affinis O. Forrestii, W. W. Sm. speciei haud bene
cognitae ; foliorum forma atque indumento, corolla intus
glabra annulo capillorum alborum basilari excepto inter alia
divergit.
Planta usque ad 1.5 m. alta erecta. Caulis robustus setis

SPECIES CHINENSES. 113

setulisque fulvis vel albidis dense vestitus. Folia basalia et
inferiora non visa ; caulina superiora 6-8 cm. longa, I.5-2 cm.
lata, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice + acuta, basi
attenuata vix petiolata, siccitate crassiuscula, supra viridia
setis tuberculatis dense vestita, infra praesertim ad costam setis
setulisque abunde praedita. Inflorescentia ramosa, cymis racemi-
formibus in paniculam terminalem 30-60 cm, longam dispositis ;
rami -+ patentes 10-15 cm. longi dense fulvo-setosi atque
setulosi, ut pedicelli + 1 cm. longi; bracteae inferiores foliis
similes sed minores, superne sensim decrescentes, supremae
breves lineares. Calyx + 1 cm. longus ad basim in lobos
lineares partitus dense fulvo-setosus atque setulosus. Corolla
- m. longa calycem aequans tubulosa supra staminum
insertionem sensim dilatata ad fauces in sicco -—- 6 mm. lata,
extus dense setuloso-incana, intus glabra annulo capillorum
alborum sub insertionem staminum posito excepto, rosea, lobis
brevissimis vix 1 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis obtusis saepe apiculatis.
Stamina inclusa filamentis circ. 4 mm. longis glabris, antheris
basi levissime cohaerentibus + 4 mm. longis. Stylus calycem
+ aequans glaber. Nuculae ovoideae laeves glabrae + 2 mm.
longae.

Yunnan:—In pastures on plateaux near Tcha-ho. Alt.
2800 m. Flowers rose. E. E. Maire. Nos. 296 (anno I9I4),
892 (anno 1906) in Herb. Edin.

The annulus of white hairs near the base of the corolla-tube
brings this species near to O. Forrestit, W. W. Sm., and dis-
tinguishes it easily from the other Chinese species.

27 Onosma Hookeri, Clarke, var. Wardii, W. W. Sm. Var. nov.
: A planta typica sikkimensi habitu elatiore caule flexuoso
folioso, foliis latioribus, inflorescentia laxiore, floribus paulo
majoribus, calyce 1.5 cm. longo, corolla + 2 cm. longa, aliquan-
tulum recedit. In speciminibus cultis corolla purpureo-coerulea,
ore rubra.
N.W. Yunnan:—At Ka-gwr-pw near the Tibetan frontier,
at an elevation of 13,000 ft. July 1913. F.K. Ward. No. 902.
Grown also from seed by Bees, Ltd.

Zul Onosma oblongifolium, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.
Inter species sinenses himalaicasque haec foliis magnis
oblongis latissimis distinguitur.

Planta 60-75 cm. alta erecta. Caulis ut videtur solitarius
robustus e radice crassa ortus infra inflorescentiam simplex sat
foliosus setis basi tuberculatis setulisque hispidus. Folia basalia
delapsa ; caulina 8-12 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, oblonga apice

on

114 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM Novarum.

obtusa basi rotundata vix attenuata, sessilia insertione lata,
crassiuscula, supra viridia setis tuberculatis setulisque scabrida
infra pallidiora dense setosula; costa infra eminens setosula
setis longiusculis paucis intermixtis ; folia suprema + ovato-
oblonga sensim decrescentia. Inflorescentia ramosa cymis

-Tacemiformibus in paniculam terminalem usque ad 25 .cm.

longam dispositis >, rami subfastigiati 10-20 cm. longi dense
setuloso-hispidi; pedicelli -- I cm. longi setulosi; bracteae
inferiores foliis similes sed ovatae minores, superne serfsim
decrescentes, supremae breves lineares. Calyx + 1 cm. longus
ad basim in lobos lineares partitus patenti-setosus atque dense
setuloso-hispidus. Corolla circ. I-5 cm. longa tubulosa supra
staminum insertionem sensim dilatata ad fauces 7-8 mm. lata,
extus dense setuloso-incana, intus parce setulosa, coeruleo-rosea,
lobis brevissimis vix 1 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis obtusis. Stamina
inclusa filamentis circ. 7 mm. longis pilosulis, antheris cohaerenti-
bus ++ 7 mm. longis. Stylus circ. 1.8 cm. longus sparse pilosulus.
Nuculae ovoideae apiculatae tuberculatae sub lente lepidotae.

“ Plant of 2-24 ft. Flowers bluish-rose. Open stony pasture
in the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. ‘Sept. 1913.’ G. Forrest.
No. 11,198.

The broad oblong leaves distinguish this species well. The
tuberculate finely lepidote seeds are also noteworthy.

Oxyspora Howellii, J. F. Jeff. et W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

ultra; pedunculi infra ferrugineo-hirsuti, supra cum petiolis
3-5 mm. longis furfuracei ; bracteae subulatae vix 1 mm. longae.
Receptaculum circ. 4 mm. longum, ore circ. 3 mm. latum,

clavato-campanulatum, sparsius furfuraceum ; lobi brevissimi

SPECIES CHINENSES. Ii5

triangulares. Petala circ. 4 mm. longa, late ovata, in sicco
purpurea. Stamina 8, subsimilia flava, longiora 8-9 mm. longa.
Stylus filiformis stamina subaequans. Fructus deest.

In the neighbourhood of Tengyueh, Yunnan, at an altitude
unknown. Howell. No. 125 in Herb. Edin.

The nearest ally is the Khasian Oxyspora vagans, Wall. We
do not find that the stamens are differentiated into four purple
and four yellow, but possibly the flowers are not developed
sufficiently far for the purple colour to become maniiest.

Passiflora (§ Decaloba-Polyanthea) jugorum, W. W. 5m.

Inter species chinenses ad P. Henryt, Hemsl. spectat quae
ramis glabris floribus fasciculatis minoribus corona fauciali
duplici differt; haud procul a P. Leschenaultii, DC. quae
floribus solitariis inter alia divergit; a P. cupiformi, Mast.
floribus majoribus corona fauciali simplici dignoscitur; P.
perpera, Mast. valde affinis ramis glabris discriminatur.

Frutex scandens ad 2—3 m. pertinens ramis floriferis gracilibus
sulcatis dense albido- patenti-pilosis. Folia vulgo 4-6.6 cm.
longa 4-6.6 cm. lata, forma eis P. Leschenaultit, DC. subsimilia,
truncata, margine inferiore rotundata, margine superiore trilo-
bata lobis apiculatis lateralibus triangularibus acutis paululo
patentibus intermedio multo minore, tenuiter papyracea supra
glabra nisi ad nervos marginesque pilosulos, infra subdense
molliter albido-pilosa ; mervi basi orientes 5, exteriores non-
nunquam minus distincti; petioli ad 2.5 cm. longi dense
patenti-pilosi sub medio glandulis duabus sessilibus ornati.
Cirrhi simplices graciles. Flores circ. 3 cm. diametro cymosi ;
cymae saepius in foliorum axillis binae vulgo 3-7-florae petiolos
vix superantes ramulis pilosis ; pedunculi articulati 1-1.3 cm.
longi glabri. Sepala et petala subsimilia circ. 1.5 cm. longa
ovato-oblonga obtusa. Corona faucialis simplex; filamenta
filiformia petalis triente breviora ; corona interior erecta plicata.
Ovarium globosum glabrum gynophoro circ. 6 mm. longo
suffultum. Fructus deest.

“ Scandent shrubby plant of 6-9 ft. Flowers pale creamy-
white and purple. On scrub in open situations on the Shweli-
Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 8000 ft. April
1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,330.

A much more pilose plant than its nearest Chinese allies.
As in the allied P. Henryi, the leaves show much variation,
truncate and non-truncate leaves appearing on the same shoot.
Such a variety is exemplified in the sheet quoted below.

“ Scandent shrubby plant of 6-9 ft. Flowers creamy-yellow,
with purplish centre. On scrub and rock in lava-bed west of

116 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOoOVARUM.

Tengyueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000 ft. May 1913.”
G. Forrest. No. 11,941. ;

wi? Pieris bracteata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

é
wy?

Species affinis P. japonicae, D. Don a qua habitu, racemis
longebracteatis, calyce lobato nec partito, lobis omnino diversis,
ovario semi-supero inter alia signa recognoscitur.

Frutex 1-2 m. altus erectus ramulis robustis strictis glabris.
Folia superiora tantum visa circ. 4.5 cm. longa, I-1.5 cm. lata,
subsessilia, lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, coriacea
margine serrulata utrinque glabra, supra atroviridia, infra
olivacea, nervis supra obscuris infra paulo conspicuis. In-
florescentiae in axillis foliorum terminalium orientes -- approxi-
Matae racemosae ; racemi 3-5, erecti stricti - 15 cm. longi
laxiflori glabri; bracteae conspicuissimae I-2 cm. longae,
3-5 mm. latae, lanceolatae acuminatae glanduloso-serrulatae
olivaceae subpersistentes ; bracteolae lineares : pedicelli 3-4
mm. longi. Flores + nutantes albi roseo-tincti fragrantes.
Calyx circ. 2.5 mm. longus glaber; pars inferior semiglobosa
ovario adhaerens; lobi + 1 mm. longi ovati apice obtusi
vel acuti saepe subfimbriati. Corollae + x cm. longae tubus
cylindricus 3-4 mm. latus glaber vel subglaber: lobi 5 tri-
angulares 1.5-2 mm. longi. Stamina circ. 6 mm. longa fila-
mentis ad 3 mm. longis longiuscule albo-pilosis apice biaristatis,
antheris tubulis brevioribus. Ovarium semisuperum glabrum ;
stylus circ. 9 mm. longus. Fructus deest.

“Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers white, tinged deep-rose. Fra-
grant. Open situations amongst scrub in the hills to the east
of Tengyueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Nov.
191z." G. Forrest. No. 9255.

This is a peculiar species of Pieris, akin in its foliage to
P. japonica, D. Don, in its flower to P. ovalifolia, D. Don.
The semi-superior ovary and the calyx-lobes, along with the
very conspicuous bracts, serve to distinguish it readily from its
congeners.

Pieris compta, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species yunnanensis foliis parvis ellipticis integris obtusis
haud acuminatis subtus pulchre reticulatis, corolla extus albo-
pilosula bene conspicua.

Frutex sempervirens ramis teretibus gracilibus primo minute
pubescentibus cito glabrescentibus. Folia 1.5-2.5 cm. longa
5-15 mm. lata latiuscule vel anguste elliptica apice rotundata
vel obtusa minute indurato-apiculata basi rotundata vel sub-
rotundata, integra paululo revoluta corneo-marginata valde

yyol

SPECIES CHINENSES. 117

coriacea supra olivacea glabra costa inconspicua nervis obscuris
infra pallidiora glabra vel subglabra (basim ipsam versus non-
nunquam pilosa) glandulis minutis nigris conspersa pulchre
reticulata costa nervisque elevatis; petiolus 1-2 mm. longus
pilosulus vel subglaber; folia regionis floralis minora sub-
bracteiformia. Racemi apicem ramulorum versus 5—6-approxi-
mati axillares 10-15 cm. longi simplices graciles multiflori fere
ad basim floriferi minute puberuli; flores nutantes dimidio
inflorescentiae inferiore distantes (I-1.5 cm.) in axillis foliorum
caulinis similium orientes, supra magis approximati bracteis
lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis 3-5 mm. longis praediti ;_ pedicelli
+ 5 mm. longi arcuati puberuli basi bracteolis duabus subulatis
ornati, in fructu ad r cm. aucti. Calycis sparse pilosuli lobi
circ. 2 mm. longi ovato-lanceolati acutiusculi coriacei glandulis
minutis nigris conspersi. Corolla urceolaris alba 5-6 mm. longa
extus -- dense appresse albo-pilosula lobulis brevibus triangu-
laribus erectis. Stamina 10 inclusa; filamenta basi corollae
cohaerentia infra complanata medio geniculatim flexa ; antherae
conspicue biaristatae. Ovarium depresso-globosum sericeo-pilo-
sulum. Fructus globosus circ. 3.5 mm, diametro ; semina
delapsa.

Yunnan :—In the vicinity of Yunnansen. Shrub of moist
valleys. Flowers milky white. E. E. Maire. No. 1071 (anno
1906) in Herb. Edin. Moist places in the mountains. Maire.
No. 1874 (anno 1906) in Herb. Edin.

A graceful shrub with very distinctive foliage. The flowers
are borne in slender racemes somewhat distant, subtended
below by foliage leaves which diminish gradually until in the
upper part of the inflorescence they are replaced by small bracts
less than half the length of the pedicels.

Pieris polita, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate P. japonicae, D. Don a qua inflorescentiis
elongatis simplicibus, gracilioribus substrictis, calyce triente
longiore inter alia recedit.

Frutex sempervirens ramis teretibus eis socii supra citati
similibus. Folia 7-12 cm. longa, 1.5-3 cm. lata lanceolata
vel lineari-lanceolata vel oblanceolata apice acuta vel eodem
specimine rotundata, basi in petiolum 5-8 mm. longum glabrum
cuneata, apice tantum minute serrulata coriacea supra atro-
viridia glabra costa paulo elevata minute glanduloso-puberula
excepta, infra pallidiora glabra costa straminea eminente,
utrinque glandulis minutis nigris raris comspersa, nervis venu-
lisque supra sat conspicuis infra saepe indistinctis. Racemi
5-I0 apicem rami versus aggregati axillares 8-12 cm. longi
simplices graciles substricti multiflori fere ad basim floriferi

HA

au"

118 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

minute glanduloso-puberuli ; bracteae 2-3 mm. longae subulatae
glabrae ; pedicelli + 5 mm. longi minute puberuli medio
bracteolis duabus subulatis praediti. Calycis lobi circ. 4 mm.
longi ovato-lanceolati acuti coriacei glandulis minutis nigris
conspersi. Corolla urceolaris, ut videtur alba, 7-8 mm. longa
ore circ. 3 mm. diametro lobulis brevissimis erectis rotundatis.
Stamina Io inclusa eis P. japonicae subsimilia. Ovarium

depresso-globosum stylo gracili corollam aequante. Fructus

eest.
In the N.W. of the Province of Fukien. 1914. Coll. J. de
la Touche. No. 68.
A species closely allied to Preris japonica, D. Don, but with
a very distinct inflorescence of long substrict racemes, much
slenderer than those of its ally and without branching.

Plectranthus oresbius, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis P. rugoso, Wall. a quo habitu ramosis-
simo foliis minoribus utrinque incano-tomentosis floribus lavan-
dulaceis inter alia discrepat.

Fruticulus usque ad 60 cm. altus ramosissimus ramis vetusti-
oribus defoliatis decorticantibus, junioribus bene foliatis densis-
sime incano-stellato-tomentellis. Folia petiolo + 3 mm. longo
tomentello suffulta, ovata apice obtusa basi rotundata vel
cordatula, regulariter crenulata, crassiuscula, 8-13 mm. longa,
5-9 mm. lata, supra dense incano-stellato-tomentella, infra
densissime niveo-tomentella, utrinque rugosula. Racemus foli-
atus; cymae ex axillis foliorum superne decrescentium ortae
plerumque 4-5-florae ; pedunculi ad 5 mm. longi tomentelli.
Calyx + 3 mm. longus fulvo-tomentellus usque ad medium in
dentes 4-5 subaequales triangulares acutos fissus. Corolla
lavendulacea extus pilosula ; tubus paululo calyce exsertus basi
gibbus ; limbus tubo subaequalis labio postico 4-fido vix 3 mm.

2 Sas of2ft. Flowers pale soft lavender, fragrant. Open
dry situations amongst rocks on the mountains in the N.E. of
the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft.
Sept: Ioz3... .G. Forrest... NG. 14,354.

Plectranthus tenuifolius, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate P. rugosi, Wall. et P. oresbiz, W. W. Sm.
foliis minimis haud stellato-tomentosis inter alia divergit ;
structura floris ad P. glaucocalycem, Maxim. spectat

Fruticulus usque ad 60 cm. altus ramosissimus ramis
vetustioribus griseis, junioribus elongatis gracillimis dense
incano-tomentellis. Folia petiolo ++ 1 mm. longo tomentello

SPECIES CHINENSES. 119

suffulta, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata apice acuta vel acutius-
cula basi -+ cuneata vel subrotundata, integra siccitate chartacea
8-10 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata, supra viridia dense minute
pilosula infra densissime incano-tomentella. Racemus foliatus
ad 20 cm. longus cymulis remotis plerumque 4—5-floris ex axillis
foliorum superne decrescentium ortis ; pedunculi 2-5 mm. longi
et pedicelli tomentelli. Calyx circ. 2 mm. longus (fructu fere
ad 4°mm. auctus) incano-tomentellus ad trientem in dentes
subaequales triangulares acutos fissus. Corella pallido-coerulea
extus pilosula; tubus vix exsertus basi cylindricus ; limbus
tubo paululo longior limbo postico 4-fido. Filamenta parte
inferiore pilosula. Semina brunnea.

“Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers pale blue. Open situations in
the Yangtze Valley at Pung-tzu-la, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 50’ N.
Alt. 6000 ft. August 1914.”’ G. Forrest. No. 13,184.

\O Pouzolzia elegantula, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis P. elegantz, i ore a oe foliis minoribus
rhomboideis grossius incisis inter alia diffe

Fruticulus metralis ramulis patulis pain dense hispidulis.
Folia alterna + 1 cm. longa, + 1 cm. lata, rhomboidea, apice
ipso acuta, basi late cuneata, in parte inferiore integra, supra
grosse serrata serraturis utrinque 3-4, utraque facie subcinera-
scentia adpresse strigosula ; petiolus + 1 mm. longus ; stipulae
parvae ovatae acuminatae. Inflorescentiae ex axillis omnibus
ortae 2-3 mm. latae floribus femineis masculisque intermixtis.
Calycis segmenta 4 acuminata extra hispidula. Stamina ovarium
achaenium eis P. elegantis, Wedd. subsimilia.

‘Shrub of 3 ft. Flowers brown. Dry rocky situations on
the Tong Shan, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. 8000 ft. July
1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,723.

A dwarf shrub differing from the Formosan plant P. elegans,
Wedd. in the small rhomboid leaves, which are deeply in-
cised in proportion to their size. Forrest No. 12,590, from the
Chungtien plateau, agrees with Hancock’s No. 326 referred in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvi, 489, to P. elegans, Wedd.

xd Premna acutata, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis P. ywnnanensi, W. W. Sm. a qua foliis
ad 10 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis, lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis
longiuscule acuminatis basi late cuneatis argute serratis
utrinque sparse pilosulis vel subglabris, calyce altius fisso
divergit.

“ Shrub of 3-5 ft. In fruit. Open scrub on the Tong Shan

D

120°. DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NovARUM.

in the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. gooo ft.
Sept. 1913.”’ G. Forrest. No. 11,058.

“ Shrub of 6-9 ft. Fruits black. July 1914.” G. Forrest.
No. 12,739.

“yA
4° Premna mekongensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis P. ywnnanensi, W. W. Sm. a qua foliis
pilosioribus calyce altius fisso lobis anpustioribis, corolla
longiore flavida inter alia divergit.

Fruticulus 60-90 cm. altus erectus ramosus ; rami teretes
juniores tomento incano crispato dense tecti. Folia siccitate
chartacea vulgo 3-5 cm. longa, 2—3 cm. lata, ovata, apice acuta
vel subobtusa, vix acuminata, basi rotundata, crenato-serrata,
supra modice incano-pilosula, infra breviter incano-tomentosa
nervis utrinque 4-5 supra obscuris infra sat conspicuis ; petioli
+ 1cm. longi incano-tomentosi. Cymae terminales subglobosae
circ. I cm. diametro densiflorae 6—12-florae pedunculis pedicel-
lisque brevissimis incano-pilosis bracteis bracteolisque linearibus
dense pilosis. ‘Calyx campanulatus 6-7 mm. longus infra
medium in lobos quinque subaequales lineari-lanceolatos fissus
dense incano-patenti-pilosus glandulis circularibus sparse punc-
tatus. Corolla calyce paullo longior circ. 8 mm. longa
flavida ; tubus vix exsertus extus glaber intus ad fauces albo-
villosus; limbus bilabiatus; labium superum rotundatum
circ. 2 mm. diametro emarginatum purpureo-tinctum extus
glanduloso-punctatum atque villosulum, inferum 3-lobum basi
sparse glandulosum pilis paucis conspersum. Stamina 4 inclusa
filamentis glabris. Ovarium obovoideum glabrum stylo gracili
5 mm. longo, stigmate capitato. Drupa circ. 4 mm. longa
siccitate nigra glabra bilocularis.

“ Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers dull yellow. Open dry situations
amongst rocks in the Mekong Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 40’ N.
Alt. gooo ft. Aug. 1914.’’ G. Forrest. No. 13,071.

ye’ Var. meiophylla, W. W. Sm. Var. nov. .
Ramis gracilioribus, foliis multo minoribus inflorescentiis
paucifloris rece
“ Shrub. of 2-3 ft. In fruit. Dry stony pastures in ee
Yangtze Valley at Taku, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 30
7000-8000 ft. Aug. 1914.’ G. Forrest. No. 13,049.

ar Premna yunnanensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.
Species ex affinitate P. nanae, Coll. et Hemsl. a qua inter
alia calyce infra medium fisso differt.
Fruticulus usque ad 2 m. altus erectus ramosus; rami

SPECIES CHINENSES. 121

juniores dense incano-crispato-villosuli, tandem glabri cinera-
scentes. Folia siccando chartacea, vulgo 4—6 cm. longa, 1.5-3
cm. lata, ovata, apice obtusa vel breviter obtusiuscule acuminata,
basi rotundata, crenato-serrata (nonnunquam irregulariter vel
obscure), supra atro-viridia sparse pilosula, utrinque minute
glandulosa, infra incano-pilosula, ad costam nervosque densius ;
nervi utrinque 4-5 infra subconspicui; petioli -+- 1 cm. longi
dense incano-villosuli. Cymae terminales subglobosae I-2 cm.
diametro densiflorae + 12-florae pedunculis pedicellisque brevi-
bus pilosis, bracteis bracteolisque linearibus 2-3 mm. longis.
Calyx campanulatus + 4 mm. longus infra medium in lobos
quinque subaequales anguste triangulares vel sublineares fissus
+ pilosus minute glandulosus. Corolla circ. 6 cm. longa pallide
rosea ; tubus vix exsertus extus subglaber intus ad fauces capillis
confervoideis subfusco-villosus; limbus bilabiatus; labium
superum rotundatum circ. 4 mm. diametro extus glanduloso-
punctatum atque villosulum, inferum 3-lobum. Stamina 4 in-
clusa filamentis supra glabris basi ipsa fusco-villosis. Ovarium
obovoideum glabrum. Drupa vix matura circ. 4 mm. longa
saepe bilocularis nigra glabra apice pilosulo excepto.

“Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers pale rose. Open dry situations
amongst rocks on the Tong Shan in the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 11,240. ae

I take the following two sheets to represent the same species ;
the leaves are smaller and the flowers not well developed :—

‘“* Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers pale yellow. In open situations
on the margins of thickets in the mountains of the Chungtien
plateau, S.E. of Chungtien, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt.
to0,000 ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,527.

“Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers dull green. In open scrub in
the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,o00-11,000 ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 10,351.

The calyx with lobes longer than the tube is rather remarkable
for the genus. Closely allied are two other species from the
same province. The calyx and fruit are much alike in all three,
but there are considerable differences in the leaves and corolla.
P. mekongensis, W. W. Sm. differs from P. yunnahensis in the
more pilose leaves, deeper-cut calyx, and longer narrower corolla
of a yellow colour. Its leaves are much affected by disease, and
that may have had some influence on the hairiness. The third
species, P. acutata, W. W. Sm., differs from the other two in the
acuminate sharply-serrate leaves with a cuneate base and almost
glabrous on both surfaces. Unfortunately flowers are lacking.
The brief diagnosis above distinguishes it from P. yunnanensis,

a)

¥

122 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Roscoea Humeana,* Balf. f. et W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis R. Chamaeleoni, Gagnep. sed habitu minus
praecociore, floribus permagnis, labello lobis corollae lateralibus
breviore inter alia signa divergit.

Herba perennis pro genere robusta ad 20 cm. alta. Radices
fusiformes plurimae fasciculatae. WVaginae epigaeae 2-3 virides
glabrae. Folia sub anthesi + evoluta, nonnunquam paulo
seriora, 4—6, late lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata sessilia arcte
imbricata basi longe vaginantia caulem omnino celantia, sub-
acuta haud acuminata utrinque glabra 10-20 cm. longa usque ad
6 cm. lata. Spica 2~8-flora folia summa haud superans, sessilis
nec ope pedunculi elevata; bracteae lanceolatae subacutae
virides foliaceae glabrae ad 6 cm. longae. Flores violaceo-
purpurei maximi. Calyx usque ad 10 cm. longus anguste
tubulosus apice bilobulatus tenuiter membranaceus glaber.
Corollae tubus nunc calycem aequans nunc triente longior ;
lobus posticus + 4 cm. longus medio 3 cm. latus basi -- 8 mm.
latus, erectus concavus apice rotundatus apiculatus; lobi
laterales oblanceolati 4-4.5 cm. longi medio 1. 5 cm. lati obtusius-
culi; labelli limbus ad 2.5 cm. longus, circ. 3 cm. latus ambitu
iregulariter subquadratus usque ad unguem rigidum 1.5 cm.
longum fissus. Staminodia lateralia 1.7 cm. longa asymmetrice .
oblanceolata alba purpureo-tincta ; filamentum erectum circ.
5 mm. longum + 3 mm. latum canaliculatum; anthera -- 1.2
cm. longa basi in duo calcaria parallela 5 mm. longa viridi-lutea
provecta. Stigma turbinatum pilosum; stylus ad 10 cm.
longus; ovarium cylindricum glabrum circ. I cm. longum.
Typi ex horto exsiccati in Herb. Edin. conservati.

West China :—Province of Yunnan. Cultivated in the Royal
Botanic Garden from seeds secured by Mr. George Forrest.
It flowered freely in June 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1915. It is the
finest species as yet known in the genus, and apparently quite
hardy. Its large flowers are of a beautiful violet to bluish-
purple, and occur in compact spikes of 4-8 flowers at the same
time as the leaves, occasionally to some extent precocious. The
affinity of this plant is undoubtedly with R. Chamaeleon, Gagnep.;
it differs from the plant described by Gagnepain in the less pre-
cocious habit, in the much larger flowers, and in the lateral lobes
of the corolla exceeding the labellum, which has lobes oblique
reniform and-not lanceolate. K. Schumann in his Monograph of
the Zingiberaceae (Engler’s Das Pflanzenreich, 1904), p. 122, gives
additional notes on the dimensions of Gagnepain’s plant—calyx

* The specific name is given to keep in memory Private David Hume, tst

Batt. The Royal Scots, a young gardener of the staff of the Royal Botanic Garden,

dinburgh, who fell in action during the retreat from Mons on 26th August rg14.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 123

3.5-4 cm. long, posterior lobe of corolla 1-1.2 cm. broad; the
corresponding dimensions in R. Humeana are two to three times
“as great.

23°! Salvia benecincta, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Inter species chinenses haec in vicinitatem S. hiantis, Royle
ponenda; inflorescentiis prima aetate strobiloideis bracteis
imbricatis fere celatis, postea bracteis conspicuis ornatis notanda.

Hérba perennis 40-60 cm. alta. Caulis robustus + dense
fulvo-tomentellus. Folia basalia non visa; caulina superiora
remota petiolo 4-10 cm. longo fulvo-tomentello suffulta ; lamina
g-18 cm. longa, 4-10 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-
lanceolata, apice obtusiuscula, basi subhastata vel cordatula,
siccando papyracea, margine irregulariter crenata, supra +
pilosula, infra ad costam nervosque fulvo-tomentella, cetera
minute pilosula. Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares 12 cm.
longae vel paulo ultro pedunculo + 12 cm. longo praeditae,
racemiformes verticillastris 7-10 approximatis + 4-floris com-
positae, prima aetate strobiloideae bracteis arcte imbricatis
vestitae ; rhachis dense fulvo-villosa; bracteae ad 2.5 cm. longae
lanceolatae vel + late ovatae, fulvo-pilosae atque ciliatae
calycem semi-celantes ; pedicelli + 5 mm. longi dense pilosi.
Calyx circ. 1.5 cm. longus campanulatus ad nervos dense glandu-
loso-pilosus ; dentes inferiores + 3 mm. longi triangulares
apiculati, superiores in unum coaliti. Corolla + 3 cm. longa ex
collectore rubrida; tubus rectus calyce fere duplo longior
dimidio inferiore cylindricus supra subabrupte ampliatus extus
+ pilosulus; labium superius concavum circ. 5 mm. longum
extus glanduloso-pilosum, inferius aequilongum trilobum lobis
lateralibus parvis, mediano reniformi emarginato . utrinque
fere glabro. Stamina 2 tubo paululo exserta. Stylus inaequa-
liter bifidus.

Yunnan :—Mountain pastures near Lan-ngi-tsin. Alt.
10,000 ft. Flowers red. August. E. E. Maire. In Herb.
Edin., No. 109 (anno I9gI4).

This species is readily distinguished from the Chinese members
of the genus by the prominent bracts enclosing the young
inflorescence and later more or less concealing the calyx.

Xr, Salvia grandifolia, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. campanulatae, Wall. a qua foliis multo
majoribus, petiolis brevioribus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis,
inflorescentiis late ramosis, floribus basi flavidis supra saturate
purpureis inter alia differt.

Herba perennis + i m. alta. Caulis robustus + dense

ANS
o

124 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

glanduloso-hispidus. Folia permagna petiolo 4-7 cm. longo ad
canaliculum dense ferrugineo-tomentoso petiolata (pro lamina
breviter) ; lamina ad 35 cm. longa, ad 25 cm. lata, ambitu late
ovata, apice rotundata, basi subrotundata vel late cuneata,
margine remote sinuato-lobatula lobis rotundatis + 4 cm. latis,
papyracea, utrinque sparse paleaceo-pilosa; caulina remota
multo minora suborbicularia vel obovata, -t integra, sessilia
vel fere sessilia. Inflorescentiae terminales 50 cm. longae vel
ultro late paniculatae; rami ramulique dense fulvidg-pilosi
atque glandulosi; verticillastri remoti pauciflori saepe biflori ;
bracteae + 5 mm. longae ovatae vel lanceolatae pilosae ;
pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi glanduloso-pilosi. Calyx + 1.7 cm.
longus campanulatus membranaceus dense glanduloso-pilosus ;
dentes triangulares acuminati, anteriores circ. 4 mm. longi
posteriores 3, circ. 2 mm. longi. Corolla fere 3 cm. longa basi
flavida supra saturate purpurea; tubus rectus calyce breviter
exsertus superne sensim ampliatus infra glaber supra sparse
glanduloso-pilosulus ; labium superius ‘circ. 1.3 cm. longum
concavum apice rotundatum extus dense glanduloso-pilosulum,
inferius superiori + aequilongum trilobum lobis rotundatis
glabris vel extus sparse pilosulis. Stamina 2 exserta filamentis
glabris, antheris 5 mm. longis. Nuculae ovoideae circ. 4 mm.
longae brunneae

“Plant of pee ft. Flowers—base dull yellow, apex deep
purple-maroon. Open pasture on the margins of thickets in
the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan.
Lat, 27 45°. IN.’ Pee a0,000-1T 000 ft. "Sept. “tgi37"" “es,
Forrest. No. 11,150

This species is distinguished from its Chinese allies by the
huge leaves with comparatively short petioles and the broad,
much-branched inflorescence.

Salvia lichiangensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex dffinitate S. glutinosae, Linn. a qua foliis multo
majoribus ovalibus basi haud truncatis floribus pallido-pur-
pureis inter alia valde divergit.

- Herba perennis 50-60 cm. alta. Caulis robustus pilis
longiusculis paleaceis articulatis dense vestitus. Folia basalia
petiolo piloso 7-18 cm. longo suffulta ; lamina + 20 cm. longa,
1o-It cm. lata, circumscriptione ovalis, apice basique + rotun-
data, margine irregulariter crenata vel bicrenata, papyracea,
utrinque sparse paleaceo-pilosa; caulina remota plerumque
I-2 parla, minora, saepe cordatula, suprema nonnunquam
sessilia. Inflorescentiae terminales ad 20 cm. longae racemi-
formes verticillastris + 7 remotulis 4-8-floris compositae ; axis
ut pedicelli + 1 cm. longi, ut bracteae foliaceae + 5 mm. longae,

SPECIES CHINENSES._ 125

ut calyx, pilis articulatis fulvidis dense obsita. Calyx I-I.5 cm.
longus campanulatus membranaceus fere ad medium bilabiatus
fructu hians; dentes inferiores triangulares + 3 mm. longi,
superiores in unum biapiculatum connati. Corolla + 3 cm.
longa pallido-purpurea; tubus rectus calyce duplo longior
superne sensim ampliatus subglaber ; labium superius paululo
concavum extus dense longiuscule villosum, inferius aequi-
longum trilobum lobis lateralibus extus villosis mediano majore
rotundato emarginato glabro. Stamina 2 tubo paulo exserta.
Stylus bifidus. Nuculae ovoideae + 3 mm. longae brunneae.

‘Plant of 20-24 inches. Flowers pale purple. In open
pine forests in the Lichiang Range, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 35’ N.
Alt. 11,000 ft. June 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,302.

2G6\¥ Sedum Farreri, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. algido, Ledeb. sed petalis acuminatis
flagellato-apiculatis margine erosulis differt; valde proxima
S. rarifloro, N. E. Br. quod floribus laxissimis, sepalis patulis
recedit, petalis subsimilibus gaudet.

Planta perennis radice crassa, caulibus numerosis annuis
ascendentibus + 12 cm. longis circ. 2 mm. latis glabris inflore-
scentia congesta terminatis. Folia alterna + 1.5 cm. longa,
circ. 3 mm. lata, linearia acuta glabra. Pedicelli circ. 3 mm.
longi glabri. Flores conferti 6-10. Bracteae follis similes,
sed minores. Sepala 5 libera 7-8 mm. longa linearia acuta
glabra. Petala 5 libera erecta + I.I cm. longa, circ. 4 mm.
lata, ovato-lanceolata acuminata flagellato-apiculata, in sicco
tenuiter membranacea quasi-scariosa, margine erosula. Sta-
mina I0, circ. 7 mm. longa. Carpella erecta staminibus subae-
quilonga.

‘‘In the limestone screes at great elevations only, from the
Min S’an Alps down to Thundercrown, at 12,000-14,000 ft.
Kansu, West China. 28th Aug. 1914.” Farrer and Purdom.
No. 238. iz

This species is very closely allied to S. rariflorum, N. E. Br.,
which was obtained at gooo ft. elevation in Chihli and described
from a living plant sent t6 Kew in 1914. The petals in form
suggest strongly the acuminate serrulate leaves of many mosses.

1135 Sedum orichalcum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.
Species foliis dense rosulatis ut in Sempervivo, inflorescentiis
ramosis arcuato-cymosis, inter species chinenses distincta.
lanta 10-18 cm. alta rhizomate crasso radicibus multis
fibrosis praedito. Caules 2-4 basi ascendentes mox erecti vel
suberecti foliosi glabri. Folia basalia dense rosulata majora

126 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

3-4.5 cm. longa, + I cm. lata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata
acuta basi rotundata sessilia, margine anguste scariosa non-
nunquam minute erosula carnosa, siccitate plana, glabra ;
caulina laxe imbricata 1.5-2 cm. longa, lanceolata vel oblanceo-
lata, sub insertionem in appendiculam rotundatam fere 2 mm.
longam producta, ceterum basalibus subsimilia. Inflorescentiae
plerumque tri-ramosae, saepe pluri-ramosae; ramuli multo
arcuati 3-4 cm. longi complanati glabri floribus breviter pedi-
cellatis fere continuo praediti; bracteae conspicuae 5-10 mm.
longae, lanceolatae vel oblongae foliis caulinis haud dissimiles
atque eodem modo basi appendiculatae; pedicelli 1-2 mm.
longi. Flores flavi ; sepala 5 lanceolato-deltoidea circ. 2-5 mm.
longa. Petala lanceolata circ. 5-6 mm. longa apice acuta subin-
durata; stamina Io; squamulae minutae lineares ; carpella
5-6. Fructus maturus deest.

“Plant of 4-7 inches. Flowers brassy yellow. Foliage
succulent. On ledges of limestone cliffs in dry situations on
the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45'N.
Alt. 10,000 ft. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,443.

A very distinct plant among Chinese and Himalayan species
of Sedum; with the flowers of a Sedum, it has the habit of a
Sempervivum ; its strongly arcuate infl very striking.

age Sedum Purdomii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species haec nana ex affinitate S. Roborowskii, Maxim. esse
videtur.

Planta annua erecta humilis 4.5-5.5 cm. alta a basi ramosa
vel simplex glabra. Folia sparsa carnosa laxe imbricata vel
remotiuscula linearia + 5 mm. longa vix 1 mm. lata obtusa.
Bracteae foliis subsimiles. Inflorescentia trifida ; cymulae 3-5-
florae ; pedicelli 4 mm. longi. Sepala basilibera -- 2 mm. longa
oblonga obtusa viridia. Petala + 5 mm. longa anguste oblan-
ceolata obtusiuscula flava. Stamina petalis paululo breviora.
Carpella infra connata staminibus paulo breviora.

“High alpine screes. 11,000-12,000 ft. Kansu, West
China. Early August 1914.” Farrer and Purdom. No. 238.

A dwarf floriferous annual. Of the N.E. Asiatic species the
nearest affinity appears to be S. Roborowskii, Maxim. The
material is unfortunately scanty, but does not match any species
recorded from China or N.E. Asia.

weer Senecio glomeratus, J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species valde affinis S. glumaceo, Dunn, qui foliis ovatis
capitulis unifloris pappo rubrido separatur: a S. triligulato,
Ham. absentia ligulorum inter alia recedit ; haud procul a

SPECIES CHINENSES. 127

S. diantho, Franch. qui forma texturaque foliorum satis dis-
crepat.

Planta verisimiliter usque ad I m. alta; pars superior
tantum adest. Caulis erectus flexuosus gracilis striatus sat
foliosus tomento fulvo praesertim in parte suprema + dense
vestitus. Folia 6-24 cm. longa, 1.5-6 cm. lata, petiolo I-2 cm.
longo + fulvo-tomentoso suffulta, late lanceolata acuminata
basi cuneata margine crenato-serratula serraturis indurato-
apiculatis, tenuiter membranacea supra sparse puberula vel
scabridula infra pallidiora fere glabra nervis utrinque 8-9,
subtus prominulis nervulis bene reticulatis. Inflorescentia ampla
ramosa paniculata glomerulis contracto-corymbosis peduncu-
latis composita ; glomeruli 1.5-2 cm. diametro 20-25 capitula
gerentes, saepe 2-3 arcte compacti ramulos_ terminantes ;
pedunculi primarii + 10 cm. longi, secundarii 5-15 mm. longi
omnes fulvo-tomentosi;. bracteae inflorescentiarum inferiores
foliis similes sed minores. Capitula subsessilia 4—-5-flora. In-
volucri tubulosi 3 mm. longi phylla majora 5 ovata subacuta
brunnea marginibus subscariosis sparse puberula, basi phylla
multo minora 5 subulata. Flores ligulati nulli; flores tubulosi
5-8 mm. longi aurantiaci (?). Achaenia 1.5 mm. longa linearia
glabra pappo 4 mm. longo fragili albo praedita.

Near Tengyueh, Yunnan, ro1r. Howell. No. 141.

Alc Senecio incisifolius, J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Jacobaeae, affinis S. chrysanthemoidi, DC. ;
habitu S. nikoensem, Miq. revocat; foliis pinnatisectis seg-
mentis acutissimis conspicua.

Planta erecta gracilis circ. 75 cm. alta radicibus fibrosis
praedita ; caulis simplex striatus glaber supra sat foliosus infra
defoliatus. Folia 9-10 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, pinnatisecta
jugis 3-4, segmentis + oblongis acuminatis 2—3 cm. longis grosse
dentatis, dentibus plerumque quinque, tenuiter membranacea
utrinque glabra vel subglabra costa subtus sparse albo-pilosa
excepta. Inflorescentia terminalis 5-7 cm. longa capitulis

= 15-30 mediocribus subumbellatim corymbosis composita ;
pedunculi 1.5-3 cm. longi fulvo-villosuli ; bracteae inferiores
foliis subsimiles sed multo mimnores, supra multo reductae
lineares -+ 1 cm. longae. Capitula (floribus radii inclusis) vix
1.5 cm. diametro; involucri phylla + 5 mm. longa oblonga
acuta vel subacuta libera paulo imbricata brunneo-scariosa
glabra; flores radii 7-8, 6 mm. longi, I mm. lati, aurantiact.
Achaenia 1.5 mm. longa, oblonga sericeo-pubescentia pappo
albo + 5 mm. longo praedita.

é Neighbourhood of Tengyueh, Yunnan, I9It. Howell.
No. 17.

yoo"

128 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

“Plant of 23 ft. Flowers golden-yellow. Open moist
pasture on the margins of thickets. Flanks of the Mingkwong
Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Oct.
1912. G. Forrest. No. 9292.

The inflorescence of this new species is very like that of
S. acerifolius, C. Winkl., but the plants have very different
leaves.

Senecio Latouchei, J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species affinis S. Oldhamiano, Maxim. a quo rhizomate crasso
perenni, foliis fere omnibus radicalibus suborbicularibus, in-
florescentiis haud amplis inter alia differt.

Planta erecta vel suberecta flaccida 12-30 cm. alta rhizomate
crasso apicem versus tomento flocculoso fulvo induto. Caulis
gracillimus flexuosus striatulus infra primo + dense fulvo-
flocculoso-tomentosus supra sparse fulvo- vel albido-tomentellus
mox glabrescens. Folia basalia plura ambitu suborbicularia
basi cordata I-3 cm. diametro margine (pro magnitudine
grossius) dentata (fere sublobatula) dentibus indurato-apiculatis
chartacea supra pilis multicellularibus adpressis fulvis subdense
villosa infra tomento denso albido induta: nervi primarii 5—7
basi divergentes ; petiolus 2-4 cm. longus + dense fulvo-
villosus ; folia caulina superiora 1-2 suborbicularia vel rhom-
boidea 1.5-2 cm. diametro, petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo auricula
orbiculari caulem amplectante 3-7 mm. diametro praedita,
cetera foliis basalibus subsimilia; in parte inferiore caulis
plerumque folium solitarium auricula multo minore vel fere
deficiente praeditum, cetera foliis basalibus simile. Inflore-
scentia corymbosa capitulis paucis 3-4, pro planta majusculis
2-2.5 cm. diametro ; bracteae plures lineares vel subulatae circ.
5 mm. longae, raro majores specie magnitudineque in folia
superiora transeuntes ; involucri phylla 12-13, biseriata oblan-
ceolata acuta vel subacuta 6-7 mm. longa 2 mm. lata pubescentia
brunnea. Flores ligulati II~-13, flavidi, r cm. longi, 3 mm.
lati; flores disci 30-35; corolla circ. 4 mm. longa; antherae
ecaudatae. Achaenia § mm. longa compressiuscula puberula ;
pappus 3 mm. longus setosulus fragilis albus.

Province of Fukien, from Foochow to N.W. Fukien. J. de
la Touche. No. 34.

“ Senecio palmatisectus, J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Cacaliae, affinis S. taliensi, Franch., S.
cycloto, Bur. et Franch., S. Souliei, Franch. quae omnes foliis
valde recedunt ; folia speciei novae eis S. aconttifolit, Turcz.
simillima, flores omnino dissimiles.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 129

Planta perennis 60-100 cm. alta rhizomate sat crasso radici-
bus numerosis fibrosis tomento fulvo plus minusve indutis.
Caulis erectus teres striatulus glaber vel rarius sparse villosulus
simplex nisi in regione inflorescentiae. Folia palmatisecta,
ambitu perlate ovata, 5-10 cm. longa petiolo excluso, 7-12 cm.
lata, basi cordata membranacea undique glabra vel rarius parce
pubescentia ; segmenta 5 angusta circ. I cm. lata acuta in-
durato-apiculata lobulis 2-4 fere angulo recto abeuntibus 2-4
cm. longis circ. 1 cm. latis; petiolus 1-5 cm. longus gracilis.
Inflorescentia laxe paniculato-racemosa vel racemosa I5-30 cm.
longa; capitula inter se remotiuscula 1.5 cm. longa, pedicellis
2-3 mm. longis bibracteolatis glabris, bracteolis I-3 mm. longis
linearibus. Involucri tubuloso-cylindrici circ. 8 mm. longi
phylla 3-4, oblongo-linearia subobtusa glabra vel pubescentia
marginibus angustis scariosis. Flores ligulati nulli ; flores tubu-
losi 3-4 flavi circ. 8 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia 4-5 mm.
longa striata glabra pappo 5-7 mm. longo fragili albo praedita.

N.W. Yunnan, 1907. Monbeig. No. 151.

Tsekou, N.W. Yunnan, 1912. Monbeig. No. 53.

Yunnan. On rocks in mountains near Lan-ngi-tsin. Alt.
g500 ft. Oct. 1914. E.E. Maire. No. 206.

uS0’'Var. pubescens, J. F. Jeff. Var. nov.
Typo foliis subtus pilis albidis crispatis + parce praeditis.
Near Atuntsu, Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan. In shady
forest. I1,000-12,000 ft. July 1913. Kingdon Ward. No. 862.

uso Senecio solanifolius, J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species sectionis Jacobaeae; speciei nulli chinensi illius
sectionis propinqua est, sed foliis eis Solant nigri, Linn. sub-
similibus facile recognoscitur.

Planta saltem 30 cm. alta; pars superior tantum visa.
Caulis erectus teres gracilis circ. 2 mm. diametro strictus glaber
sat foliosus supra parce ramosus ramulis pubescentibus. Folia
5-8 cm. longa petiolo excluso, 3-5 cm. lata, triangulari- vel ovato-
lanceolata, acuta vel (suprema) acuminata basi truncatula,
margine subobscure sinuato-dentata, in sicco membranacea,
supra atroviridis glabra infra pallidiora ad costam sparse pube-
rula nervis supra obscuris infra paulo distinctis ; petiolus
1-2 cm. longus. Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa capitulis
3-4 composita; axis inflorescentiae 3-5 cm. longus fulvo-
puberulus; pedunculi 1-1.5 cm. longi, basi bractea lineari
3-4 mm. longa praediti. Capitula 1.5 cm. longa, 2.5 cm. lata ;
involucri phylla majora circ. 13, uniseriata 6-7 mm. longa
lanceolata acuta glabra trinervia marginibus membranaceis,

\aoyh

130 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

basi ipsa phylla minora + 8 subulata, 2-3 mm. longa. Flores
radii 7-8, circ. r cm. longi oblongi apice subobtusi obscure
trifidi 4-5-nervii flavidi; flores disci perplurimi 7 mm. longi
pappo 6 mm. longo molli albo praediti. Antherarum cellulae
ecaudatae. Achaenia lineari-oblonga circ. 3 mm. longa paulo
complanata striis hirsutulis praedita.

Province of Fukien between Foochow and N.W. Fukien.
1914. J. dela Touche. No. 126.

Sterculia platanifolia, Linn. var. major, W.W.Sm. Var. nov.
A typo foliis subtus dense molliterque tomentosis, fructibus
multo majoribus ad 13 cm. longis ad 4.5 cm. latis, seminibus
+ 1,3 cm. longis recedit.
“Shrub of 25-30 ft. In fruit. In thickets on the Tong
Shan in the Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt.
go00-10,000 ft. Aug. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,820.

Styrax fukienensis, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate S. philadelphoidis, Perk. et S. confust,
Hemsl. :

Frutex?; ramuli teretes, juniores dense fulvo-stellato-
tomentosi demum glabrescentes. Folia alterna petiolo 3-5 mm.
longo dense fulvo-stellato-tomentoso _petiolata, oblonga vel
ovato-oblonga, 6-8 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, apice_ brevi-
ter acuminata vel acuta vel subobtusa, basi subrotundata vix
cuneata margine minute indurato-denticulata, tenuiter coriacea

atum dense longiuscule albo-pilosum ; stylus glaber quam
corollae lobi paululo longior.

HY

SPECIES CHINENSES. I3T

In the north-west of the Province of Fukien. Coll. J. de
la Touche. No. 140.

The species is closely allied to S. confusus, Hemsl. and
to S. philadelphoides, Perk., but agrees with neither of
them as represented by type sheets at Kew. In the
details of their floral structure the three species are very
much alike.

Syringa Adamiana,* Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex-affinitate S. villosae, Vahl a qua inflorescentiis
crebre hirsutulis, floribus pallido-roseis ore albis, calycibus
truncatis vix denticulatis recedit ; valde affinis S. villosae, Vahl,
var. hirsutae, C. Schn., plantae koreano-mandschuricae ; apud
plantas szechwanenses haud procul a S. Wilsonw, Schn. quae
ramulis inflorescentiisque glabris inter alia divergit.

Frutex in cultura 2—3-metralis. ' Ramuli annotini rotundati
sat crassi olivacei crebre patenti-hirsutuli, lenticellis multis
parvis pustulosis notati, hornotini cinerascentes glabri. Folia
plerumque 7-12 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, elliptico-lanceolata vel
elliptico-oblonga, apice acuta vel modice acuminata, basi +
rotundata vel late cuneata, textura ut in S. villosa, supra
saturate viridia glabra, margine ciliolata, infra pallidiora ad
costam nervosque longiuscule hirsuta, caetera glabra; petioli
I-I.5 cm longi sparse hirsuti vel glabrescentes. Inflorescentiae
mediocres (adhuc in cultura) 12-15 cm. longae 7-8 cm. latae,
subsimiles eis S. Wilsonii, Schn., ramulis densiuscule hirsutulis.
Flores suaveolentes pallido-rosei, ore albi. Calyx 2 mm. longus
sparse pilosulus truncatus vix denticulatus viridis apicem versus
pellucidus roseo-suffusus. Corollae tubus 8-9 mm. longus
apicem versus paulo dilatatus, laciniae ovatae obtusiusculae
2 mm. vix. superantes erectae serissime patentes. Antherae ~
faucem haud attingentes flavidae. Stylus circ. 2.5 mm. longus.
Fructus non visus.

West China:—Province of Szechwan. Cultivated in the
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, from seed collected by
Mr. C. M. Watson near Tatsienlu. Types taken from the
garden specimens are preserved in the Herbarium of the
Royal Botanic Garden. It flowered freely in June 1915.
A graceful species and of value for its late flowering. It
belongs to the group Villosae and is closely akin to S. villosa,
Vahl, especially to the Corean and Manchurian variety of that
species known as var. hirsuta, Schn. In habit and appearance

* By the specific name it is desired to hold in memory Private Thomas Adam,
and Scots Guards, a gardener of the staff of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
ge a cc a wel ee i +h May 1915.

1)

xu

132 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

it resembles S. Wilsonit, Schn., which differs in the glabrous
inflorescence and in the size and shape of the corolla-lobes.

Syringa pinetorum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species foliis parvis ex affinitate S. muicrophyllae, Diels ;
petiolis brevioribus calyce longiuscule dentato glabro dentibus
ciliolatis exceptis inter alia recedit.

Frute 3 m. altus; ramuli juniores dense patenti-incano-
pilosi, vetustiores sero glabrescentes grisei. Folia 2-3.5 cm.
longa I-1.5 cm. lata, ovata, rarius lanceolato-ovata vel subellip-
tica, apice acuta rarius obtusa, basi plus minusve rotundata,
supra sparse pilosa vel glabra, margine ciliolata, subtus pallidiora,
ad costam nervosque longiuscule albo-pilosa, caeterum glabra ;
nervi 3-4 paria subtus conspicui bene reticulati; petioli 2-5
mm. longi pilosi. Inflorescentiae 10-18 cm. longae, 7-8 cm.
latae, erectae sublaxiflorae -- dense albo-pilosae ; pedicelli
brevissimi circ. I mm. longi vel fere nulli; flores pallido-laven-
dulaceo-rosei ex collectore. Calyx circ. 2 mm. longus ad
tertiam vel quartam partem in dentes triangulares divisus
glaber dentibus ciliolatis exceptis. Corollae tubus 8-9 mm.
longus apicem versus paullulo dilatatus; laciniae oblongae
obtusiusculae 3 mm. longae. Antherae parte superiori tubi in-
sertae sed corollae fauces vix attingentes. Fructus deest.

“Shrub of 4-8 ft. Flowers pale lavender-rose. In open
pine forests on the Lichiang Range, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 40’ N.
Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. June 1914.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12,472.

Syringa Wardii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate S. oblatae, Lindl. et S. afinis, Henry;
ab ambabus foliis multo minoribus apice vulgo rotundatis inter
alia discrepat.

Arbuscula vel frutex 3-5 m. altus; ramuli juniores dense
incano-pubescentes vetustiores glabrescentes grisei. Folia
ramulorum floriferorum 1-2 cm. longa I--2 cm. lata, suborbi-
cularia vel perlate ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi +
rotundata supra atroviridia glabra subtus pallidiora glabra vel
subglabra nervis gracilibus bene reticulatis; petioli 2-3 mm.
longi minute pubescentes vel glabrescentes. Inflorescentiae
circ. 10 cm. longae circ. 7 cm. latae erectae sublaxiflorae dense
albo-pubescentes minute glandulosae ; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi
pubescentes minute nitenti-glandulosi ; flores siccitate pallidi.
Calyx circ. 2 mm. longus glaber vel subglaber sparse minute
glandulosus ore truncato dentibus minutis vel fere nullis. Corol-
lae tubus 9-13 mm. longus supra medium dilatatus: laciniae
ovatae obtusae + 4mm.longae. Antherae paulo supra medium

SPECIES CHINENSES. 133

tubum insertae apicibus 2-3 mm. a faucibus corollae remotis.
Fructus deest.

“Small tree or shrub of ro-15 ft. At Tungchuling, bi gras
in the arid region at 10,000 ft.’”” Kingdon Ward. No.

The collector notes that the same plant is found in the Mekbhe
Valley and near Atuntsu at 12,000 ft.

yusa( Tanacetum aureoglobosum, W. W. Sm. et Farrer. Sp. nov.

4555

Species affinis Tanaceto nubigeno, Wall., a quo habitu nano
ramosissimo foliis capitulisque minoribus valde recedit.

Planta nana globoso-caespitosa vix 8 cm. superans, radicibus
multis crassis ramosis intertextis praedita. Caules perplurimi
ramosi infra defoliati supra sat foliosi in massam globosam
conferti undique minute incano-tomentelli. Folia parva + 5
mm. longa incano-tomentella petiolo 2-3 mm. longo suffulta
pinnatim dissecta segmentis primariis 2—3-jugis in lobulos vulgo
tres lineares subteretes + I mm. longos divisis. Capitula folia
paululo superantia apices ramulorum versus 5-6-aggregata,
pedunculis 2-3 mm. longis incanis suffulta, circ. 3 mm. longa ;
involucri phylla + 15 lanceolata vel oblonga + 2 mm. longa
tenuiter membranacea margine scariosa incano-pilosa. Flores
flavi in capitulo 15-20, minimi heterogami 3-4 mm. longi extus
sparse pilosuli glandulosi. Achaenia (immatura) oblonga minute
pilosula vel glabra 1 mm. longa pappo deficiente.

“A charming wee dome of fine grey, turning a solid ball of
gold in Oct.-_Nov. From the same aspects and regions as No.
103, usually on slopes of harder caky loéss loam less charged with
shingle. Kansu, West China.” Farrer and Purdom. No. 320.

A very distinct little species.

Vaccinium mekongense, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. salweenensi, W. W. Sm. a quo foliis minori-
bus, inflorescentiis brevioribus, bracteis conspicuis, calycis lobis
triangularibus acutis, corolla globosiore discriminatur.

Frutex .6-1.6 m. altus ramosus ramulis primum glanduloso-
pilosis tandem glabrescentibus cinerascentibus. Folia petiolo
-+ 2 mm. longo pilosulo suffulta ; lamina 2-3 cm. longa, + 1
em. lata, oblongo-lanceolata vel subelliptica, apice acuta vel
raro (in eodem specimine) obtusa, calloso-apiculata, basi +
late cuneata vel subrotundata, margine crebre calloso-serrulata,
papyracea, paginis fere concoloribus olivaceis superiore ad
costam parce pilosula, inferiore sparse albo-pilosa vel glabres-

cm. longae pilis glanduloso-capitatis mediocriter vestitae ;

134 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

bracteae bracteolaeque 3-5 mm. longae lanceolatae vel lineari-
lanceolatae inter flores apertos conspicuae glabrae vel ciliolatae
rubridae ; pedicelli + 1 mm. longi. Calyx purpureus ; tubus
cum ovario glaber vel sparsissime pilosulus + 1 mm. longus,
lobi + I mm. longi triangulares acuti glabri vel pilis minimis
parce conspersi. Corolla circ. 4 mm. longa urceolata albida
roseo-striata extra glabra intus albido-pilosa lobis brevibus
recurvis. Stamina circ. 2 mm. longa filamentis dense pilosulis
antheris exaristatis. Fructus deest.

“Shrub of 2-5 ft. Flowers creamy-white, striped rose.
Open situations on the Yungchang-Mekong divide, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° 15’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. May 1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 9887.

; vce Vaccinium salweenense, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. Doniano, Wight a quo habitu humiliore
ramulis haud glabris foliis minoribus lanceolatis antheris exar-
istatis differt; ab V. exaristato, Kurz habitu, foliis minoribus
textura tenuioribus, floribus saturate roseis recedit ; ab V. fragilt,
Franch. ramulis foliisque multo minus pilosis, calycis tubo
glabro, filamentis brevioribus antheris exaristatis inter alia
signa distinguenda. .

_ Frutex + 1 m. altus ramulis substrictis gracilibus primo
+ dense fulvido-pilosulis mox sparsim, tandem glabrescentibus.
Folia petiolo 2-3 mm. longo pilosulo mox glabrescente suffulta :
lamina + 3.5 cm. longa, 1.2-1.5 cm. lata, lanceolata, apice acuta
vel breviter acuminata, basi + late cuneata vel subrotundata,
margine regulariter calloso-serrulata, tenuiter papyracea, supra
atroviridis ad costam minute pilosula vel glabrescens, infra
pallidior ad costam nervosque sparse pilosa tandem fere glabra,
nervis siccitate utrinque subconspicuis. Inflorescentiae axillares
racemosae numerosae laxiflorae 5-7 cm. longae mediocriter
pilosae ; bracteae bracteolaeque 2-4 mm. longae lanceolatae
vel lineari-lanceolatae tempore florendi inconspicuae pilosulae
vel glabrae rubridae ; pedicelli + 2 mm. longi. Calyx pur-
pureus ; tubus cum ovario glaber + 1 mm. longus, lobi + 1 mm.
longi ovato-triangulares apiculati margine ciliolati. Corolla
4-5 mm. longa urceolata saturate rosea extra glabra, ‘intus
albido-pilosa lobis brevibus erectiusculis. Stamina circ. 2. 5
mm. longa filamentis dense pilosulis antheris exaristatis. Fructus
deest.

“Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers deep rose. Open grassland
on the Salween-Yungchang divide above Pu-piao, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. May 1913.’”’ G. Forrest.
No. 9867.

a

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SPECIES CHINENSES. 135

Vaccinium scopulorum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. serrato, Wight, a quo habitu graciliore,
ramulis dense hispidis, foliis minoribus nunquam verticillatis,
inflorescentiis axillaribus per caulem distributis nec apicem
versus congestis, staminum filamentis pilosulis inter alia signa
minora divergit.

Frutex 1-1.5 m. altus ramulis elongatis gracilibus primo
dense setoso-hispidis. Folia subsessilia 3-4 cm. longa, I-1.5
cm. lata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata,
apice acuta calloso-apiculata, basi cuneata, margine remote
serrulata, utrinque glabra, supra atroviridia infra olivacea,
nervis utrinque subconspicuis. Inflorescentiae axillares race-
mosae numerosae per caulem distributae effusiores + 5 cm.
longae, 10—20-florae glabrae ; bracteae + 1 mm. longae lineari-
lanceolatae glanduloso-ciliatae, erga basim racemorum aggregatae
imbricatae, supra remotae ; pedicelli 1-2 cm. longi patentes.
Calycis lobi triangulares circ. I.5 mm. longi, purpurei glabri
vel subglabri; ovarium circ. 1.5 mm. longum. Corolla circ,
5 mm. longa suburceolata extra minute puberula viridi-flava
vel viridi-albida apice kermesina ; lobi parvi recurvi. Stamina
persimilia eis V. serrati, sed filamentis pilosulis praedita. Fructus
vix maturus globosus 4-5 mm. diametro, in scheda niger.

“Shrub of 5 ft. Flowers greenish-white tipped crimson,
fragrant. On shady rocks and cliffs on the hills to the northwest
of Tengyueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 6000 ft. March
1913. G. Forrest. No. 9788.

“ Shrub of 2-5 ft. In seed. .On cliffs amongst scrub on hills
west of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. May 1912.”
G. Forrest. No. 7559. June 1912. No. 8073

“Evergreen shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers yellowish-green,
tipped crimson-maroon. Open situations amongst scrub and on
humus-covered boulders on the Shweli-Salween divide. Lat.
25° N. Alt. gooo ft. April 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,313.

A near ally of the Himalayan and Khasian V. serratum,
Wight ; at first sight very distinct, but in the structure of the
flower approaching very closely.

Vaccinium spicigerum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. fragili, Franch. a quo habitu diverso,
ramulis dense fulvido-tomentosis, petiolis longioribus, foliis ad
6 cm. longis lanceolatis longiuscule acuminatis, inflorescentiis
spiciformibus bracteis inconspicuis, calyce incano-tomentoso
discriminatur ; quoad floris structuram valde appropinquat.

Frutex 1-5 m. altus ramosus ramulis patentibus primum
dense ceric tandem glabrescentibus. Folia petiolo

136 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM,

ad 5 mm. longo + tomentoso praedita; lamina vulgo 4-6 cm.
longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, lanceolata, apice longiuscule acuminata
calloso-apiculata, basi cuneata, margine crebre serrulata serra-
turis minute apiculatis, papyracea, paginis siccitate subcon-
coloribus glabris costa minute pilosula excepta. Inflorescentiae
axillares vel pseudo-terminales foliis ramulorum floriferorum
nonnunquam omnino delapsis spiciformiter,racemosae numerosae
-+ 3 cm. longae dense incano- vel fulvido-tomentellae ; bracteae
bracteolaeque 1-3 mm. longae + lineares inconspicuae tomentel-
lae ; pedicelli + 1 mm. longi incani. Calyx vix 2 mm. longus
dense incano-tomentosus ; lobi ovati + acuti fere 1 mm. longi.
Corolla circ. 5 mm. longa urceolata alba, saepe roseo-suffusa,
glabra lobis brevibus recurvis. Stamina circ. 3 mm. longa
eis V. fragilis similia, filamentis pilosulis, antheris dorso breviter
biaristatis. Fructus deest.

“ Shrub of 10-15 ft. Flowers pure white, fragrant. Amongst
scrub on the hills at the north end of the Tengyueh Valley,
Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7ooo ft. May 1912.” G. Forrest.
No. 7637.

“Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers white, tinged rose. Amongst

scrub on the divide between the Shweli (Lungchiang) and
Tengyueh Valleys, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft.
May 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 784r.
_ “Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers white flushed rose. Open dry
situations on the margins of thickets on the Shweli-Salween
divide. Lat.25°20'N. Alt. goooft. June1913.” G. Forrest.
No. 12,060.

Small tree ; among scrub in mountains near Kiao-mé-ti,
Yunnan. Alt. 10,000 ft. Maire. ‘No. 671 in Herb. Edin.
(anno IgI4).

This new species shows close relationship with the less hairy
forms of V. fragile, Franch., such as the variety known as

_ myrtifola, but the points of difference are too many to permit

of its being attached to that species as a variety.

Viburnum adenophorum, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. Mullahae, Ham. et V. hirtulo, Rehder sed
foliis subtus glanduligeris, inflorescentiis tomento denso fulvo
indutis inter alia signa recedit.

_ ’ Frutex erectus ramulis primo fulvo-tomentosis atque sparse ~
setosis. Folia petiolo + 1 cm. longo tomentoso atque setoso
praedita ; lamina late ovata, 6-8 cm. longa, 3—5.5 cm. lata, basi
+ rotundata, apice acuminata, margine serrata, membranacea,
supra atro-viridis pilis furcatis sparse praedita subtus pallidior
ad costam nervosque sparse pilosula glandulis minutis rotundatis
nitentibus conspersa; nervi utrinque 7-8 subparalleli usque

SPECIES CHINENSES. 137

ad dentes stricte excurrentes ; stipulae nullae. Inflorescentiae
corymbosae 5-8 cm. diametro ubique tomento denso fulvo
indutae pedunculis + 2 cm. longis, radiis primariis plerumque 7.
Calycis lobi triangulares vix 0.5 mm. longi dense tomentosi.
Corolla alba rotata circ. § mm. diametro, + 2. 5. mm. alta,
extra tomentosa intra glabra, sub medium in lobos orbiculares
fissa. Stamina corollam paulo superantia. Ovarium circ. 2
mm. longum setulis fasciculatis dense tomentosum. Fructus
deest.

Shrub with caducous foliage, white flowers, among scrub
on hills near Long-ky, Yunnan. Alt. 2300 ft. June. Maire.
No. 94 in Herb. Edin.

A species of the group Odontotinus and closely allied to
V. Mullaha, Ham. (=V. stellulatum, Wall.) and V. hirtulum,
Rehder. It is easily distinguished by the minute shining
glands on the under surface of the leaf, and by the smooth
fulvous tomentum of the inflorescence.

a4 sa a ps Lan a Hemsl. var. tengyuehense, W.
W. Sm. Var. nov

A typo recedit ettitls stellato-puberulis, foliis subtus ad
axillas venarum albo-tomentellis, inflorescentiis fructiferis +
effusis, stylo brevi calycis lobos haud superante.

“Shrub of 6-12 ft. In fruit. Amongst scrub in open
situations on the divide between the Shweli and Tengyueh
Valleys. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7000 ft, June 1912.” G. Forrest.
No. 8216.

“Shrub of 4-5 ft. In fruit. Open situations amongst
scrub in the hills to the north-east of Tengyueh, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. July 1912.” G. Forrest.
Nos. 8756, 8770.

Very near the Hupeh plant, but differing i in the more hirsute
shoots, the stellately pubescent petioles, in the tufts of hairs
in the axils of the veins, and in the short style.

9@4 Viburnum Dalzielii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. hirtulo, Rehder, a quo foliis subcoriaceis
acuminatis cordatulis 7-10 cm. longis, nervis 6-12 paribus,
corymbis subsessilibus inter alia differt.

Frutex ramulis primo dense fulvo-setosis tandem glabris
cinereis. Folia petiolo +iem. longo dense fulvo-setoso suffulta ;
lamina ovato-lanceolata, 8-10 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, basi
cordatula, apice breviter acuminata, margine remote atque
minute denticulata, supra atroviridis parce pilosula vel glab-
rescens nisi ad costam nervosque impressos fulvo-setosulos,

138 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NovaRUM.

infra pallidior minute punctulata glabra nisi ad costam nervos-
que eminentes longiuscule fulvo-setosos ; nervi utrinque 6-12
ad marginem excurrentes ; stipulae nullae. Corymbus + 5 cm.
diametro, subsessilis, pedicello I cm. haud superante dense
fulvo-setosulo, radiis primariis plerumque 5; flores e radiis or-
dinis tertii vel quarti nati. Calycis lobi triangulares 0.5 mm.
longi cum ovario fulvo-setosuli. Corolla albida rotata 4-5 mm.
diametro, extra setosula, ad duas partes in lobos suborbiculares
fissa. Stamina corollam paulo superantia. Stylus brevis calycis
lobis brevior. Fructus circ. 8 mm. longus, circ. 6 mm. latus,
multo compressus apice hirsutulus.

“ Near Thaiyong, a mountain valley sixty miles west from
the port of Swatow, China.” Coll. Dr. J. M. Dalziel. Nos. 170,
171 in Herb. Edin.

The nearest affinity of this plant appears to be Viburnum
hirtulum, Rehder. The much-compressed fruit with one side
slightly concave suggests that of V. sempervirens, C. Koch.

. Viburnum erubescens, Wall. var. carnosulum, W. W. Sm.

Var. nov.

A typo recedit foliis carnosulis haud membranaceis apice
basique plerumque cuneatis, nervis obscurioribus, pedunculis
brevioribus, inflorescentiis magis congestis.

“Shrub of 1-5 ft. Flowers pale shell pink, fragrant. Dry
stony situations on the divide between the Sha-yang and
Chutong Valleys, Yunnan. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 6700 ft.
April 1910.””. G. Forrest. No. 5520.

“ Shrub of 8-20 ft: In fruit. Open situations amongst scrub
in side valleys on the hills to the east of Tengyueh, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. May 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 7955.

“Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers white, faintly flushed dull
crimson on exterior, fragrant. Open scrub on the hills west
of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7o0oo ft. March 1913.” G.
Forrest. No. 9808.

“Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers white, rose exterior, fragrant.
Amongst scrub on the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat.
25°5'N. Alt. 6000 ft. May 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 9864.

Another form of this most variable species which has a
range from Ceylon through the Deccan to the Himalaya, Burma,
and Western China.

. Viburnum erubescens, Wall. var. limitaneum, W. W. Sm.

Var. nov.

A typo recedit foliis ovalibus apice + rotundatis nec acumi-
natis nec acutis, pedunculis —* inflorescentiis pauci-
floris congestis.

—Q

“i

SPECIES CHINENSES. 139

“ Shrub of 6-12 ft. In fruit; fruit dull red. . In thickets
on the outskirts of the lava-bed west of Tengyueh, Yunnan.
Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000 ft. May t1o12.’’ G. Forrest. No. 7753.

“ Bushy shrub of 5-8 ft., growing by stream in the open
or in shade of bamboo thickets. Flowers pink in bud, white
when open. Alt. 8000 ft. June 1914. Feng-shiu-ling Camp,
Upper Burma, near the Chinese frontier.” Kingdon Ward.
No. 1658.

Viburnum flavescens, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species affinis V. ovatifolio, Rehder, ejusque sociis ; foliis
breviter stipulatis utrinque pubescentibus plerumque medio
latissimis, petiolo I-1.5 cm. longo, floribus flavidis, ovario
+ sparse stellato-pubescente glanduloso dignoscenda.

Frutex 2-7 m. altus ramulis stellato-puberulis tandem
glabris cinerascentibus. Folia petiolo 1-1.5. cm. longo sparse
stellato-puberulo suffulta ; lamina 4-8 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata,
rhomboidea vel rhombico-ovata vel latiuscule ovata, medio
latissima, basi + rotundata, apice acuminata, serrata, in sicco
membranacea, supra pilis furcatis bene conspersa, subtus ad
costam nervosque sparse pilosula, ad axillas nervorum albo-
tomentella, caeterum glabra vel subglabra; nervi utrinque
5-7 subparalleli, ad dentes excurrentes; stipulae minimae
subulatae. Corymbus terminalis 5-6 cm. diametro, pedunculo
I-I.5 cm. longo sparse puberulo suffultus, radiis primariis 5-7
minute stellato-puberulis atque glandulosis, floribus e radiis
ordinis tertii vel quarti natis. Calycis lobi circ. 0.75 mm.
longi triangulares cum ovario 3. mm. longo oblongo sparse
stellato-pubescentes. Corolla rotata circ. 7 mm. diametro ad
duas partes in lobos ovatos obtusos divisa utrinque glabra
flavida. Stamina corollam dimidio superantia fere 5 mm.
longa. Drupa deest.

“Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers deep creamy-yellow, faintly
fragrant. Dry open situations amongst scrub on the eastern
flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat.27° 10’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000
ft. May 1g1o.” G. Forrest. No. 5551.

“Shrub of 10-20 ft. Flowers creamy-yellow. In thickets
and mixed forests on the eastern flank of the Lichiang Range.
Lat. 27° 15’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. June Ig1o.”
Forrest. No. 5789.

This species is distinguished from V. ovatifolium, Rehder, by
the shape of the leaf and the long stamens, from V. betulifolium
Batal. and V. lobophyllum, Graebn. by the leaves pubescent
on both sides and of different shape; from V. dasyanthum,
Rehder, and V. hupehense, Rehder, by the glabrous corolla.
The leaves suggest those of V. dtlatatum, Thunb.

140 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

Viburnum eee, Ker, var. conspersum, W. W. Sm.
Var. nov

A Foo — ramulis inflorescentiisque sparse stellato-
puberulis, foliis ovalibus apice plerumque rotundatis utrinque
primo ad costam sparse fulvo-stellato-puberulis, petiolis primo
densiuscule stellato-puberulis mox glabrescentibus.

“ At Thaiyong, a mountain valley, 2000 ft. elevation, sixty
miles west from the port of Swatow, surrounded by-hills and
intersected by glens richly wooded. Sept. 1898.” Coll. Dr,
J. M. Dalziel. No. 174.

Viburnum propinquum, Hemsl. var. Mairei, W. W. Sm. Var.
nov.

A typo clare differt foliis multo minoribus 3-4.5 cm. longis,
multo angustioribus, I-1.2 cm. latis, lineari-lanceolatis, apice
acutis nec acuminatis, basi anguste cuneatis, inflorescentiis
minoribus 2—4 cm. latis, fructibus 3-4 mm. vix superantibus,

This plant differs very much from the typical plant as seen
in specimens from the province of Hupeh. The species is,
however, very variable, and a small-leaved form with short
globose fruits has been described from Szechwan—V. propin-
quum, Hemsl., var. parvifolium, Graebner. In this variety
the leaves do not exceed 4 cm. and the fruit is about 3 mm.
long ; it differs, however, from var. Maizrei in the ovate acumi-
nate leaves.

Viburnum thaiyongense, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate V. Mullahae, Ham., V. brevipedis,
Rehder, V. Fordiae, Hance, et V. hirtult, Rehder; petiolis
brevissimis, foliis ellipticis apice basique + rotundatis utrinque
+ pilosulis recedit.

Frutex ramulis primo pilis fasciculatis dense fulvo-tomentosis
tarde glabrescentibus. Folia petiolo 3-5 mm. longo dense
tomentoso suffulta; lamina 4-5 cm. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata,
+ late slissties, basi rotundata, apice rotundata vel obtusa,
margine remote atque irregulariter dentata vel denticulata,
crasse papyracea, supra atroviridis pilis furcatis vel fasciculatis
conspersa, ad costam impressam nervosque fulvo-setosula; infra
pilis fasciculatis + dense fulvo-tomentosa; nervi utrinque
plerumque 5 subparalleli ad dentes excurrentes ; stipulae nullae ;
nonnunquam -folium parvum quasi stipulare e gemma axillari
enatum. Corymbus terminalis circ. 5 cm. diametro, pedunculo
I-1.5 cm. longo tomentoso suffultus, radiis primariis 5-6 fulvo-
tomentosis, floribus e radiis ordinis tertii vel quarti natis ;
radii secundarii ad ultimos longiuscule pilosi bracteis linearibus

11 Ue

SPECIES CHINENSES. 141

pilosis praediti. Calycis lobi 0:5 mm. longi triangulares extra
longiuscule pilosi. Corolla rotata 4 mm. diametro ad duas
partes in lobos suborbiculares divisa glabra vel extra parce
pilosula. Stamina 3 mm. longa corollam paululo superantia.
Stylus brevis calycis lobos subaequans. Ovarium longe pilosum.
Fructus deest.

“At Thaiyong, a mountain valley, 2000 ft. elevation, sixty
miles west of the port of Swatow, China. Aug. 1897.’ Coll. -
Dr. J. M. Dalziel. No. 172.

Vitex yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. _ Sp. nov.

Species ex affinitate V. vestitae, Wall. a qua foliolis parvis
brevissime petiolulatis, floribus multo majoribus inter alia facile
dignoscitur.

Frutex 1-5 m. altus ramulis primo tomentellis flavo-glandu-
losis tandem glabrescentibus cinereis. Folia 3-foliolata, rarius
5-foliolata, petiolo 1.5-3 cm. longo fulvo-tomentello suffulta ;
foliola inaequalia, terminale saepius majus petiolulo 2 mm.
longo praeditum, lateralia brevissime petiolulata, inferiora dum
adsint minima, majora 3-4 cm. longa, + 2 cm. lata, ovata apice
obtusiuscula basi late cuneata vel rotundata, papyracea margine
integra ciliolata supra atroviridia ad nervos sparse pilosula,
glandulis flavis nitentibus conspersa, infra fulva, ad costam
nervosque dense albo-pilosa caetera subepilosa glandulosa.
Inflorescentiae axillares e cymulis 3~7-floris compositae ; pedun-
culi ad 1 cm. longi, pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi, bracteae lineares
vix I mm. longae, omnes albo-pilosi atque dense glandulosi.
Calyx cire. 3 mm. longus campanulatus albo-pilosus glandulosus
dentibus 5 vix 0.5 mm. longis late triangularibus obtusiusculis.
Corolla ad 1.7 cm. longa alba vel roseo-suffusa ; tubus fere 1 cm.
longus leviter incurvus supra paululo dilatatus extus puberulus
intus ad insertionem staminum dense albo-pilosus’; lobi inae-
quales rotundati, extus glandulosi intus glabri, anticus circ.
7 mm. longus. Filamenta basi albo-pilosa supra glabra.
Ovarium 2-4 loculare. Drupa globosa calyce fere ad 1 cm.
diametro aucto suffulta, ipsa + I cm. diametro, endocarpio
osseo praedita.

‘Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers white or flushed rose. Open
dry situations in the Fengkow Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 4o’ N.
Alt. 8000 ft. June 1g14.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12,471.

“Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flowers white, tinged blue. Open
scrub on the descent to the Yangtze from the eastern
boundary of the Lichiang Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 15’ N.
Alt. gooo—-10,000 ft. June 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,100.

The following are, I believe, the same :—

“Shrub of 10-15 ft. Flowers pale soft rose. Amongst

142 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NovarRuM.

scrub on the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Aug. 1913.” G.. Forrest.
No. 10,719. The leaves are larger and less hairy.

‘Shrub of 15 ft. In fruit. In open thickets on the Tong
Shan in the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. gooo ft.
Aug. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,891.

‘« Duplicate of No. 10,891 taken later in fruit. Sept. 1913.”
G. Forrest. No. 11,349.

This species is readily distinguishable from its Indo-Chinese
allies by the large flowers.

0 Wendlandia subalpina, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov.

Species nana prostrata ex affinitate W. Henryi, Oliv.; habitu,
foliis minimis, cymulis terminalibus subglobosis distinctissima.

Fruticulus prostratus 30-60 cm. longus habitu Cotoneastri
microphyliae, Wall. ramosissimus ramis crassis rigidis cortice
griseo praeditis ramulis tortuosis brevibus floriferis pilosulis.
Folia petiolo 1-2 mm. longo minute pilosulo suffulta; lamina
+ 6 mm. longa + 5 mm. lata late ovata vel suborbicularis
apice rotundata basi late cuneata integra coriacea supra atro-
viridis subnitens sparse pilosula nervis obscuris infra pallidior
sparsius pilosula nervis 2-3 paribus inconspicuis; stipulae
triangulares circ. 1 mm. longae persistentes. Cymulae globosae
ramulos terminantes compactae 6-12-florae minute pilosulae
folia superiora paululo superantes ; pedunculus brevissimus ;
pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi; bracteae bracteolaeque I-2 mm.
longae lineares pilosulae. Calycis tubus turbinatus circ. 1.5 mm.
longus sparse pilosulus ; lobi fere 1.5 mm. longi lineares vel
lineari-lanceolati acuti vel obtusiusculi. Corollae albae tubus
elongato-infundibularis vel subcylindricus vix 4 mm. longus
apice + I mm. latus extus glaber vel minute puberulus fauce
glaber ; lobi 5 contorti patentes tandem reflexi circ. 4 mm
longi I mm. lati, loriformes obtusiusculi glabri. Stamina 5,
inter lobos corollae inserta, exserta, filamentis 2.5 mm. longis
glabris, antheris circ. 1.5 mm. longis dorso affixis. Ovarium
biloculare ; stylus filiformis multo exsertus circ. 7 mm. longus
glaber stigmate bifido lobulis 1 mm. longis. Fructus parvus
subglobosus circ. 2 mm. diametro calycis lobis persistentibus
coronatus crustaceus sparse pilosulus fere per totam longitudi-
nem in duas partes dehiscens; partes ambae post seminum
lapsum persistentes. Semina numerosa circ. 0.5 mm. longa
minute areolata nitentia pallide brunnea.

‘Dwarf prostrate shrub of 1-1} ft. Flowers white. Open
stony pasture and on cliffs in the mountains in the N.E. of the
Yangtze bend, Yunnan. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000~12,000
ft. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,378.

SPECIES CHINENSES. 143

“Shrub of 1-2 ft. In fruit. Open dry situations in the
Yang-pi mountains, Yunnan. Lat 26° 45’ N. Alt. gooo ft.
Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,999.

An alpine or subalpine plant, in flower and fruit certainly
very closely allied to W. Henryt, Oliv., but differing in habit
very markedly from any Wendlandia known to me.

Ypsilandra yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. Sp. nov.

Species habitu simillima Y. thibeticae, Franch. speciei adhuc
unicae ; pedicellis, filamentis brevissimis, stylo brevissimo,
stigmate trifido nec capitato valde recedit.

Planta 15-30 cm. alta, fructu ad 45-60 cm. aucta. Rhizoma
sat crassum radicibus fibrosis bene obsitum. Folia basilaria 6-12,
rosulam formantia 6-15 cm. longa, I.5-2 cm. lata, oblanceolata
vel lineari-oblanceolata apice obtusa vel subrotundata indurato-
apiculata basi in petiolum vix discretum + longiuscule attenuata
textura in sicco firma glaberrima nervis + I5 vix conspicuis
mediano haud majore pererrata ; rosula squamis paucis mem-
branaceis vel subfoliaceis basi cincta. Scapus erectus robustus
vel nonnunquam gracilis glaber foliis caulinis vaginiformibus
5-6 remotis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis membranaceis scapo appressis
praeditus. Inflorescentia racemosa 6—9-flora circ. 3 cm. longa,
fructu multo elongata, ebracteata ; pedicelli circ. 2 mm. longi,
fructu ad 4 mm. elongati glabri. Flores contigui nutantes
mediocres albi malodori. Perianthii campanulati persistentis
segmenta libera + 6 mm. longa circ. 2.5 mm. lata elliptica
apice obtusa vel rotundata trinervula. Stamina 6 ad basim
segmentorum affixa perianthium medium haud_ superantia,
filamentis glabris basi paulo complanatis antheris hippocrepi-
formibus unilocularibus. Ovarium staminibus paulo brevius
trilobum triloculare ovulis numerosissimis ; stylus brevissimus
stigmate trifido lobulis recurvis stylum + aequantibus. Cap-
sula alte triloba septicide dehiscens ei Helontopsidis subsimilis ;
semina fusiformi-subulata.

Yunnan, Salween-Mekong divide, east slope. Wet
places in open forest. Alt. 13,000 ft. June IgIt. Kingdon
Ward. No. 163

“ Plant of 18-24 inches. In fruit. Open pasture on the
western flank of the Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat.
25° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Aug. 1912.” G. Forrest.
No. 8956.

“ Plant of 6-9 inches, malodorous. Flowers white. Shady
situations in thickets on Shweli- Salw een divide, Yunnan. Lat.
25° 10'N. ita gooo ft. Aug. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 12,055.

Burma :—‘“ Ridge of Naung-Chaung-Nwai divide, Burmo-
Chinese iontier ‘On mossy grass-clad ridge under dwart
F

144 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM.

bamboo brake, in damp shady situation. Flowers green. Alt.
I1,000-12,000 ft. July 1914.’ Kingdon Ward. No. 1808.

This new species of Ypsilandra does not fit exactly into that
genus as described by Franchet. The genus has hitherto been
monotypic, and the generic characters were based entirely upon
the single species. There is an excellent figure with dissections
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, x, pl. 17. The habit
of this plant, the leaves, the scales on the scape, the perianth,
the anthers, the ovary, and the seeds are quite in accord with
the new species, which differs markedly in the very short stamens
and style and in the trifid not capitate stigma.

Vol. IX. [FOR OFFICIAL USE.] Number XLIIL

NOTES

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
EDINBURGH.

MARCH 1916.

CONTENTS. oo
New Species of Primula. By Professor Bayley Balfour,
F.RS. ; . 145

EDINBURGH:
‘DER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'’S
STATIONERY OFFICE
Br ee & CO., LIMITED,
212 CausewayYs SIDE.

PRINTED U3

SOLD AT ‘THE GARDEN,

New Species of Primula.

BY

Proressor BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R.S.

Il.

THE forty species described here are:—

Primula aerinantha, Balf. fil. et Purdom, p. 146
= anisodor a, Balf. fil. et Forrest, p. 147.

- cana, Balf. fil. et Cave, p. 151.
‘ cardiophylla, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm., p. 152.

ae chrysochlora a, Balf. fil. et Ward, p. 155.
: conica, Balf. fil. et Boned p. 557.
= 00 158.

peri,
35) Craibeana, Balt. “fl. ‘et W. W. a B. 159
= crispa, Balf. fil. et W. W, Sm.,

ee Farreri rian a, Balf. ‘fil,
G

a » P. 176.
= lacteocapitata, a, Balf. fil. et W. W. ‘Sm., p. 178.
i Littledalei, Balf. fil. et Watt, p. 179.
8

3 moschophora, Ball. fil. et Forrest, p. 186.
re optata, Farrer, p. 187.

oreina, Balf. “fil et Cooper, p. 189.
& plebeia, Balf. fil., p. 190.
prenantha, Balf. ‘fil. et W. W. Sm., p. 19h
‘ pseudocapitata, F. K. Ward. p. 192.

spaithiopa: Balf. fil. et Cooper, p- 204.
oe R.B.G., Edin, No. XLIII, March 1916.] .
Wt. 4138/89—375—1/17—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10.

\

A'S

rd
&

146 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Primula aerinantha, Balf. fil. et Purdom. (Muscarioides.)

Perennis rhizomate parvulo foliis rosulatis petiolatis. Folia
ad 8 cm. longa; lamina tenuis membranacea oblonga vel
elliptica ad 5 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata apice rotundata nunc
subobtusa margine leviter serrato-denticulata dentibus hyda-
thodo apiculate terminatis breviter ciliata utrinque sparsim
puberula subtus pallidior pilis longioribus paucis costam mediam
basim versus obtegentibus deorsum in petiolum ad 4 mm.
longum vix viride alatum haud vaginantem gradatim attenuata.
Scapus pro planta altus ad 30 cm. tenuis infra glaber supra
inflorescentiam versus albo-farinosus spicam terminalem capi-
tatam brevem plurifloram gerens ; bracteae deflexae inferiores -
fertiles virides ligulatae acutae circa 5 mm. longae haud vagi-
natae plus minusve albo-farinosae superiores floribus inhibitis
axillantes latiores purpurascentes spicam coronantes; pedi-
celli nulli; anthopodium nullum. Flores dense aggregati.
Calyx ad 4 mm. longus plus minusve albo-farinosus poculiformis
latus tubo membranaceo lobis tubum aequantibus inaequalibus
posteriore maximo lanceolatis subacutis venulosis. Corollae
omnino purpureae oculo pallidiore efarinosae tubus angustis-
simus in flore brevistylo circ. 1.2 cm. longus erugosus exannu-
latus cylindricus supra stamina inflatus ad faucem constrictus,
limbi concavi discus I mm. latus, lobi erecti obovati profunde
emarginati segmentis integris divaricatis sinuque mucronato.
Stamina filamentis brevissimis antheris angustis circ. I.5 mm.
longis connectivo purpurascente in flore brevistylo supra medium
tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus ab ore circ. 1.5 mm.
remotis in longistylo infra medium inserta antheris ultra calycem
exsertis. Ovarium globosum; styli delicatissimi brevis tubo
corollae dimidio brevior, longus quadrante brevior; stigma
parvulum capitatum. Capsula muro crustaceo late globosa
parte superiore ultra calycis segmenta prolata inferiore calycis
tubo inclusa ab apice ad basim valvis concavis latis 5 dehiscens ;
placenta succulenta lata discoidea viridis infra centraliter affixa
ex toto seminifera. Semina minutissima oblonga circ. I mm.
longa vix 0.3 mm. lata complanata margine cellulis testae
aeriferis alata.

Species Sectionis Muscarioidis bene distincta P. cernuae,
Franch. proxima sed foliis longe petiolatis margine denticulato-
serratis, corollae tubo angusto longiore petalisque obovatis fere
bifidis diversa.

West Kansu. Lien-wha-shan. Alt. gooo-12,000 ft. Pur-
dom. No. 738: ig1z. In Herb. Kew.

“Kansu. Only known so far in one big gully on Lotus Moun-
tain, where it occurs sparingly on mossy banks and ledges of a

\402

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 147

limestone cafion with pines above it on either side. An interest-
ing glabrous Givaldiana with small and very fragrant flowers
of soft clear blue.” July 1914. Farrer and Purdom. No. 2

P. 23. In Herb. Edin.

A distinct plant of the Muscarioid Section found first of all
by Purdom in 1911 when collecting for Veitch. I do not know
that Veitch raised plants from it. Its nearest ally is the im-
perfectly described P. cernua, Franch. from which it is readily
told by its foliage and the flowers with delicate corolla tube
and cut petals. Purdom’s flowering specimens now in the Kew
Herbarium are the basis of the description. The specimens
collected by Farrer and Purdom in rgr4 are in fruit and enable
me to complete the description. The plant flowered at Edin-
burghin1rg16. Itisa distinct and pleasing member of its section.

Primula anisodora, Balf. fil. et Forrest. (Candelabra.)

Aromatica odore anisi glaberrima efarinosa. Folia ad 2
dm. longa ad 7 cm. lata elongato-obovata apice obtusa vel
rotundata membranacea venis haud prominulis argute irregular-
iter denticulata plus minusve glanduloso-foveolata in petiolum
alatum vaginantem lamina breviorem attenuata. Scapus ad 6
dm. altus validus umbellam terminalem et verticillos 3-5 ad
8-floros gerens; bracteae ad 7 mm. longae lineari-acuminatae
hydathodo terminatae; pedicelli bracteis duplo longiores a
basi subnutantes post anthesin erecti aucti. Calyx ad 5 mm.
longus cupuliformis ad trientem fissus lobis triangulari-ovatis

nervo prominulo margine membranaceis minute fimbriato-

erosis fimbriis hydathodo terminatis. Corollae infundibuli-
formis nigro-purpureae subcrassiusculae tubus ad 9 mm. longus
aureo-annulatus annulo inaequaliter to-lobato lobis antipetalis
5 majoribus interpetalis 5 minoribus intus supra stamina
glanduloso-puberulus infra membranaceus, limbi concavi discus
vix I mm. latus, lobi breves subquadrati subtruncati imbricati
erecti ad 3.5 mm. longi ad 5 mm. lati crassi leviter emarginati
crenulati. Stamina floris brevistyli supra medium tubi corol-
lini inserta antherarum apicibus ab annulo I mm. remotis
longistyli fere ad basim corollae antherarum apicibus 4 mm.
ab annulo. Ovarium globosum; stylus brevis vix calycem
aequans, longus corollae tubo dimidio brevior; stigma sub-
globosum. Capsula subglobosa calycem vix auctum paullo
superans stylopodio nigro-rubro crenulato coronata valvis 5
dehiscens.

Species efarinosa, aromatica floribus intense purpureis; a
P. glycosmate, Petitm. foliis brevioribus, bracteis longioribus,
corolla nigro-purpurea, lobis petalinis brevibus subquadran-
gularibus distincta.

148 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

“Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Open
moist alpine pasture. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant
of 20-30 inches. All parts when fresh strongly aromatic with
an odour resembling aniseed. Flowers deep plum-purple,
almost black, drying a lighter shade.” G. Forrest. No. 10,617.
July 1913.

“Yunnan. Chungtien plateau. Alt. 10,000 ft. Lat.
27° 30’ N. Plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers deep black-purple, drying
lighter. Strongly fragrant with an odour like aniseed. Open
moist meadows.” G. Forrest. No. 12,730. July ror4.

This species has the darkest coloured flowers of all Candel-
abra Primulas—perhaps of all wild Primulas. It belongs to the
series of the efarinose purple-flowered Candelabras in which
the redolent gland secretion is profuse. Of that series we now
know seven species :—P. Poissonii, Franch., P. Wilsoni, Dunn,
P. glycosma, Petitm., P. Miyabeana, Ito et Kawakami, P.
oblanceolata, Balf. fil., P. canthina, Balf. fil et Cave, and P. aniso-
dora, Balf. fil. et Forrest. The odour is least marked in P.
Poissonit, where it is sometimes hardly perceptible ; and
in P. oblanceolata it is, though evident, not very conspicuous.
But in all the others the perfume is strong even in dried
material.

P. anisodora is not far removed from P. glycosma. The
two species are marked out amongst the efarinose purple-
flowered Candelabras by the dark, nearly black, purple
colour of their corollas—paler in P. glycosma than in
P. anisodora—and they are about the most aromatic of
the series. In dried specimens the difference between
the species is not difficult to make out:—the broader
shorter leaves of P. anisodora and their more glaucous
under surface; the long petiole in P. glycosma; the very

From seed obtained by Mr. Forrest plants of P. anisodora
have been raised and flowered at Edinburgh. The flower
colour recalls that of some of the brown auriculas with
yellow eye. Mr. Forrest tells me seeds of P. glycosma,
are in his collection also, and we may hope, therefore, for
a crop of living plants which will enable us to appraise more
accurately the relationships of the two forms. They ought to

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 149

be interesting garden plants on account of their flower
colour, and I expect that they will prove to be as hardy and .
resistant as that hardiest of all Candelabras, P. Poissonii.

They will certainly do much by hybridisation for colour tint

in Primula.

Primula aureostellata, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Amethystina.)

Rhizoma parvum radicibus erubescentibus foliis floribusque
coaetaneis. Folia crasse coriacea redolentia ad 7 cm. longa
ad 1.5 cm. lata vix distincte petiolata lanceolata vel oblanceo-
lata vel oblonga acuta margine rigide cartilaginea denticulis
firmis paucis triangularibus subaculeatim praedita deorsum
gradatim in basim ligulatam membranaceo-alatam integram
attenuata utrinque epilosa glanduloso-foveolata supra pallide »
viridia subtus pallidiora nunc subglauca. Scapus elatus ad
3-5 cm. altus glaber umbellam subsecundam parvam ad 6-floram
gerens ; bracteae sublineares subulatae subfoveolatae ad 6 mm.
longae basi extus pulvinatim incrassatae pedicellos adhaerentes ;
pedicelli breves ad 6 mm. longi subglandulosi; anthopodium
parvum. Calyx coriaceus viridis tubulosus circ. 8 mm. longus
5-costatus extus glanduloso-foveolatus lobis circ. mm.
longis sublanceolatis obtusis margine membranaceis. Corollae
coriaceae tubus in flore longistylo calycem subaequans circ.
8 mm. longus cylindricus supra stamina paulo ampliatus flavidus
intus puberulus exannulatus, limbus subplanus aureus albido-
marginatus disco circ. 2 mm. lato extus intusque glanduloso-
puberulo lobis ad 9 mm. longis anguste obovatis basi contractis
emarginatis. Stamina basim tubi corollini versus inserta
filamentis conspicuis strumis corollinis pseudo-annulatim con-
junctis antheris angustis ad 2 mm. longis. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus longus fragilis corollae tubum subaequans ; stigma parvum
globosum. Capsula circ. 9 mm. longa 4 mm. lata calyce omnino
inclusa ab apice valvis 5 brevibus incrassatis dehiscens ; placenta
cylindrica breviter crasseque stipitata circ. 5.5 mm. longa.
Semina grisea elongata circ. 1.5 mm. longa .75 mm. lata com-
planata (ac tamen angulata) laevia nec prominenter vesiculos@
tuberculata.

Species ex affinitate Sectionis Amethystinae foliis glanduloso-
foveolatis floribus subsecundis corollae limbo aureo-stellato

“Bhutan. Kempé La, Pumthang. Alt. 11,000 ft. In
marsh. Flower open, white, yellow star-blotch on centre,
glistening hairs in mouth.” R.E. Cooper. No. 4173. 23rd

July 1915.
: This species has the appearance of P. Faberi, Oliv., a yellow-
flowered member of the Amethystina Section, but is readily

150 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

distinguished by its foveolate leaves and smaller flowers. It has

‘the smooth soap-like seed of P. King, Watt—a characteristic

a4

purple-red-flowered Indian member of the Section. We do not
know enough yet about the species in this Section to sanction
critical treatment, and in placing P. auwreostellata in the Section
at the moment I.do so with reserve.

Primula brevicula, Balf. fil. et Forrest. (Pulchella.)

Caespitosa albo-farinosa rhizomate multicipite vestigiis siccis
plurimis foliorum praeteritorum dense obtecto foliis petiolatis
late vaginantibus. Folia ad to cm. longa subspathulata ;
lamina ad 1.5 cm. lata elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel oblonga
vel oblanceolata apice obtusa vel subacuta margine regulariter
serrata subrecurva basi in petiolum lamina plerumque longi-
orem late vaginantem attenuata supra ppilis fariniferis
sparsissime praedita subtus dense albo-farinosa. Scapus ad 12
cm. longus validus praesertim infra flores plus minusve albo-
farinosus umbellam ad 6-floram gerens; bracteae lineari-
subulatae ad 1 cm. longae basi latiores et subtus quasi leviter.
pulvinatim incrassatae purpurascentes plus minusve albo-
farinosae ; pedicelli bracteas subaequantes vel eis breviores
sub fructu accrescentes erecti albo-farinosi in anthopodium
gradatim incrassati. Flos fragrans. Calyx ad 8.5 mm. longus
breviter campanulatus extus atropurpureus et plus minusve
albo-farinosus fere ad basim fissus lobis angustis ligulatis acutis
intus dense albo-farinosis. Corollae azureae floris brevistyli
tubus membranaceus circ. I cm. longus cylindricus supra
stamina ampliatus intus obscure rugosus annulatus annulo
tenui, limbi discus angustus vix 0.5 mm. latus, lobi ad g mm.
longi obovati tridentati. Stamina floris brevistyli filamentis
conspicuis tenuibus deorsum expansis et inter se basi con-
junctis antheris circ. 2.5 mm. longis apiculatis supra medium
tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus circ. 1.5 mm. ab
annulo remotis et calyce vix longioribus. Ovarium globosum ;
stylus brevis calyce dimidio brevior ; stigma magnum dis-
coideum recurvum lobulatum. Capsula circ. 1.2 cm. longa
cylindrica calycem paullo superans straminea crustacea apice
valvis 5 primariis recurvis Saepe fissis dehiscens; placenta
brevis circ. 3 mm. longa claviformis vix stipitata.

Species P. minori, Balf. fil. et Ward affinis sed albo-farinosa.

“Yunnan. Western flank of the Lichiang Range. Alt.
13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 25’ N. Plant of 3-5 inches. Ledges of
limestone cliffs. Very rare.” G. Forrest. No. 6425. August
Igio.

“Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40" N. Plant of 3-5 inches.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. I5I

Flowers blue, eye purplish-yellow, fragrant. Moist limy pasture
and the ledges of limestone cliffs.” G. Forrest. No. 10,405.
July 1913.

Mr. Forrest obtained this plant in course of his second ex-
ploration of Yunnan, but only in fruit, Specimens in his 1913
and 1914 collections with flower enable a determination of
the species to be made. It is one of the Pulchella series, but
is distinguished alike from P. pulchella, Franch. and P. minor,
Balf. fil. et Ward by the copious white mealy covering. It has
flowered at Edinburgh and seems to be thoroughly hardy. Its
glossy foliage marks it at sight as distinct from P. minor.

+ Primula cana, Balf. fil. et Cave. (Rotundifolia.)

Planta cana rhizomate longo breviter ramoso profuse radi-
cante foliorum scaporumque vestigiis siccis intertextis involutis
densissime obtecto. Gemmae squamis elongatis crustaceis
margine membranaceis imbricatis dense sulphureo-farinosis
circumdatae. Folia longe petiolata ad g cm. longa; lamina
oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga vel subrotundata ad 5 cm. longa
ad 3.5 cm. lata crasse coriacea subaequaliter dentata dentibus
obtusis vel acutis hydathodo terminatis nonnunquam denti-
culatis basim versus in petiolum erubescentem anguste alatum
longe vaginantem cuneatim attenuata nec cordata supra
viridis puberula subtus dense sulphureo-farinosa. Scapus circ.
to cm. longus plus minusve farinosus umbellam ad 16-floram
gerens ; bracteae lineari-subulatae circ. 1,2 cm. longae dense

-sulphureo-farinosae basi extus leviter pulvinatim incrassatae ;

pedicelli sub anthesi circ. 2 cm. longi filiformes sulphureo-farinosi
plus minusve divaricatim nutantes sub fructu stricti et inaequali-
ter elongati fere ad 5.5 cm. spadiceo-brunnei glabri; antho-
podium conspicuum anguste obconoideum. Calyx circ. I cm.
longus extus intusque dense sulphureo-farinosus late infundi-
buliformis ultra medium fissus, lobis a basi angusta lanceolato-
acuminatis circ. 7 mm. longis subpatentibus. | Corollae in flore
longistylo tubus aiedates cylindricus circ. 1 cm. longus infra
staminum insertionem constrictus supra vix ampliatus mem-
branaceus extus plus minusve farinosus intus erugulosus laevis
ad faucem annulo flavo 5-lobato parvo cinctus, limbi plani
discus angustus circ. r mm. latus, lobi angusti obovati circ. 8
mm. longi vix 5 mm. lati leviter crenulati. Stamina inframedium
tubi corollini inserta calyce breviora filamentis distinctis 0.5
mm. longis antheris circ. 2 mm. longis apiculatis. Ovarrum

ellipsoideum stylopodio coronatum ; stylus longus filiformis fere
exsertus ; stigma capitatum. Capsula spadicea calyce omnino
inclusa oblonga circ. 8 mm. longa vix 3 mm. diam. valvis 5
saepe fissis crustaceis Brevibas reflexis ab apice dehiscens ;

152 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

placenta circ. 4 mm. longa cylindrica stipite conspicuo circ.
longo. Semina angulata ellipsoidea nunc complanata
circ. 0.75 mm. diam. pallide fulva testae vesiculis magnis notata.

Species ex affinitate P. rotundifoliae, Wall. foliis basi cuneatis,
calyce tubum corollinum angustum aequante bene distincta.

Sikkim. Cave. Nos. 1423, 1513.

There are no particulars of the precise locality in Sikkim
whence Mr. Cave derived the specimens of this plant. It is
easily recognised amongst all forms belonging to the immediate
circle of P. rotundifolia, Wall. by the cuneately-based leaves,
the copiously branched inflorescence and the large calyx. The
whole plant is hoary with abundant meal.

\oy) Primula cardiophylla, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Rotundi-
i folia.)

P. rotundifolia, Hook. fil. in Fl. Brit. Ind. iii (1882), 483,
pro pte.; Pax Monogr. Primul.jin Engl. Pflanzenr. (1905), 120, p.p.

Planta robusta rhizomate crasso profuse radicante radicibus
rubicundis foliorum scaporumque vestigiis siccis dense obtecto
in siccitate petiolis ligulatis inter se contortis et circum scapos
strictos plus minusve volutis. Gemmae squamulis utrinque
sulphureo-farinosis ovato-acuminatis persistentibus imbricatim
vestitae. Folia plurima redolentia longe petiolata sub anthesi
circ. 14 cm. longa postea aucta; lamina carnosula cucullata
cordato-reniformis vel cordato-orbicularis circ. 4-6 cm. diam.
sub fructu aucta lobis basalibus rotundatis conniventibus sinum
angustum claudentibus margine dentata dentibus inaequalibus
triangularibus obtusis hydathodo apiculatis supra laete viridis
glandulis minutis capitatis subviscidis obtecta subtus dense
sulphureo-farinosa ; petiolus crassus ad 10 cm. longus in
juventute plus minusve sulphureo-farinosus deinde glanduloso-
puberulus canaliculatus exalatus basim versus dilatatus ibique
subalatus et plus minusve erubescens. Scapus validus sub
anthesi ad 22 cm. altus sub fructu multo longior plus minusve
sulphureo-farinosus umbellam ad 16-floram globosam solitariam
gerens nunc verticillis 1-2 accessoriis inferioribus multifloris
inter se remotis praeditus; bracteae dense farinosae lineares
subulatae ad 1.5 cm. longae pedicellis sub anthesi longiores vel
eos aequantes nunc breviores; pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi plus
minusve filiformes dense farinosi : anthopodium crassum turbina-
tum circ. 2.5 mm. longum. Calyx circ. 6 mm. longus crassus
extus intusque farinosus fere ad basim fissus tubo poculiformi
lobis trinerviis oblongis obtusis rarius denticulatis. Corollae
tubus in flore brevistylo 1.4 cm. longus infra cylindricus supra
calycem erubescens ibique extus glaber supra stamina paulo
ampliatus ibique extus pallide viridis et farinosus intus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 153

erugulosus ad os pentagonum annulatus annulo 5-lobato,
limbi plani vel subrepandi malvaceo-purpurei utrinque plus
minusve farinosi discus circ. 1 mm. latus, lobi late obovati vel
orbiculares circ. 8 mm. diam. apice subretusi vel subcrenulati.
Stamina ad faucem tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus
circ, I mm. ab annulo remotis filamentis conspicuis virides-
centibus brevibus antheris latis circ. 1.5 mm. longis connectivo
viridi-colorato apiculato. Ovarium breviter cylindricum;

stylus brevis calycem aequans vel paulo longior; stigma
spongiosum magnum subcylindricum vel turbinatum albidum.
Capsula ad 9 mm. longa crasse crustacea calyce dimidio longior
spadiceo-fusca valvis 5 reflexis ab apice dehiscens; placenta
cylindrica circ. 4 mm. longa breviter stipitata. Semina nigra
oblonga angulata circ. 0.75 mm. longa; testa grosse vesiculosa.

Species olim cum P. rotundifolia, Wall. confusa sed robustior
et foliis majoribus, bracteis multo longioribus, calycis lobis
latioribus, corollae lobis rotundatis notisque aliis diversa.

Si Interior. J.D. Hooker. May 1848. In Herb. Kew.

Sikkim. Sandakphu and Singaleelah Range. Alt. 12,000-
13,000 ft. Watt. No. 5375. 1881. In Herb. Kew, Calc., Edin.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. Alt. 11,700 ft. Lace. No. 2255.
23rd May 1902. In Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. Alt. 11,000 ft. Rhomoo. No. 2196.
3rd Jan. 1909. In Herb. Edin.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. Alt.12,o00ft. Cave. 15th Jan.1912,
30th May 1913. In Herb. Edin

Specimens showing enlarged fruiting state :—

Sikkim. Kurz. Oct. 1868. In Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. 12,000 ft. Gamble. No. 65c. Oct.
1875. In Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. 12,000 ft. King’s Collector. 1888.
In Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. 11,000 ft. No. 11,593. Oct. 1808.
In Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. 11,000 ft. Cave. No. 6323. 2nd
Aug. 1915. In Herb. Calc.

Most Indian botanists have identified with P. rotundzfolia,
Wall. from Gossain Than in Nepal some plants from about
Sandakphu and Singaleelah in S.W. Sikkim. But these Sikkim
plants are not, or at any rate not all, Wallich’s species. Sir
Joseph Hooker has indicated his doubt of the identity of the
Sikkim and Nepalese plants on a sheet in the Kew Herbarium
of specimens collected by himself in 1848, and marked “interior
of Sikkim.” Whether or no that means the south-western
corner whence all other herbarium matenal) is derived I cannot say,
but certainly this plant i t} Smany of the Sandakphu ones.

154 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

I find that Mr. Craib has also queried in Kew Herbarium the
identification of the Sikkim and the Nepal plants.

I have had opportunity of examining four sheets of Wallich’s
species—one in the Kew Herbarium and three in the Calcutta
Herbarium—and I come to the same conclusion as Sir Joseph
Hooker and Mr. Craib. I am indeed not convinced that all
the Sandakphu and Singaleelah plants are of one species,
and the suggestion of this difference amongst them, and that
there may be two species, or at least microforms, is based not
only upon examination of herbarium material but also upon
recollection of cultivated plants. We used to grow at Edin-
burgh a plant under the name of P. rotundifolia (raised from
Calcutta seed) of which IT have the following note :—leaves
small, sulphur-mealy below, with delicate petioles, a scape bear-
ing a single umbel of pink flowers with short bracts and longer
pedicels, the corolla tube was funnel-shaped, with the tips of the
anthers in the short-styled flowers close up to the annulus though
not exserted, and the style itself nearly twice as long as the calyx.
I do not recollect a great increase of leaf development after
flowering and as the fruits matured. Our plant of to-day under
the name of P. rotundifolia—it came to us from Mr. Cave at
Darjeeling—is a much more robust one, with leaves having
stout petioles and enlarging to twice the flowering size during
fruiting ; the single flower umbel is often subtended by a whorl
of flowers, the flowers themselves are subtended by bracts longer
than or as long as the pedicels, and have a narrow cylindric tube
to their corolla, and the tips of the stamens in the short-styled
plant are a little below the mouth of the throat, the short style
being hardly longer than the calyx. As cultivated plants the
two are very different. I have not dried specimens of the two
plants to stimulate recollection. They were too precious to
sacrifice for the herbarium, and now we seem to have lost the
old plant. Of it I have only a couple of flowers preserved in
spirit for comparison. Therefore my saying about it is some-
what indefinite and would not have beenintroduced here but that
I think the dried specimens in herbaria seem to support and are
not hostile to the view that there are two distinct plants, and I
would like to ask collectors to observe carefully the plants in their
native habitat. Here I am contenting myself (along with Mr.
Smith) with demarking under the name P. cardiophylla, Balf.
fil. et W. W. Sm. from Wallich’s P. rotundifolia the plant of
which Sir Joseph Hooker had doubts and with which may be
associated specimens of other collectors as cited above. This is
the plant we have now growing at Edinburgh, and no longer to
be called P. rotundifolia, Wall.

Of specimens hitherto called P. rotundifolia, Wall. which are

Ae

BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 155

not that species and which are perhaps not P. cardiophylla,
Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. I cite here :—
Sikkim. 11,000 ft. Tanner. In Herb. Calc.
Sandakphu. 12,000 ft. Clarke. No. 13,707 C. (in Herb.
Calc.) ; 13,707 J. (in Herb. Kew). 5th June 1884.
Sandakphu. King’s Collector. June 1887. 12,000 ft.
Calc.

Sandakphu. 11,800ft. Gammie. No.14. roth June 18or.
In Herb. Calc.
Sandakphu. Rhomoo. No. 285. 30th May 1908. In Herb.
di

Edin.
Sandakphu. Rhomoo. No. 782. 21st July 1910. In Herb.
Edin.

I may point out that the increase in size of leaf by the time
fruit is mature is remarkable, the petiole and lamina sharing
equally in the increase. And this leads me to speak of a specimen
in the Kew Herbarium which bears the label “ Primula rotundt-
folia, Wall. var.—Laka, 11,000 ft. Dhurmsala, Clarke, No. 24,559.
17th Oct. 1874.” In pencil on the sheet is written “ P. tricostata,
Watt.” There are specimens of two distinct species on the
sheet. One specimen is a scrap of a fruiting scape, and
it might belong to P. cardiophylla. The rest of the specimens,
also fragmentary—four leaves, a rhizome, and portions of
two scapes bearing fruit—supposing them to be of one species
—belong to a plant of quite a different Section. The calyx
is that of one of the Geranioides, and its ribbing has
given origin apparently to the MS. name. The leaves and the
rhizome bud would suit Geranioides, but there is no Indian species
of the Section with similar leaves and fruit. The leaves recall
those of P. mollis, Hook., but the scapes do not. It isa plant to
be looked for. Why it calls for mention here is that in “ Flora
of British India”’ the area of distribution of P. rotundifolia,
Wall. is given as “‘ Temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir, alt.
11,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft.’”’ The statement
is, I suspect, based upon this Kew sheet. But neither P. rotundi-
folia, Wall., nor any one of its immediate allies, is found in the
West Himalaya. P. rotundifolia, Wall. is to our present know-
ledge a plant of Nepal. VP. cardiophylla, here segregated, is
a plant of S.W. Sikkim, and this is the species to which most of
the P. votundifolva of living collections belongs.

Primula chrysochlora, Balf. fil. et Ward. (Candelabra.)
Glabra efarinosa. Folia membranacea rosulata tenuia vir-
idia ad 8 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata oblonga vel oblongo-obovata
obtusa margine irregulariter denticulata basi in petiolum
brevissimum vaginantem attenuata subtus pallidiora glanduloso-

156 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

foveolata. Scapus robustus ad 4 dm. altus nigro-viridis um-
bellam terminalem plurifloram (ad 12) et verticillos inferos
3-4 inter se remotos gerens; bracteae ad 2.5 cm. longae laete
virides elongato-lanceolatae acuminatae vel ligulatae apice
nonnunquam dentatae; pedicelli validi mox deflexi bracteis
breviores. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus ad 7.5 mm. longus
5-costatus costis laete viridibus intervallis pallidis pergamenta-
ceis ad medium fissus lobis triangulari-acuminatis hydathodo
corneo terminatis. Corollae aureae tubus ad 1.2 cm. longus
floris longistyli infundibularis, brevistyli cylindricus angustior,
annulatus intus infra stamina membranaceus transverse
rugosus supra crassior granuloso-puberulus, limbus granuloso-
puberulus, lobi late obcordati vel subrotundati ad 8 mm. diam.
emarginati. Stamina floris brevistyli antheris sub annulum
insertis, longistyli basim tubi corollini versus imserta calyce
inclusa et strumis corollinis annulatim separata. Ovarium
ovoideum; stylus brevis calyce brevior, longus exsertus ;
stigma globosum.

Ex affinitate P. helodoxae, Balf. fil. sed farinae inopia, foltis
membranaceis, pedicellis nutantibus, calyce ad medium fisso

- differt

o Yunnan. Marshes near Tengyueh. Alt. 4000-5000 ft.
12th April 1913. Just coming into flower.” F. K. Ward.
No. 211.

This species of Candelabra Primula sent by Kingdon Ward,
coming from the same general area as P. helodoxa, Balf. fil.,
which in appearance it recalls, has more than ordinary interest
on account of the variability that is shown by the latter species.
P. chrysochlora, Balf. fil. et Ward is a plant of very wet places,
and its leaves are thin and membranous, short and broad—more
so than in any form of P. helodoxa, Balf. fil..—and they make
a spreading rosette. There is no trace of the golden meal so
prominent on the inflorescence of P. helodoxa, Balf. fil. The
bracts and calyx are green, wonderfully bright in a dried
specimen. The bracts are long, exceeding the pedicels, and have
a general strap form tapering mostly to the point, but some-
times not diminishing in width, and then having a toothed
apex. The absence of the meal from the calyx allows the
sepaline ridges to show up as green bands in the middle of each
of which runs the delicate mid-vein, and the intervals between
the bands are paler with a parchment texture. The whole
calyx we may call vittate, and it is very different from the
calyx in P. helodoxa, Balf. fil. The inner parts of the flower
are not markedly different from those of P. helodoxa.

One asks, Can this be a microform of P. helodoxa, Balf. fil. ?
Its characters as seen in the solitary sheet of specimens suffice

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 157

to distinguish it readily. If I give it a name, I do not overlook
the possibility suggested.

' Primula conica, Balf. fil. et Forrest. (Muscarioides.)

Herba rosulata efarinosa pilosa rhizomate parvo rosulis
sub anthesi gemmae squamis et foliis juvenilibus basi cinctis.
Folia petiolata ad 17 cm. longa ad 3.5 cm. lata; lamina oblonga
vel oblanceolata apice obtusa _ vel subrotundata deorsum in
petiolum alatum vix distinctum subvaginatum i in medio erubes-
centem gradatim attenuata margine sub-erosa denticulis vel
crenis paucis irregularibus obtusis vel acutis et hydathodo corneo
terminatis saepe decurvis utrinque concolor pilis mollibus
longis albis hirsuta subtus praecipue ad venas vestita. Scapus
validus ad 30 cm. altus hirsutus efarinosus spicam conicam ad
3-5 cm. longam multifloram gerens floribus deflexis imbricatis ;
bracteae ligulatae obtusae basi expansae circ. I cm. longae
virides vel apice purpurascentes pilis glandulosis ciliatae deflexae
externae floribus occultae supremae purpureae plus minusve
erectae et ultra flores prolatae ; pedicelli subnulli. Calyx obliquus
suburceolatus circ. 4.5 mm. longus tenuis membranaceus extus
intusque glanduloso-viscidus ad medium fissus tubo viridi
deflexo lobis inaequalibus pilis longis engi ciliatis pos-
teriore maximo externo extus purp te rotundato 3.5 m
lato apice truncato et eroso vel dentato SS oe
rotundato-ovatis minoribus viridibus vel leviter purpureo-
striatis antero-lateralibus minimis ellipticis vel late ovatis sub-
acutis viridibus. Corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis coeruleo-
purpurea deflexa 1.5 cm. longa ad faucem ampliata tubo intus
albescente et minutissime glanduloso-puberulo exannulato limbi
concavi disco circ. I.5 mm. lato lobis subquadratis vel subrotund-
atis circ. 2.5 mm. longis emarginatis. Stamina filamentis
albidis conspicuis latis antheris parvis fl. brevistyli in faucem
corollae antherarum apicibus vix exsertis longistyli basim versus
apicibus vix calycem excedentibus inserta. Ovarium globosum
viride ; stylus brevis calycem aequans pallide viridis, longus
exsertus ; stigma magnum discoideum margine revolutum.

Species efarinosa Sectionis Muscarioidis scapo _hirsuto,
bracteis calyceque pilis glandulosis ciliatis, calyce extus intusque
viscido-glanduloso, corollae lobis subquadratis emarginatis
valde distincta.

“Yunnan. Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27°30’ N. Alt. 11,000
ft. Open pasture by streams.” Forrest, No. 12,707. July
IQr4.

This plant is a typical member of the Muscarioid Section and
of that division of it, including P. gracilenta, Dunn, in which
mealiness is absent, and like that species it has a very hairy scape.

158 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

The absence of meal from the flowers seems to be made up for
by the development of viscidly-glandular short hairs over the
calyx inside and out, and the margins of the calyx are fringed
also with long glandular hairs. Concurrently the calyx is very
thin and membranous. In P. gracilenta the calyx has a close
covering of non-glandular hairs on the outside and is bare of
them inside. One may say P. gracilenta is the nearest ally in
the Section to P. conica. In addition to the calyx character,
P. gracilenta is readily differentiated by the apiculate corolla-
lobes. The behaviour of P. conica in cultivation so far suggests
treatment for it not different from that of other members of
the Section. The plant was introduced by Mr. Williams of
Caerhays Castle through seed collected by Mr. G. Forrest, and
flowered for the first time in 1916 with Messrs. Wallace of
Colchester and also at Edinburgh.

Primula Cooperi, Balf. fil. (Candelabra.)

Aromatica epilosa. Folia petiolata sub anthesi ad 18 cm
longa ad 3.5 cm. lata; lamina membranacea viridis elongato-
oblonga obtusa vel acuta margine irregulariter denticulata basi
in petiolum aequilongum vel longiorem anguste alatum vagin-

glandulis minutis plurimis obtecta venis primariis ex costa
media subtus prominula subpatenter adscendentibus ; folia post
anthesin accrescentia ad 27 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata. Scapus
ad 20 cm. altus viridis umbellam terminalem plurifloram inter-
dum verticillo infero praeditam gerens ; bracteae ad 8 mm.longae
lineares minutissime puberulae et nigro-punctatae ; pedicelli fili-
fermes ad 2 cm. longi minutissime puberuli virides deflexi sub
fructu erecti stricti; anthopodium breve. Calyx tubulosus
efarinosus opacus ad 7 mm. longus crassus extus scabriusculus
5-costatus ad trientem fissus, lobis elongato-triangularibus
obtusis. Corollae aurantiacae ubique puberulae tubus crassus
infundibularis 1 cm. longus supra stamina ampliatus annulo
luteo prominulo instructus infra stamina rugosus, limbi concavi
— I mm. latus, lobi rotundati vel oblongi ad 8 mm. longi
d 7 mm. lati subcrenulati truncati mucronulati. Stamina
Pie brevistyli infra medium tubi corollini inserta; filamenta
distincta ; antherae 2 mm. longae apicibus ab annulo 4 mm.
remotis calyce breviores. Ovarium globosum ; stylus longus
albus tubum corollae aequans; stigma apice depressum.
Capsula globosa tubo calycis lobis patentibus inclusa primo
operculatim dein irregulariter valvatim dehiscens. Semina
parva 0.5 mm. diam. cuboidea brunnea subscrobiculata.
Species aromatica efarinosa P. serratifoliae, Franch. forsan

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 159

affinis, bracteis nigro-punctatis, corolla concolore inter notas
alias distincta.

“Sikkim. Above Toong. Alt. 10,000 ft. Most distinct
yellow colour. Never seen but here on sandy stream side.
R. E. Cooper.”’ No. 349. 25th July 1912. Also Nos. 892, 893.
16th Sept: 1913.

This plant we owe to Ronald E. Cooper, collector for Bees,
Ltd. It is an interesting addition to the East Himalayan
Candelabra Primulas. At first sight it resembles the yellow-
flowered P. obliqua, W. W. Sm. and P. elongata, Watt, of
Sikkim, but apart from its odour, which serves at once as a
diagnostic mark, the globose operculate fruit separates it from
the Section of these plants. The only other yellow-flowered
Candelabra species of the northern area of the East Himalayas
is P. Smithiana, Craib, a Chumbi plant, which may be readily
diagnosed by the dense sulphur-yellow meal coating its calyx
and inflorescence. The Khasian yellow Candelabras P. proli-
fera, Wall. and P. khasiana, Balt. fil. et W. W. Sm., both of
which have no meal, have not the aromatic leaves of P. Coopers,
and have more delicate flower pedicels, shorter calyces,
and smaller fruits. Perhaps its nearest relation amongst the
yellow-flowered Candelabras is the Chinese P. serratifolia, Franch.
but that species has a more Soldanelloid corolla with a central
lemon-coloured strip on each petaline lobe.

yt Primula Craibeana, Balf. fil. et W.W.Sm. (Sphaerocephala.)

Rosulata rhizomate globoso parvo radicibus plurimis foliisque
plurimis erectis floribus coaetaneis. Folia in rosula 8-14 ad 12
cm. longa petiolata ; lamina chartacea circ. 1.2 cm. lata anguste
oblanceolata apice acuta vel apiculata deorsum in petiolum
subaequilongum anguste alatum basi subamplexicaulem sensim
attenuata margine denticulis crebris argutis subregulariter
denticulata supra atroviridis sed tamen glandulis stipitatis
minutis fariniferis conspersa subrugulosa costa media et venulis
primariis plurimis oblique ascendentibus plus minusve sulcatis
subtus luteo-farinosa favoso-reticulata venarum reti eminente.
Scapus rigidus ad 40 cm. altus cum bracteis plus minusve luteo-
farinosus umbellam capitatam multifloram plus minusve glo-
bosam gerens; bracteae 2-4 mm. longae ovato-lanceolatae
obtusae externae recurvatae, pedicelli subnulli vel ad 0.5 mm.
longi; flores deflexi. Calyx circ. 6 mm. longus tenuis sub-
campanulatus luteo-farinosus tubo intus excepto vix ad medium
fissus lobis erectis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis inaequalibus
posteriore aliis majore acutiusculis. Corollae tubus membran-
aceus erubescens circ. 9 mm. longus 5-carinatus infra cylindricus
supra stamina paulo inflatus extus aureo-farinosus intus pur-

160 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

pureus transverse tenuiter rugulosus minute annulatus, limbi
concavi discus circ. 1.5 mm. latus, lobi circ. 3 mm. longi sub-
quadrati erecti emarginati. Stamina filamentis conspicuis
antheris 1.5 mm. longis connectivo purpureo in flore brevistylo
ad faucem inserta antherarum apicibus vix exsertis. Ovarium
ovoideum stylopodio coronatum ; stylus brevis ovario brevior ;
stigma depresso-capitatum. . Capsula oblongo-ovoidea calyce
inclusa infra tenuiter crustacea supra incrassata vulis
integris apice tantum dehiscentibus ; placenta ovoidea stipite
brevissimo. Semina atrobrunnea cuboidea vesiculoso-tuber-
culata.

Microforma P. capitatae, Hook. foliis anguste lanceolatis
acutis supra efarinosis subtus luteo-farinosis inflorescentia
globosa distinguenda.

Sikkim. Alt. 10,000-16,o00 ft. J. D. Hooker.

This species was first noted in the herbarium at Kew by Mr.
W..G. Craib,and he refers to it in his paper read before the Primula
Conference. It differs from all other forms of the Aggregate
P. capitata, Hook. by having yellow meal. Its nearest Indian
ally is P. lacteocapitata, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. The rhizome
and the form of the leaves in the two species is similar, as is also
the globose inflorescence. But P. lacteocapitata has cream-
coloured meal and is mealy on both leaf surfaces. This plant
has quite yellow meal and only on the under surface. The dried
specimens do not allow of a certain decision upon the colour of
the petioles, but there is a suggestion of redness—one of the
features of P. lacteocapitata. So far as I know this plant is not
yet in cultivation.

Of the distribution of the species in Sikkim I cannot speak
here. Two sheets of specimens in Kew Herbarium collected by
Sir Joseph Hooker show the plant—mixed in each case with another
species. In the Calcutta Herbarium and in that of Edinburgh
are several sheets of specimens which evidently belong to the
species, and these will be dealt with in an account of the whole
Capitate Aggregate.

Primula crispa, Balf. fil. et W. W.Sm. (Denticulata.)

P. capitata, var. crispa, Hort.

P. capitata, var. erosa, Hort

P. erosa, Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. (1887), = 6916 A. (non Wall.).

Epilosa rhizomate parvo foliis circ. 16 in rosula dispositis
fioribus coaetaneis. Folia circ. 8 cm. longa petiolata; lamina
carnosula ad 4 cm. longa ad 1.5 cm. lata oblonga vel oblanceo-
lata vel obovata spathulata apice rotundata circumcirca erosa
vel sublobulata et crispidenticulata deorsum in petiolum
aequilongum vel longiorem alatum rubrum gradatim attenuata

BALFOUR—NEWwW. SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 161

utrinque viridis efarinosa sed tamen glandulis parvulis capitatis
stipitatis fariniferis conspersa supra rugosa costa media venu-
lisque sulcatis subtus pallidior favoso-reticulata costa venisque
elevatis. Scapus ad 20 cm. altus validus cum bracteis pedi-
cellisque aureo-farinosus umbellam capitatam parvam saepe
obliquam gerens; bracteae erectae anguste ovatae vel a basi
lanceolatae acuminato-caudatae ad 8 mm. longae integrae vel
denticulis subulatis paucis praeditae carinatae basi pulvinatim
incrassatae ; pedicelli ad 2 mm. longi anthopodio 0.5 mm.
longo turbin ato terminati. Calyx tubulosus circ. mm.
longus extus intusque aureo-farinosus ultra medium fissus
lobis viridibus circ. 4.5 mm. longis a basi lanceolatis acutis
subpatentibus aequalibus. Corollae tubus erubescens extus
aureo-farinosus in flore brevistylo circ. 9 mm. longus intus
plus minusve aurantiacus infra stamina tubulosus et rugu-
losus supra ampliatus et farinosus ad faucem aurantiaco-
strumosus vix annulatus, limbi concavi extus intusque
farinosi discus circ. 2 mm. latus, lobi obcordati circ. 4 mm
diam. emarginati. Stamina in flore brevistylo filamentis
brevissimis antheris magnis ad 2 mm. longis apicem
tubi corollini versus inserta antherarum apicibus ad os
attingentibus. Ovarium viride turbinatum stylopodio lato
coronatum; stylus brevis calyce multo brevior; stigma
capitatum.

Species Sectionis Denticulatae; a P. erosa, Wall. valde
diversa et foliis carnosulis crispididenticulatis petiolisque rubris
scapo floribusque aureo-farinosis facile distinguenda.

Sikkim. Ningbil. Alt. 13,000 ft. W.W.Smith. No. ety
11th Aug. IgIo.

This is the P. evosa of the Bot. Mag. (1887), t. 6916.. It
is not the true P. erosq, Wall. Both this and P. erosa, Wall
belong to the Denticulata Section, and are easily separated from
P. capitata, Hook. fil. and its many forms and allies by the in-
florescence and flower characters. It does not appear to be a
species common in cultivation. Through the generosity of
Mr. G. Reuthe a plant of it came to the Royal Botanic Garden.
Edinburgh, and a prized gift it was, inasmuch as it enabled me to
solve the problem which had previously baffled me of the identity
of the plant figured in the Bot. Mag., t. 6916. The Director“
of Kew kindly allowed me to have for examination the dried
specimen of the plant from which this figure was drawn, but, I
had never met with a plant in cultivation which I could match
with that shown in the Bot. Mag. until I received the plant from
Mr. Reuthe. There is no mistaking it. The short fleshy crisp
blades of the leaf, green on both sides, and the long red petioles
are in addition to its Denticulata flowers most distinctive. The

B

162 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

plant must not be mixed up with P. crispata, Balf. fil. et W. W.
Sm. That is a microform of true P. capitata, Hook.

Only one native locality is cited here forthe plant. -
Further examination of the rich material of primulas in the
Calcutta Herbarium is required before its distribution can be
ascertained.

0°” Primula crispata, Balf. fil. et W. W.Sm. (Sphaerocephala.)

P. capttata, Hort. in Garden (1879), 535, pl. ccx.

Rosulata epilosa foliis plurimis cum floribus coaetaneis paten-
tibus rhizomate crasso brevi copiose radicante. Folia mem-
branacea circ. Io cm. longa late petiolata ; lamina ad 3.5 cm. lata
anguste oblonga vel oblanceolata deorsum in petiolum alatum
ad 1.5 cm. latum viridem vix ab lamina discretum basi subam-
plexicaulem attenuata apice rotundata vel obtusa margine eroso-
denticulata denticulis hydathodo conspicuo terminatis utrinque
viridis glandulis stipitatis inconspicuis fariniferis conspersa sed
tamen efarinosa supra rugosa areolatim venulosa costa media
venulisque primariis plurimis patulis sulcatis albidis subtus
pallidior costa media venulisque primariis elevatis venarum
reti ultimo favoso-reticulato. Scapus validus teres erectus ad
30 cm. altus cum bracteis pedicellisque dense albofarinosus
umbellam capitatam discoideam multifloram gerens; bracteae
infimae sub anthesi recurvatae oblongae obtusae vel subacutae
integrae vel plus minusve denticulatae circ. 8 mm. longae 4 mm.
latae nervo medio conspicuo supremae sub floribus inexpansis
erectae subincurvatae ultra flores haud prolatae ; pedicelli pallide
virides ad 4 mm. longi plus minusve curvati: anthopodium
turbinatum ad 2 mm. longum a calyce abstrictum. Calyx
viridis ad 8 mm. longus infundibuliformis dense albo-farinosus
tubo intus excepto ad medium fissus lobis aequalibus (vel posteri-
ore paullo majore) oblongis vel ligulatis obtusis adpressis deinde
subpatentibus. Corollae tubus in flore brevistylo circ. 1.2 cm.
longus in longistylo circ. 1 cm. cylindricus 5-costatus membrana-
ceus supra stamina ampliatus extus erubescens supra calycem
albo-farinosus intus lilacinus vel pallide purpureus transverse
rugosus ad faucem rugis lilacinis vel purpureis strumosis sub-
annulatim notatus, limbi concavi atroviolacei supra glandulis
plus minusve fariniferis conspersi circ. 8 mm. longi discus
circ. 3 mm. latus, lobi elliptici vel subrotundati vel subobcordati
emarginati vel sub-bifidi circ. 5 mm. longi erecti imbricati.
Stamina filamentis conspicuis purpureis cum antheris circ.
1 mm. longis purpureis in flore brevistylo ad faucem tubi corollini
antherarum apicibus circ. 2 mm. ab ore remotis inserta, in longi-
stylo basim versus supra ovarium inserta calyceque inclusa.
Ovarium turbinatum vertice stylopodio incrassato coronatum ;

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 163

stylus brevis ovarium vix aequans longus tubo corollino brevior ;
stigma albidum late discoideum lobulatum ab ore tubi corollini
circ. 2 mm. remotum.

Microforma P. capitatae, Hook. sed robustior et foliis utrinque
efarinosis petiolisque viridibus distinguenda.

“Sikkim. Laghep. Alt.11z,ooo ft. Fine showy blue among
mixed herbage. Meal only on head.” R.E. Cooper. No. 96r.
27th Sept. 1913. ¢

This is one of the plants that has been for long in culti-
vation under the name P. capitata, Hook. The figure in the
Garden for 1879 (pl. ccx) represents it. In size of all its parts
it is a little smaller than P. Mooreana, Balf fil. et W. W. Sm.,
which it resembles somewhat in habit, but it is readily recognised
as distinct from P. Mooreana by the absence of meal from
both sides of the leaf. P. crispa, Balf. fil. et W..W. Sm.
resembles it somewhat in the erosion of the Jeaf margins,
but that species has leaves with narrow red petioles, and then
its inflorescence is that of the Denticulata Section, with
erect or only patent bracts, and it has golden meal. I have
only cited native specimens from one locality in Sikkim. Of
these there is no doubt, but I think we shall find that other
specimens, particularly in the Calcutta Herbarium, belong to
the species, and the area of distribution will prove to be wider
than is suggested by the solitary citation here given.

Primula Dianae, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Amethystina.)
Efarinosa epilosa rhizomate brevi radicibus erubescentibus
foliorum rosulis sub anthesi gemmae cataphyllis ligulatis elongatis
erectis erubescentibus plus minusve membranaceis circumcinctis.
Folia glabra longe petiolata ad 12 cm. longa; lamina mem-
branacea oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga vel elliptica ad 6 cm.
longa ad 3 cm. lata apice rotundata margine subcartilaginea
denticulis minutis triangularibus hydathodo conspicuo terminatis
notata basim versus integra et cuneatim in petiolum attenuata
utrinque fere concolor laevis costa media venisque primariis
plurimis pinnatim patulis plus minusve conspicuis; petiolus
ruber ad 6 cm. longus anguste alatus basi subamplexicaulis.
Scapus ad 20 cm. altus pilis fariniferis infra sparsissime supra
dense obtectus erubescens umbellam 3-8-floram gerens ; bracteae
atropurpureae coriaceae involucratae parvae circ. 3 mm. longae
a basi lanceolatae obtusae farinosae uninerviae extus basi sub-
incrassatae ; pedicelli atropurpurei filiformes ad 1 cm. longi
farinosi subnutantes; anthopodium crassum turbinatum ad
2 mm. longum. Calyx atropurpureus extus intusque farinosus
subcampanulatus ad 4 mm. longus crasse coriaceus ultra medium
fissus tubo 5-angulato intervallis pallidioribus lobis oblongis

164 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

_vel subovatis obtusis. Corollae atropurpureae in flore longistylo

2.2 cm. longae tubus circ. 1.2 cm. longus atropurpureus cylind-
ricus supra stamina paulo ampliatus extus glandulosus intus
erugulosus purpureo-annulatus fauce puberula, limbi discus
circ. 2 mm. latus dense glandulosus, lobi oblongo-obovati circ.
8 mm. longi imbricati integri. Stamina infra medium tubi
corollini inserta ultra calycem projecta filamentis conspicuis
circ. 0.5 mm. longis deorsum expansis antheris flavidis connectivo
fulvo circ. 2 mm. longis. Ovarium ovoideum; stylus. longus
filiformis tubum corollinum aequans; stigma ovoideum.
Capsula globosa circ. 4 mm. diam. calyce inclusa irregulariter (?)
dehiscens; placenta globosa brevissime stipitata. Semina
angulata brunnea circ. 1 mm. diam. testa vesiculoso-tuberculata.

Species Sectionis Amethystinae foliis longe petiolatis valde
distincta.

‘Bhutan. Champa Pumthang. Alt. 12,000 ft. Herb in
open turf in gaps of Abies forest.”” R. E. Cooper. No. 4000.
1gth June 1915.

This is another interesting new Primula from Bhutan,
helping to bind the Himalayan with the West Chinese flora.
P. Dianae belongs to the Amethystina Section, which is typi-
cally represented in the Eastern Himalaya by the charming
P. Kingit, Watt, and also by P. Gageana, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.
From these Cooper’s plant is readily distinguished by the long
petiolate leaves and the corolla not velvety puberulous. The
Section is more numerously represented in China by P. amethy-
stina, Franch., P. brevifolia, G. Forrest, P. leimonophila, Balf.
fil., P. petrophyes, Balf. fil., and the small P. sélaensis, Franch.
Cooper’s plant takes most after P. brevifolia, but from all these
Chinese plants, as from the Indian, the long petioled leaves at
once separate it.

Primula Duthieana, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Nivalis.)

Planta rhizomate brevi alabastri squamis elongatis erectis
rufescentibus submembranaceis rosulam foliorum tunicatim ob-
tegentibus. Folia ad 20 cm. longa ad 3.5 cm. lata lanceolata
vel oblanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata acuta margine sub-
tiliter crenulata deorsum in petiolum alatum vix distinctum
attenuata glabra efarinosa. Scapus folia aequans vel vix eis
longior robustus superne cum bracteis pedicellisque calyceque
glandulis globosis fariniferis obsitus umbellam plurifloram (ad
20) gerens; bracteae ligulatae foliaceae ad 3.5 cm. longae ad
2 cm. latae acutae; pedicelli validi bracteis breviores vel
longiores ; anthopodium obconoideum. Calyx elongato-cam-
panulatus viridis circ. 1 cm. longus ultra medium fissus lobis
a basi lanceolatis venis plurimis percursis intus dense glanduloso-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 165

puberulis. Corollae luteae concoloris tubus infra cylindricus
supra stamina ampliatus in flore longistylo circ. 1.8 cm. longus
in brevistylo circ. 1.4 cm. longus membranaceus erugosus
annulatus annulo crenulato-lobato, limbi discus angustus vix
0.5 mm. latus puberulus, lobi oblongi vel elliptici integri ad
I cm. longi. Stamina filamentis distinctis deorsum expansis
antheris angustis circ. 2.5 mm. longis apiculatis in flore brevi-
stylo ad faucem inserta antherarum apicibus circ. I mm. a
annulo remotis in longistylo infra medium antheris calyce vix
brevioribus. Ovarium ovoideum stylopodio conspicuo ; stylus
longus tenuis tubo corollae quadrante brevior, brevis validior
calyce triente brevior ; stigma capitatum. Capsula cylindrica
circ. 1.5 cm. longa circ. 3 mm. lata calycem haud auctum
lobis intus dense luteo-farinosis dimidio excedens ab apice
dentibus 5 rotundatis dehiscens; placenta columnaris brevis
circ. 5 mm. longa brevissime stipitata. Semina ad 2 mm.
longa nigrobrunnea complanata multiformia orbicularia
vel oblonga vel fusiformia angulata semper plus minusve
spongiosa.

Primulae Stuartii, Wall. affinis, bracteis longis, capsula
calycem multo superante distincta.

Hazara. Bangas, Mazaffarabad. Inayat. 21st July 1897.
No. 21,979a. In Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Chapri, Kagan. Inayat. 27th July 1897.
No. 21,979; 25th July 1899; 28th July 1899. In Herb.

Hazara. Giti Dass, Kagan. Inayat. 23rd June 1899. In
Herb. Kew. 3
Hazara. Musa, Muzaffarabad. 18th July 1899. In Herb.

ew.

Hazara. Nila, Kagan. Inmayat. 21st July 1899. No.
21,9790. In Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Ragi bhozi, Kagan. Duthie. 23rd July 1899.
In Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Uraksula, Kagan. Duthie. 25th July 1899. In
Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Parchnadi, Saran Range. Inayat. 13th Aug.
1899. In Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Khunda. 22nd Aug. 1899. In Herb. Kew.

Hazara. Urni, Jabar, Saran Range. Inayat. 24th Aug.
1899. In Herb. Kew.

This plant is a dwarf P. Stwartit, Wall., but recognisable at
sight in dried specimens at least by the long bracts of the in-
florescence and then in fruit by the longer and broader capsule
with larger seeds. The specimens of it I have examined are
from Duthie’s collection now at Kew. They have been abun-

\e8

166 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

dantly poisoned, so much so that layers of crystals of corrosive
sublimate are to be found on. the surface of the capsule under
the calyx lobes. This poisoning may account for the absence
of actual meal—excepting on the inside of the calyx lobes in
fruit—on all the specimens, although the capitate glands from
which meal comes are abundant. In nature the plant is, I
expect, covered more or less with yellow meal.

We know it only as a North-West Himalayan form, but from
none of the localities recorded for P. Stwartiz.

Primula eburnea, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Soldanelloides.)

Rosulata rhizomate minuto foliisque membranaceis paucis
floribus coaetaneis. Folia petiolata sub anthesi magnitudine
variabilia nunc 5 cm. longa nunc ad 18 cm.; lamina in foliis
minoribus elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 3 cm. longa 1.5 cm. lata
in majoribus ad 9 cm. longa ad 3.5 cm. lata in omnibus apice
rotundata vel obtusa margine denticulata in foliis maximis
nonnunquam paulo lobulata lobulis denticulatis denticulis
triangularibus minute glanduloso-ciliatis semper venulae mediae
apiculo prolato terminatis basi in petiolum aequilongum vel
longiorem paulo alatum basique vaginantem longe cuneatim
attenuata utrinque concolor pallide viridis glandulis stipitatis
plus minusve viscida costa media subtus prominula venisque
primariis acute adscendentibus et superne flabellatim divaricatis.
Scapus tenuis ad 20 cm. altus albo-farinosus capitulum globosum
multiflorum floribus deflexis gerens; bracteae parvae circ.
6 mm. longae vix 1 mm. latae a basi ligulatae acutiusculae ;
pedicelli nulli. Calyx magnus laete viridis membranaceus late
crateriformis ad 9 mm. longus extus intusque glandulis fariniferis
stipitatis obtectus ad trientem fissus lobis inaequalibus patentibus
latis subrotundatis vel late triangularibus vel oblongo-ovatis
semper denticulatis obtusis vel acutis margine glanduloso-
ciliatis. Corollae floris longistyli magnae circ. 2 cm. longae
eburneae extus intusque glandulis stipitatis obtectae tubus
circ. I cm. longus basi circum ovarium globosus firmus supra
infundibuliformis erugulosus exannulatus tenuiter membranaceus
obliquus, limbi ampliati discus concavus circ. 4 mm. latus in
lobos circ. 6 mm. longos et 1 cm. latos semi-lunatos fimbriatos
expansus. Stamina in flore longistylo basim tubi corollini versus
supra ovarium inserta filamentis brevibus antheris circ. 2 mm.
longis connectivo fulvo. Ovarium globosum stylopodio punctu-
lato coronatum; stylus longus tenuis tubum corollinum aequans;
stigma discoideum lobulatum.

Species ex affinitate P. Reidii, Duthie foliis evillosis, bracteis

angustis, corollae lobis tenuioribus fimbriatis distinguenda.

“ Bhutan. Narim Thang Kurted. Alt. 14,000 ft. Flowers

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 167

white, reflexed corolla. Growing among peaty turf and glacial
debris by streams.”” R. E. Cooper. No. 4236. 31st July
IQI5.

The charming P. Reidii, Duthie is a plant of the N.W.
Himalaya, with, as far as we know, limited distribution there.
In P. eburnea, Balf. fil. et Cooper we have a similar plant from
the Eastern end of the Himalayas—no less charming. The
fact of distribution is most interesting. P. Reidii is the onl
West Himalayan species known of the Section Soldanelloides.
The other Indian species, P. sapphirina, Hook. fil., P. soldanel-
loides, Watt, P. Wattit, King, and P. uniflora, Klatt, are all
Sikkim plants ; and it is remarkable that from Bhutan we should
now get not merely one of the Soldanelloides—that we might
expect for the Section has several representatives further East
in China—but a form of the Section which one might be excused
for mistaking at first glance for P. Reidii itself. There are
no seeds on Mr. Cooper’s specimens, but one hopes there may
be some in the seed collection he has sent home. The plant
may contest with P. Reidii its place in our collections.
Mr. Cooper says nothing of mealiness in the flower, and I am
unable from the dried material to describe with certainty the
extent to which the flowers are meally, for in these Soldanelloid
forms the meal is easily removed in process of preservation.
Certain is it that glands which may be meal glands occur all
over the flower.

Primula Farreriana, Balf. fil. (Nivalis.)

Robusta farinosa epilosa rhizomate parvo floribus foliisque
coaetaneis. Folia spathulata longe petiolata ad 2.2 dm. longa
rosulata sub anthesi squamis alabastri haud cincta ; lamina ad
10 cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata oblongo-elliptica vel lanceolata vel
elliptica apice obtusa vel subacuta margine obtuse et irregu-
lariter denticulata denticulis hydathodo parvo terminatis basi
gradatim vel plus minusve abrupte in petiolum latum (ad 1.2
cm.) tenuiter membranaceum vaginantem plus minusve sub-
terraneum attenuata supra claro-viridis pilis brevibus albidis
conspersa (costa media lata plana) infra dense albo-farinosa
(costa media lata leviter prominula plus minusve excepta) venis
primariis plurimis pinnatim ascendentibus venulis ultimis pluri-
mis intricato-anastomosantibus. Scapus validus ad 24 cm.
altus praesertim apicem versus plus minusve albo-farinosus ~
umbellam 4-6-floram gerens; bracteae plus minusve albo-
farinosae circ. 1.5 cm. longae circ. 1 mm. latae lineares acutae
basi in vaginam latam haud gibbosam abrupte expansae ; pedi-
celli dense albo-farinosi validi bracteis paullo breviores vel
eas aequantes in anthopodium conspicuum gradatim expansi.

168 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Calyx circ. 1.2 cm. longus atropurpureus cylindricus extus
glandulis fariniferis puberulus farinaque alba conspersus fere
ad basim fissus lobis ad I cm. longis circ. 2.5 mm. latis elongato-
oblongis acutis hydathodo terminatis trinerviis intus dense
albo-farinosis. Corollae tubus atropurpureus cylindricus supra
stamina paullo ampliatus circ. 1.4 cm. longus in floribus hetero-
morphis ambobus extus glaber intus supra stamina granulosus
annulatus annulo atropurpureo conspicuo 5-lobato, limbi discus
circ. 2 mm, latus intus atropurpureus extus albidus plus minusve
farinosus, lobi pallidiores obcordati circ. 1 cm. longi et lati apice
emarginati in sinu mucronati. Stamina filamentis conspicuis
fere 1 mm. longis antheris magnis circ. 2.75 mm. longis in flore
brevistylo ad os tubi corollini antherarum apicibus annulum
attingentibus. in flore longistylo medium versus inserta calyce
multo breviora. Ovarium globosum; stylus brevis calyce
dimidio brevior, longus calycem subaequans ; stigma parvum
cylindricum

Species Sectionis Nivalis (sensu lato) ab omnibus foliorum
forma indumentoque recedens.

“ Kansu. Ta-Tung Alps. Dark cold and damp gullies or
tight cliff crevices in shade on calcareous or non-calcareous rock
from 12,000-15,000 ft. Very sweet.’’ Farrer and Purdom.
F, 560. Primula No. 29. June—July rors.

A beautiful species by which to commemorate the enterprise
and endeavour of its name-father. I could have wished that
the Primula so named had been other then one of the Nivalis
Section, the members of which have hitherto proved shy in
cultivation. It seems, however, that these Nivalis forms
probably want rich feeding. Dr. M‘Watt of Duns has had
great success with P. Parryi, Gray planted in a rose border,
and, following him, I have planted several of the section in like
quarters and so far with success in the way of foliage. Cer-
tainly if we can hit off the right method for growing P. Farrer-
tana, the plant will be a noble addition to our cultivated
Primulas.

Primula Gammieana, King, ex scheda in Herb. Calc.
(Sonchifolia ?)
Fr. obtusifolia, Royle var. Roylet, Hook. fil. in Flora Brit.
Ind. iii (1882), 489 (ex parte) ; Watt in Journ. Linn. Soc.
xx (1882), 8 (ex parte).
P. Griffith, Pax in Eng. Monogr. Primul. (1905), 118 (ex
parte).
Epilosa farinosa rhizomate parvo radicibus succulentis
fibrillis filiformibus copiose suffulto et ad collum squamis
paucis membranaceis elongatis primo foliorum petiolos vagina-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 169

tim circumvolutis mox marcidis praedito. Folia petiolata ad
14 cm. longa (sub fructu multo accrescentia) ; lamina membran-
acea oblonga vel elliptica ad 5 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata obtusa
laevis apice nunc rotundata margine regulariter denticulata
denticulis hydathodo, corneo terminatis deorsum in petiolum
alatum vaginantem duplo- vel triplo-longiorem attenuata
subtus vix pallidior utrinque glandulis fariniferis obtecta sed
plerumque in speciminibus siccis efarinosa et glandulis rubris
quasi punctiformibus notata costa media lata erubescente
utrinque elevata et venulis primariis impressis percursa. Scapus
ad 15 cm. longus (sub fructu multo elongatus) folia vix vel
paullo superans validus infra glaber superne luteo-farinosus
umbellam ad 1o-floram gerens; bracteae atropurpureae plus
minusve luteo-farinosae a basi lata lineari-subulatae ad I cm.
longae pedicellis breviores ; pedicelli filiformes flexiles patentes
vel subnutantes luteo-farinosi ad 1.3 cm. longi infra fructum
multo incrassati; anthopodium turbinatum conspicuum. Calyx
subpoculiformis crassus atropurpureus extus intusque plus
minusve luteo-farinosus ad 6 mm. longus circ. ad medium
fissus lobis elongato-triangularibus vel oblongis obtusis sub-
divergentibus ascendentibus nervis nigris sine hydathodo con-
spicuo copiosepercursis. Corollaecrassiusculae intense purpureae
-—tubus cylindrico-infundibularis fl. brevistyli circ. 1.2 cm,
longistyli circ. 1 cm. longus extus glaber supra stamina am-
pliatus annulo angusto purpureo instructus intus infra stamina
transverse rugosus faucem versus plus minusve puberulus, limbi
concavi discus 1-3 mm. latus puberulus, lobi plani lati ad 1.2
cm. lati et longi obovati vel rotundati emarginati vel retusi.
Stamina filamentis conspicuis purpureis circ. 0.5 mm. longis
basi latis lateraliter strumis corollinis quasi annulum formanti-
bus conjunctis antheris circ. 1.5 mm. longis connectivo pur-
pureo fl. longistyli fere ad medium tubi corollini vel infra inserta
antherarum apicibus ab annulo circ. 4 mm. remotis calycem
aequantibus, brevistyli prope os corollae inserta apicibus vix
exsertis. Ovarium obturbinatum apice conoideum; stylus
atropurpureus longus vix exsertus brevis calyce vix brevior ;
stigma capitatum lobatum. Capsula discoidea circ. 6-7 mm.
lata vertice convexa quoad dimidium inferius calyce aucto
lignoso-coriaceo cupuliformi lobis patentibus inclusa apicem
pedicelli conspicue incrassati stricti divaricati coronans irregu-
lariter operculatim dehiscens. Semina cuboidea brunnea
spongiosa areolata circ. 3.5 mm. diam. columnam placentalem
convexam validam lignoso-stipitatam insternentia et ab
gradatim cadentia.
Microforma P. Roylei, Balf. fil. et W. (W. Sm. foliorum
rosulis squamis longis membranaceis vaginantibus efarinosis

170 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

circumcinctis, lamina oblonga laevi, petiolo elongato lamina
multo longiore, fructu et seminibus majoribus recognoscenda.

Sikkim. Lachen, 11,000-15,000 ft. Hooker. Nos. ro and
15. June, July 1849. Fl. deep purple like Auricula. In Herb.
Calc. et Kew. Quite typical.

Nattong (Gnatong). King’s Collector. No. 4342. 12th July
1877. Flowers purple; No. 4363. 13th July 1877. Flowers
dark purple. In Herb. Calc.

Above Phemgaroo, 12,000 ft. Pantling. May 1885. Flowers
deep purple. King’s type. (Nos. 46,474, 46,519 in Herb.
Clarke.) In Herb. Calc. et Kew.

Hill behind Tangu bungalow, 15,200 ft. Younghusband.
5th July 1903. In Herb. Calc. et Kew.

Yatung. Hobson. 1897. In Herb. Kew.

Sir George King recognised this species, and gave it its name
on the sheets of the Calcutta Herbarium, but did not publish
a description. Sir George Watt cites * the name suggesting
the plant is no more than a variety of P. Kingz, Watt, but
additional knowledge does not support this view. P. Gammicana,
‘King is an Eastern Sikkim and Tibetan species having its
nearest alliance in P. Royle, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm., a Western
Sikkim'and Nepal plant. In its type-form marked by King
it is readily recognised by the long sheathing membranous
scales below the leaf-rosette, by the long petioles bearing many
elliptic blades, by the stout pedicels thickening much below the
calyx in fruit, by the woody stipe of the placenta, and by the
large seeds. In all these characters it differs from P. Roylet.
Hooker’s Lachen plants Nos. ro and 15 are also very typical—
very different from P. Griffithii, Watt, with which Pax joins
them. P. Gammieana, like P. Roylet, is a purple-flowered
species formerly referred to P. obtusifolia, Royle, which: is,
however, a N.W. Himalayan plant of the Nivalis Section,
whilst P. Gammieana and its ally P. Roylei have characters
of the Sonchifolia and Petiolaris groups. So far as I know, it
has not come into cultivation. Only a few undoubted specimens
of P. Gammieana in herbaria are cited here. But in the
Calcutta and other herbaria are many specimens resembling
it, which must be dealt with at another time. Particular
attention may be directed to specimens from Eumtso La
and Zemu. Dried material is not very satisfactory for
the diagnosis of many of these nearly related forms, and
the limits amongst the forms with which P. Gammieana is
connected can only be determined by careful study of living
plants—on the field if possible. Indian botanists in West
Sikkim may find it worth while to take up the investigation.

* Watt, On Indian Primulas in Journ. R.H.S., xxix (1904), 300, 314, 319.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 171

\J00 Primula helodoxa, Balf. fil. (Candelabra.)

Epilosa efarinosa inflorescentia calyceque exceptis. Folia
varia nunc rosulata subpatula cinerea opaca circa I0-I2 cm.
longa 2-3 cm. lata oblanceolata vel oblongo-obovata vel lanceo-
lata denticulata obtusa in petiolum alatum vaginantem lamina
dimidio breviorem attenuata costa media lata albida vel erube-
scente venulisque primariis fere transverse patulis non prominulis
percursa, nunc erecta viridia ad 35 cm. longa 7 cm. lata tenuia
oblanceolata vel obovato-lanceolata apice rotundata in triente
supremo denticulata caeteroquin integra deorsum gradatim
attenuata petiolum alatum longum vaginantem formantia costa
media albida latissima venisque primariis acute ascendentibus
haud prominulis percursa. Scapus ad 6 dm. altus vel altior
robustus umbellam terminalem et verticillos 4—5 inter se remotos
plurifloros (ad 20) gerens ad nodos aureo-farinosus; bracteae
variae nunc ad 7 mm. longae anguste lanceolatae acuminatae
basi subconnatae pedicellis dimidio breviores nunc longissimae
pedicellis vel etiam floribus longiores basi cucullatim vaginantes
superne loriformes subfoliaceae margine plus minusve crenato-
undulatae semper plus minusve aureo-farinosae ; pedicelli ad
3.5 cm. longi graciles stricti patentes sub fructu erecti plus
minusve aureo-farinosi; anthopodium obconicum distinctum,
Calyx parvus 3-5 mm. longus poculiformis extus densissime
aureo-farinosus costis 5 striatus intus efarinosus breviter (vix ad
trientem) fissus lobis subpatentibus triangularibus acutis minu-
tissime membranaceo-fimbriatis hydathodo corneo terminatis.
Corollae aureae tubus ad 1.4 cm. longus membranaceus annulatus
lobis annuli inaequalibus intus leviter transverse rugosus, limbus
granulosus, lobi ad 8 mm. longi ad 6 mm. lati obovati integri
leviter retuso-truncati. Antherae floris brevistyli ex ore tubi
corollini vix exsertae, stamina longistyli fere ad basim inserta
annulum interstaminalem incdnspicuum formantia antherarum
apicibus 8 mm. ab annulo remotis. Ovarium globosum ; stylus
brevis calycem paullo superans, longus ad annulum attingens
vel subexsertus. Capsula globosa calycis lobis adpressis inclusa
stylopodio incrassato 5-areolato margine crenato coronata
primo circumscissim dein valvis 5 dehiscens. Semina nigro-
brunnea irregulariter angulata scrobiculata.

Species P. Smithianae, Craib himalayensi orientali affinis
sed robustior. ;

“Yunnan. Hills west of Tengyueh. Alt. 5600-6000 ft.
Lat. 25° N. Plant of 1-2} ft. Flowers bright golden-yellow,
fragrant. Marshy meadows.” G. Forrest. No. 7561. May

. 1912. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. G. Forrest. No.9802. March 1913. Im Herb.

Edin.

172 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

“Yunnan. Hills N.W. of Tengyueh. Alt. 6000 ft. Lat.
25° to’ N,” G. Forrest. No. 11,904. April 1913. In Herb.

n.

“Upper Burma. Feng-shui-ling Pass. 8000 ft. On open
or shady banks by streams, or in marshes, on fallen tree trunks,
etc. 5th June 1914. Flowers sulphur-yellow, pendent. At-
tains a height of 14-2} ft. Flowers May and June.” F. K.
Ward. No. 1635. In Herb. Edin.

This grand species is now in cultivation through seeds sent
by George Forrest to Mr. J. C. Williams of Caerhays Castle.
Seedlings have been raised in abundance. It closely resembles
the East Himalayan P. Smithiana, Craib, which is altogether a
smaller plant ; but the two plants will, I think, when we know
more of them, prove to be geographical microforms of one
aggregate.

Type specimens sent by Forrest show that the plant is variable
both in foliage and in the bracts. The most of the plants under
number 7561 have the smaller rosulate leaves described above,
and also the small bracts much shorter than the flower pedicels.
The later specimens under Nos. 9802 and 11,904 have most
of them the longer leaves and the longer bracts far exceeding
the pedicels, and becoming more or less foliaceous. Could one
have correlated without question the leaf and bract form there
might have been grounds for making a distinction between the
two forms, but I do not find there is a constant association of
short rosulate leaves with short bracts and long leaves with
large foliaceous bracts, or the opposite. - The former holds
more frequently than does the latter. In the flowers I have
discovered no constant difference between the two forms, al-
though there are observable minor distinctions of size and relative
length of parts. Upon the evidence before me I must unite all
the plants under one specific name without making distinction
of a variety, leaving the question of possible segregation for de-
cision after more specimens have been obtained and the plants
have been in cultivation.

That the plant will be an acquisition to our gardens one feels
assured from the specimens Forrest has sent home. One speci-
men is remarkable because it shows what I have not seen in any
other Candelabra Primula—a compound umbel of flowers ending
the scape and umbels and compound umbels upon the lateral
branches of the lower whorls of the inflorescence. A plant which
‘sports ” in this fashion in nature, and with the bracteal varia- —
tions I have described above, may be expected to show as great
or greater variation under cultivation leading it along desired
lines. It flowered in cultivation with Mr. Williams of Caerhays
Castle in 1915, and also at Edinburgh.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. | 173

~ Primula hylophila, Balf. fil. et Farrer. (Davidi.)

Perennis rhizomate brevi radicibus tenuibus multi-ramosis ;
rosula foliorum sub anthesi squamis paleaceis pallide stramineis
explanatis cincta. Folia petiolata ad g cm. longa; lamina
membranacea ad 7 cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica apice rotundata margine eroso-denticulata denticulis
hydathodo corneo apiculatis utrinque glandulis copiose notata
et sparsim pulverulenta subtus pallidior subnitida deorsum plus
minusve abrupte in petiolum brevem ad 2 cm. longum vix vagi-
nantem attenuata. Scapus brevis tenuis ad 6 cm. longus cum
bracteis pedicellisque sparsim glandulis globosis pulverulentus
umbellam ad 8-floram gerens sub fructu accrescens ; bracteae
virides ad 7 mm. longae a basi lata egibbosa acuminatae ; pedi-
celli ad 1.5 cm. longi stricti divaricati ; anthopodium obconoi-
deum conspicuum. Flos haud fragrans. Calyx poculiformis
ad 8 mm. longus extus sparsim pulverulentus ultra medium
fissus tubo flavido-viridi ad apicem constricto lobis latis im-
bricatis subpatentibus ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis subacuminatis
nonnunquam denticulatis margine minute ciliatis laete viridibus
extus intusque sparsim pulverulentis. Corollae lilacino-roseae
tubus pallidior membranaceus in flore longistylo circ. I cm.
longus infra stamina cylindricus supra ampliatus extus glaber
intus erugosus puberulus annulatus annulo to-lobato lobis
majoribus 5 antipetalis minoribus interpetalis, limbi plani discus
circ. 1 mm. latus minute puberulus, lobi magni ad 1 cm. longi
ad 8 mm. lati obcordati apice anguste bifidi segmentis rotundatis
nonnunquam fimbriatis. Stamina filamentis minutissimis an-
theris latis circ. 2 mm. longis exapiculatis in flore longistylo
paulo infra medium tubi corollini inserta calyceque breviora.
Ovarium subdiscoideum; stylus longus stigmate obovoideo
lobulato exserto. Capsula ad apicem pedicelli claviformis in-
crassati (Farrer) discoidea calycis’ tubo (segmentis auctis cras-
siusculis radiatim patentibus) inclusa operculatim dehiscens ;
placenta pulvinato-discoidea seminibus ex toto obtecta.

Species Sectionis Davidi bene distincta.

‘“Kansu. Very abundant in all the alpine forests in rich loam
and on rotten trunks not in denseshade. FromChago to Thunder-
crown above Siku. A most lovely plant. Query section Davidi ?
7000-9000 ft. Early April-May.” Farrer and Purdom. F. 38.
P. No. 1. In Herb. Edin.

Of this species Mr. Farrer writes :—‘‘ Primula No. t. Clump
perfectly powderless and glabrous, presenting an astonishing
general resemblance to that of P. vulgaris in precisely the same
situations, by woodland path-sides and in the lighter woodland
glades. Leaves about 2}-3$ inches long, oval obovate, drawing
down to a + short petiole, conspicuously midribbed and veined

174 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

beneath, crinkled and lettuce-like in texture, deeply and sharply
erose-dentate, clothed on the upper surface in a very minute
and dense coating of glands, microscopically velvety on inspec-
tion. Scape + = the leaves, stout, lengthening and stoutening
in fruit; bracts very narrow and acute, about 6 mm. long.
Pedicels erect and graceful, about ? of an inch, stiffening but
not lengthening in fruit, and thickening into a straight, fat
trumpet in a way suggestive of the Davidi group. Flowers
from 2-8 in a wide lax umbel; calyx-lobes not = 4 the calyx,
broadly oval-pointed, sometimes faintly cut into two or three
teeth, at first standing only slightly away from the tube, but
then widely apart, enlarging, broadening, and thickening re-
markably in fruit—as in And. maxima. Corolla-tube white and
straight, about twice the length of the calyx, widening suddenly
at the throat, with a slight constriction above in the mouth,
where, at the base of each lobe, it ends in a bilobed white ray,
with a greenish tinge below. Flowers 3 inch or more, flat:
lobes + broadly heart-shaped, lilac-rose, emarginate, scentless.
Capsule a flattened orb, from which stand out and above
the fattened calyx lobes: seed borne on a_ cushion-
disk (?).”’

“General in the situations indicated, light woodland, cool
gorges, etc., in the forest zone of the Siku district, Siku, Satanee,
Chago, Ga-hoba. Sometimes in limestone loose silt in deep
cafions : very prolific on rotten fallen tree-trunks, 7000—g000 ft.,
flowering in April and May.”

The plant is, as Mr. Farrer suggests, one of the Davidi
Section. We know little of this section. It includes some
beautiful species, and none are now in cultivation. A plant
was obtained by Veitch about 1906 from seed collected by
Wilson, and was introduced as P. ovalifolia, Franch., one
of this section. It was figured in the Gardeners’ Chronicle.
It died out in cultivation. I am not at all sure that Veitch’s
plant was true P. ovalifolia, Franch. More than one plant
_ appears under the name in herbaria, as happens also in the
case of P. Davidi, Franch. I hope ere long to be able to
study the species of the alliance more fully. Meanwhile I may
recall that neither P. Davidi nor P. ovalifolia has near
relationship with the suffruticose species P. bracteata, Franch.,
P. bullata, Franch., and P. Henrici, Franch., with which Pax
unites them in his section Bullatae.* The Section Davidi in
which I place them has close connection with Sections Petiolaris
and Sonchifolia—the three showing a characteristic enlargement
of the scape and pedicels in fruit ripening, and for the fruit itself

See Primulas of the Bullate Section in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xxvi (1912-13),
188.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 175

a discoid operculate capsule occupied by a broad convex placenta
upon which the seeds lie.

’ Primula ianthina, Balf. fil. et Cave. (Candelabra.)

Elata epilosa inflorescentia calyceque sulphureo-farinosis
Folia ad 25 cm. longa ad 5 cm. lata oblonga oblanceolata apice
rotundata margine venarum hydathodis denticulata deorsum in
petiolum alatum loriformem vaginantem sensim attenuata ut-
rinque glanduloso-foveolata subtus pallidiora et secretione flava
glandulosa plus minusve incrustata. Scapus ad 60 cm. altus
robustus ad nodos sulphureo-farinosus umbellam plurifloram et
I-2 verticillos inferos gerens; bracteae ad 7 cm. longae sub
fructu auctae, a basi lata anguste lanceolatae acuminatae sul-
phureo-farinosae ; pedicelli ad 1.2 cm. longi sub fructu aucti
stricti plus minusve sulphureo-farinosi; anthopodium turbina-
tum conspicuum. Calyx cupulari-campanulatus 5-costatus ad
5 cm. longus extus dense sulphureo-farinosus intus tubo efarinoso
lobisque sparsim farinosis ad medium fissus lobis triangulari-
deltoideis acuminatis hydathodo corneo terminatis costa media
prominula. Corollae violaceae in flore longistylo tubus I cm.
longus a staminum insertione infundibuliformis extus glaber
intus annulatus fauce puberulus, limbi discus 2.mm. latus
puberulus, lobi obcordati vel rotundati ad 1 cm. diam. emargin-
ati nunc mucronati. Stamina in flore longistylo basim tubi
corollini versus supra ovarium inserta, filamentis conspicuis
deorsum in annulum lobatum interstaminalem expansis, antheris
ovoideis calyce inclusis. Ovarium globosum; stylus longus
exsertus ; stigma discoideum. Capsula ovoideo-globosa efari-
nosa brunnea stylopodio incrassato valvatim sectili et lobulato
coronata. Semina (? matura) nigricantia

P. Smithianae, Craib verosimilis floribus violaceis differt.

Sikkim. Sandakphu. 11,500 ft. Cave. 29th July rogr4.
In Herb. Edin.

An interesting plant which we know only in a single speci-
men collected by Mr. Cave. It is the only violet-flowered
Candelabra Primula as yet found in Sikkim, and is quite unlike
any of the other violet or purple-flowered species.

In the Calcutta Herbarium are three sheets of a Primula in
fruit, with the label:—‘‘ Primula prolifera, Wall. Sikkim.
Bhik Bhanjan. Alt. 10,000 ft. Seed Collectors. No. 11,951.
Oct. 1898.’’ These are not Wallich’s plant. They have
abundance of yellow meal upon the fruiting calyx, and in this
resemble the Sikkim P. Smithiana, Craib and P. ianthina.
There are no flowers. The fruit characters are not those
of P. Smithiana, but those of P. ianthina, and the foliage
is also that of the latter species, and Bhik Bhanjan

176 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

being on the west side of Sikkim, as is Sandakphu, I have
little hesitation in identifying the specimens from the two
localities as of the same species P. tanthina. I hope collectors
will look for the plant, which ought to have some merit as a
cultivated form.

Primula khasiana, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Candelabra.)
Efarinosa epilosa foliis plurimis rosulatis. Folia ad 25
longa ad 3 cm. lata lanceolata acuta margine leviter deritioubytis
deorsum in petiolum late alatum vaginantem a lamina vix dis-
tinctum paullo attenuata utrinque saccis tanniniferis in siccitate
brunneo-punctata venis’ primariis e costa media plus minusve
acute adscendentibus. Scapus elatus robustus umbellam pluri-
floram terminalem et verticillos inferos 1-2 gerens; bracteae
longissimae pedicellis et floribus longiores angustae loriformes
submembranaceae saepe undulatae vel crenatae et ad apicem
subfoliatim expansae ; pedicelli capilliformes erecti ad 1.5 cm.
longi; anthopodium turbinatum. Calyx tubuloso-campanu-
latus ad 6 mm. longus vix ad medium fissus lobis lanceolato-
acuminatis hydathodo corneo terminatis. Corollae tubus sub-
ventricosus ore constricto ad I cm. longus intus prominenter
transverse rugosus et puberulus annulatus | Iomagnis
per paria antipetalis, limbi patuli discus 1.5 mm. latus puberulus,
lobi obovati lati bilobulati. Stamina in flore longistylo supra
basim tubi corollini 2 mm. inserta filamentis deorsum expansis
annulum interstaminalem formantibus, in brevistylo supra
medium tubi corollini inserta filamentis longis quam antherae
dimidio brevioribus, antheris annulum fere attingentibus, annulo
interstaminali deficiente. Ovarium globosum; stylus brevis
calyce brevior, longus fere tubum corollae aequans; stigma

oblongum

AP. prolifera, Wall. ee Lac et venatione, bracteis
longissimis, calyce corollaque majo tione recedit.

Khasia. S.C. 1850. In Herb. Cale.

Khasia Hills. Native collectors of Bot. Garden, Calcutta.
In Herb. Edin. et Herb. Calc

This is a second Candelabra Primula from Khasia. It has
been confused with P. prolifera, Wall. Sir George King
has evidently suspected this identification of the specimen
in the Calcutta Herbarium, and has written, ‘“‘ The flower of
P. prolifera is yellow; these appear to have been purple.”
Were this so, we should have an easily observed diagnostic.
mark, but yellow-flowered Himalayan Primulas in several
cases lose altogether the yellow tint when dried—P. prolifera
is a case in point—and it would be rash to assume purple
for the flower colour of P. khasiana. Other distinctive marks

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 177

there are in the foliage and in the inflorescence and flower, and
the specific name is justified.

In the first place, it is a much more foliaged plant than is
P. prolifera. Its rosette has a dozen and more of leaves. No
specimen of P. prolifera shows more than five leaves. In the
form of leaf and in the venation P. khasiana is very different
from P. prolifera. The leaves are fairly typically lanceolate,
tapering to a point, and downwards are narrowed but slightly
into a broad hardly distinct petiole, whereas in P. prolifera
they are oblanceolate or obovate spathulate, have a rounded apex,
and conspicuously taper downwards into a narrowly winged long
petiole. The primary veins which in P. prolifera come off from
the midrib at about a right angle, and spread patulously out-
wards, in P. khasiana diverge from the midrib ascendingly
forming an acute angle with it. The bracts are distinctive.
In P. prolifera they are linear-lanceolate barely half the length
of the pedicels; here in P. khastana they exceed the pedicel and
flower together, and moreover are strap-shaped often foliaceous
with margins undulate. Wallich had seen a plant showing this
character of the bracts in the lowermost whorl of flowers, and
he regarded it as a deformed state of the ordinary bract condition .
in P. prolifera. But the plants we have in which it appears have
all the other characters to which I am referring separating them
from P. prolifera, and in no preserved specimen of true P. pro-
lifera do I see an indication of the character. The flowers
themselves are altogether much larger than in P. prolifera, the
calyx at least a third larger and with longer lobes, the whole
quite half the length of the wide corolla tube. In P. prolifera
the calyx is about one-third of the length of the narrower
corolla tube. The annulus in P. khasiana is much larger than
in P. prolifera, and the inside of the tube is conspicuously rugose
and puberulous, characters not seen in the flowers of P. prolifera
which have been examined. The stamens of the long-styled
flower in P. khasiana are inserted higher up the corolla tube
than in P. prolifera, and their interposed annulus is also much
larger. In the short-styled flower the stamens are nearer the
mouth of the corolla in P. khasiana than in P. prolifera. The
short style is longer in P. khasiana.

Taking all these characters, the specimens available in-
dicate a form in P. khasiana distinct from P. prolifera—
to what degree further investigation must decide. It is to
be hoped that exploring collectors will soon obtain material
sufficient to enable us to decide. Let me here say for the
benefit of collectors that they should bear in mind Sir George
King’s suggestion that the flower colour may not be yellow as
it is in P. prolifera. a7]

C

178 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

>. Primula lacteocapitata, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Sphaero-
cephala.)

Planta rosulata farinosa epilosa rosula dense multifoliata
foliis erectis rhizomate crasso brevi subgloboso reliquiis foliorum
pristinorum coronato radices plurimas emittente. Folia
petiolata sub anthesi ad I2 cm. longa deinde ache
lamina circ. 9 cm. longa a petiolo vix distincta circ. 1.5 ¢
lata anguste oblanceolata apice acuta nunc apiculata ae
undulata recurvata dentibus angustis subaequalibus triangulari-
bus hydathodo conspicuo terminatis irregulariter denticulata
basi in petiolum sensim longe attenuata supra viridis opaca
(costa. media pallidiore subsulcata lateribus subrugulosis)
glandulis stipitatis fariniferis conspersa et plus minusve farinosa,
subtus dense eburneo-farinosa costa media elevata plus minusve
excepta inter venulas acute adscendentes elevatas excavata
subfavosa ; petiolus circ. 3 cm. longus anguste alatus farinosus
basi expansus laete ruber. Scapus circ. 30 cm. altus erectus
rigidus eburneo-farinosus umbellam capitatam globosam multi-
floram floribus plus minusve deflexis gerens; bracteae intense
farinosae basales triangulares vel acuminatae vel late oblongae
obtusae vel subquadratae apice irregulariter denticulatae circ.
5 mm. longae ad 3 mm. latae auriculatae superiores ovatae vel
subligulatae ; pedicelli brevissimi vix 0.5 mm. longi. Calyx
circ..6 mm. longus intense farinosus subcampanulatus ad medium
fissus lobis subaequalibus ovatis acutis vel obtusis integris vel
denticulatis. Corolla dense farinosa tubulosa, tubus crassus
extus erubescens striatus in flore longistylo circ. I cm. longus
supra stamina abrupte ampliatus intus transverse rugosus ad
faucem purpureo-annulatus lobulis 10 subaequalibus, limbi con-
cavi erecti discus circ. I mm. latus, lobiatropurpurei subquadrati
circ. 4 mm. longi emarginati. Stamina in flore longistylo
supra calycem et medium tubi corollini inserta filamentis
conspicuis atropurpureis antheris purpureis apicibus circ. I mm.
ab annulo remotis. Ovarium magnum globosum; stylus
longus tubum corollae aequans ; stigma magnum discoideum
recurvatum.

Microforma bene distincta P. capitatae, Hook. foliis rubro-

eburneo-farinosis supra farina conspersis, umbella
globosa, corolla minore facile dignoscenda.

East Himalaya. Below Mome Samdong, 13,000 ft.; on
screes, leaves mealy below. R. E. Cooper. No. 428. 2nd Aug.
1913. In Herb. Edin.

East Himalaya. Near Lachen, Sikkim. 8800 ft. R. E.
Cooper. No. 438. 8th Aug. 1913. In Herb. Edin.

P. lacteocapiiata is one of several forms which have hitherto
been confused with P. capitata, Hook. This is not surprising, ©

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 179

for the dried material which botanists have had for study has
not been ample, is unless exceptionally well preserved difficult to
analyse, and indeed in the drying process loses certain distinctive
characters. The plant has been in cultivation at Edinburgh for
several years, raised from seed presented by the Calcutta Garden
under the name P. capitata. It has flowered recently and the
living plants have furnished the evidence which makes clear
its distinctness from P. capitata. The vegetative parts furnish
a distinguishing mark in the bright red sheath at the base of
the leaves and in the creamy farina on the under side of the
leaf, The upper surface too never is densely farinose, only
slightly sprinkled with meal. The inflorescence is much smaller,
quite globose, and the flowers have a much smaller corolla.
Protected from winter damp the plant thrives from year to year,
but is apt to die off during the winter if exposed to wet. It is an
interesting member of the series of forms that range around
P. capitata. Only two sets of collectors’ specimens are cited
above. Of their identity there is certainty. But doubtless many
specimens from Sikkim now in herbaria under the name of
P. capitata are this plant.

Primula Littledalei, Balf. fil. et Watt. (Rotundifolia.)
Planta habitu Potentillae pulvinatim caespitosa rhizomate
crasso elongato radices rubicundas plurimas emittente foliorum
scaporumque vestigiis siccis intertextis obtecto petiolis ligulatis
in siccitate inter se contortis et circum scapos strictos plus
minusve volutis. Gemmae squamis persistentibus elongato-acu-
minatis farinosis praeditae. Folia plurima longe petiolata ad
8 cm. longa sub fructu ad 12 cm. aucta ; lamina subcarnosula
rotundato-cordata plus minusve cucullata circ. 3 cm. diam.
dentibus marginalibus triangularibus subaequalibus acutis
hydathodo terminatis notata lobis basalibus rotundatis vel
subtruncatis integris sinu aperto vel subclauso supra laete
viridis puberula glandulis subviscidis conspersa subtus glandulis
fariniferis dense vestita; petiolus tenuis circ. 5 cm. longus
sub fructu longior complanatus subcanaliculatus farinosus
deinde glaber erubescens angustissime alatus in vaginam tandem
fuscam persistentem expansus. Scapus foliis immersus circ.
5 cm. longus sub fructu longior farinosus umbellam ad 8-floram
gerens ; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae acuminatae farinosae basi
leviter pulvinatim incrassatae costa singula conspicua ; pedicelli
filiformes farinosi vix I cm. longi sub fructu aucti ; anthopodium
turbinatum parvum. Calyx subcampanulatus circ. 6 mm.
longus farinosus ultra medium fissus lobis anguste ligulatis
acutiusculis vel obtusis vix 1.5 mm. latis margine ciliolatis.
Corollae flavae tubus in flore brevistylo cylindricus supra stamina

180 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

paulo ampliatus circ. 1.6 cm. longus extus plus minusve farinosus
intus glaber annulo 5-lobato, limbi plani dis¢us circ. I mm. latus,
lobi aperti anguste obovati circ. 8 mm. longi plus minusve
crenulati. Stamina supra medium tubi corollini inserta anther-
arum apicibus inclusis ab annulo 3 mm. remotis filamentis
conspicuis circ. 0.5 mm. longis antheris angustis circ. 2 mm.
longis apiculatis. Ovarium oblongum; stylus brevis calyce
triente brevior ; stigma minutum capitatum. Capsula crustacea
ovoidea circ. 6 mm. longa calyce inclusa et brevior spadiceo-
brunnea extus intusque farinosa ab apice valvis 5 reflexis de-
hiscens ; placenta ovoidea circ. 4 mm. longa sessilis. Semina
oblonga subcomplanata spadicea circ. r mm. longa testa grosse
vesiculosa.

Species ex affinitate P. votundifoliae, Wall. habitu Potentillae,
corollae flavae tubo angustiore multo longiore, capsula quam calyx
breviore diversa ; a P. cana, Balf. fil. et Cave foliis basi cordatis
recognoscenda.

Central Tibet. Chiefly from Gooring Valley. Lat. 30° 12’ N.,
long. go° 25’ E., at about 16,500 ft. Coll. St. George R. Little-
dale. July and August 1896. In Herb. Kew et Calc.

Tibet. Lhasa. Coll. Capt. H. J. Walton, I.M.S. rgo04.
Herb. Watt. —

A remarkable species of the series of which the longest known
species is the Nepalese P. rotundifolia, Wall. Sir George Watt
first recognised the distinctness of the plant, marking as a new
species in his herbarium a specimen collected at Lhasa by Capt.
Walton when serving with the Tibet Boundary Commission in
1g04. This plant has flower. Sir George Watt says: “cf.
P. rotundifolia, Wall., but flowers yellow and petals contracted
into a claw. Prof. Lipsky has shown me a good specimen in
flower collected in Central Tibet, and in Kew Herbarium there is
a sheet collected by Mr. St. G. Littledale also in C. Tibet.” I
have seen Mr. Littledale’s specimen in the Kew Herbarium and
also one of his collecting in.the Calcutta Herbarium. The only
flowers I have seen are on Capt. Walton’s plants. Sir George
Watt did not name the plant. The Kew specimen has a MS.
name attached to it by Prof. Lipsky in 1905, whether before or
after Sir George Watt’s diagnosis I do not know, but the name
has not been published, and with Sir George Watt I give the
mame above.

The plant shows conspicuously the multicipital habit of so
many of its allies, with the dry mass of withered leaves and
scapes underlying the living. In this perhaps more than in
any other series of suffruticose Primulas the “dry” method
of rotting of old members is marked by curious curvature
and contortion of the petioles in contrast with the stiff

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. r8r

erect scapes. The old petioles might be readily mistaken
for tendrils.

As a species in its series, the yellow colour of the flowers to
which Sir George Watt alludes is in the state of our present
knowledge diagnostic. The short fruits tell the species at once
from P. rotundifolia and P. cana, Balf. fil. et Cave.

Uo Primula mallophylla, Balf. fil. (Candelabra.)

Glabra efarinosa. Folia 12-18 cm. longa 4-6.5 cm. lata;
lamina oblonga vel oblongo-obovata apice rotundata vel obtusa
margine argute denticulata vel erosa basi in petiolum brevem
alatum basi vaginantem attenuata costa media lata prominente
rubra. Scapus robustus ad 30 cm. altus superne subtiliter pub-
escens umbellam terminalem et verticillos 2-3 multifloros (ad 15)
gerens ; bracteae longissimae 2.5—3 cm. longae pedicellos caly-
cemque superantes exteriores foliaceae petiolatae lamina oblongo-
elliptica inciso-dentata 1 cm. longa 7 mm. lata petioloque anguste
alato, interiores lineares vix dentatae, omnes brunneo-lineatae
late insertae saepe pedicellis basi concrescentes ; pedicelli circ.
1.2 cm. longi anthopodio conspicuo. Calycis cupulari-tubulosi
I-1.4 cm. longi tubus inter segmenta pallidus, lobi g-10 mm.
longi anguste lanceolati saepe denticulati brunneo-venulosi et
ad basim subgibbosi brunneo-striati apice hydathodo tuberculari
terminati. Corollae lilacinae in floribus longistylis tubus mem-
branaceus circ. 1.3 cm. longus calyce inclusus ruber intus supra
stamina sparsissime puberulus annulatus annulo aequaliter
lobato, limbi discus puberulus, lobi obovati g mm. longi retusi
sinu mucronulato margine crenulato-erosi. Antherae apici-
bus ab annulo circ. 3 mm. remotis. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus
longus exsertus; stigma globosum. Capsula 6 mm. longa
ovoidea calyce semi-inclusa stylopodio lobulato inconspicuo
coronata primo circumscissim dehiscens postea irregulariter
fissa. Semina nigra subcubicalia circ. 1 mm. diam. foveolata.

Ab omnibus speciebus purpureis Sectionis Spares
bracteis et calycis segmentis longissimis dignoscen

Eastern Szechwan. District of Nictetetedstin: Farges.
No. 1181. In Herb. Kew, Edin., and Bonati.

A distinct and easily recognised species hitherto confused
with P. japonica, A. Gray. In foliage the plant has the facies
of other members of the Candelabra Section, with venulose
leaves, most nearly those of P. japonica. From the few
specimens I have seen I think it is likely that the plant has in
general broader leaves than other species. Perhaps its nearest
ally is P. stenodonta, Balf. fil. Its distinctive characters lie in
the bracts and the calyx. The former are very long, reaching
in the case of each flower beyond the calyx, and at its end each

ihe

182 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

bract—the outer ones particularly—expands more or less into

_ an incised green laminar portion. Then the calyx is cut deeply

2)
?

to far below the middle, the segments—long linear-lanceolate—
are adpressed to the red corolla tube which they exceed in length
and each of them ends in a rounded hydathodal knob.

I have described the plant from two sets of specimens distri-
buted from the Paris Herbarium under the number 1181 of
Farges’ collecting. One of these sets in the herbarium of Kew
and also of Edinburgh is named P. japonica, A. Gray ; the other,
in the herbarium of Kew and also of M. Gustav Bonati of Lure,
is named P. angustidens, Pax. Under P. stenodonta, Balf. fil.
I shall explain the constitution of P. angustidens, and need say
no more here. From P. japonica the characters of the bracts
and of the calyx of P. mallophylla are decisively diagnostic.
The calyx character is one indeed that separates it from all
others in the Candelabra Section. The calyx segments are
either shorter than, or barely equal to, the calyx tube in these ;
in P. mallophylla they are twice as long. Long bracts occur in
the yellow-flowered P. imperialis, Jungh. and P. Bulleyana,
G. Forrest ; but in neither of these are they so long relatively
to the whole flower as in P. mallophylia, nor have they the
laminar expansion at the end of the bract. DP. chrysochlora,
Balf. fil. et Ward, P. helodoxa, Balf. fil. et Forrest, and P.
prolifera, Wall. have long bracts, to which reference is made
under these species. The species stands apart by itself in the
section in which there is no doubt it is rightly placed.

e appearance of the plant in herbarium specimens seems
to indicate that it is a desirable species for our gardens.

Primula Menziesiana,* Balf. fil. et W.W.Sm. (Muscarioides.)
Rosulata glanduloso-pubescens efarinosa floribus exceptis.
Folia patentia ad 3.5 cm. longa petiolata ; lamina circ. 2 cm
longa 1.3 cm. lata elliptica circumcirca pilis longis simplicibus
glandulosis cincta apice rotundata margine regulariter crenata
(cum denticulis paucis hydathodo. conspicuo terminatis) basi
in petiolum ad 1.5 cm. longum paullo alatum glanduloso-pilosum
infra subexpansum vix vaginatum abrupte contracta utrinque
laete viridis glanduloso-pubescens costa media et venis ._primariis
paucis utrinsecus circ. 6 pinnatim patulis supra sulcatis subtus
elevatis subrugulosa. Scapus ad 8 cm. longus viridis glanduloso-
pubescens capitulum florum radiatim patentium subdeflexorum
gerens ; bracteae externae virides deflexae ligulatae calycem
aequantes margine lacteo-farinosae internae erectae haud
* The specific name is given to keep in memory Private Alan Menzies, 5th

tt. Cameron Highlanders, a young gardener of the staff of the Royal Botanic
eck Edinburgh, who fell in action at Loos on 25th September 1915.

yu

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 183

deflexae. Calyx foliaceus obliquus poculiformis pallide viridis
sepalo posteriore saepe pallide purpurascente subventricosus circ.
5 mm. longus extus glaber intus lacteo-farinosus ultra medium
fissus lobis inaequalibus posteriore quadrato circ. 3 mm. longo et
lato apice truncato vel concavo sub-eroso margine ciliatim farin-
oso antero-lateralibus oblongis vel sublanceolatis angustis circ,
I mm. latis obtusis margine ciliatim lacteo-farinosis. Corollae
in flore brevistylo tubus infra cylindricus circ. 8 mm. longus
albido-lilacinus extus glaber supra stamina ampliatus et pullo-
violaceus intus rugosus albidus exannulatus, limbi concavi
anguste pullo-violacei discus glaber circ. 2 mm. latus strumis
interpetalinis albidis oculatus, lobi erecti circ. 2 mm. longi 4 mm.
lati obovati bifidisegmentis obtusis. Stamina in flore brevistylo
infra os corollinum inserta filamentis albidis conspicuis antheris
semiexsertis connectivo erubescente. Ovarium discoideum viride
depressum ; stylus brevis pallide viridis calyce longior ; stigma
discoideum depressum lacteum.

Species P. bellidifoliae, King proxima sectionis Muscarioidis
foliis minoribus lamina elliptica basi subito angustata subru-
gulosa, scapo glanduloso-pubescente, corolla quam calyx vix
triplo longiore lobis bifidis, antheris in flore brevistylo semiex-
sertis recedens.

Bhutan. In sandy crevices and rocky ledges, preferring
shaded N.-facing situations at elevations 13,000-15,000 ft.
Flowers deep blue. Head 1 inch in diameter. Cooper. No,
5A79- 3 OT4:

A charming little plant now in cultivation, discovered in
Bhutan by Mr. Roland E. Cooper, collector for Bees, Ltd. Its
nearest ally is P. bellidifolia, King, hitherto the only Himalayan
species known of the Muscarioid Section. Cooper’s discovery
is therefore a link in the chain, which will doubtless in time be
completed, uniting the Himalayan with the Western Chinese
areas—in the latter we know of nine species—of distribution
of the section. P. Menziestana as a cultivated species has
the merits and demerits of its section. Its soft hairy leaves
suggest sensitiveness to our winter.damp. Its flowers are
amongst the brightest in the section. They are shorter and
broader than in P. bellidifolia and radiate from the head
more horizontally than is usual in the section, save in forms of
P. nutans, Franch. The uppermost calyx lobes are daintily
picked out at margin with yellow meal. The corolla limb is much
larger than in P. bellidifolia, and the lobes are distinctly bifid. ~

Primula Mooreana, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Sphaerocephala.)
Albo-farinosa epilosa rhizomate parvo foliis plurimis rosulatis
floribusque coaetaneis. Folia membranacea ad 15 cm. longa ;

184 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

lamina ad 4 cm. lata oblongo-obovata vel oblanceolata deorsum
in petiolum viridem vix ab lamina discretum circ. 2 cm. latum
vaginantem brevem alatum attenuata apice rotundata margine
obscure lobulata lobulis irregulariter denticulatis denticulis
crebris acuminatis hydathodo corneo terminatis supra viridis
rugosa areolatim venulosa glandulis globosis stipitatis albo-
fariniferis conspersa sed tamen efarinosa costa media pallide
viridi venis primariis plurimis patulis sulcatis, subtus dense
albo-farinosa venis omnibus prominulis ultimis intricatim favoso-
reticulatis. Scapus ad 4 dm. altus robustus erectus teres dense
albo-farinosus umbellam capitatam multifloram discoideam
gerens ; bracteae albo-farinosae ligulatae vel oblongae integrae
vel apicem versus interdum denticulatae ad 1.5 cm. longae ad
4 mm. latae ultra flores juveniles prolatae calycem sub anthesi
aequantes acutae vel acuminatae vel apiculatae exteriores basi
pulvinatim incrassatae ; pedicelli breves nonnunquam subnulli
albo-farinosi ad 5 mm. longi plerumque erubescentes sub anthesi
deflexi anthopodio meniscoideo terminati. Calyx ad 9 mm
longus campanulatus ad medium vel ultro fissus dense albo-
farinosus tubo intus excepto, lobis erectis adpressis a basi
lanceolatis acuminatis aequalibus vel posteriore paullo majore.
Corollae extus supra calycem albo-farinosae tubus in flore
longistylo circ. 1.4 cm. longus infra cylindricus sursum subinflato-
infundibuliformis 5-carinatus in brevistylo circ. 1.2 cm. longus
subcylindricus ad os inflatus extus erubescens intus viridescens
basi rubescente excepto transverse rugosus ad faucem rugis
supremis strumosis quasi annulatus, limbus concavus circ. I cm.
longus haematoxylo-violaceus glandulis fariniferis conspersus, lobi
erecti imbricati ad 6 mm. longi ad 6 mm. lati obovati vel sub-
quadrati vel subrotundati emarginati subpatentes. Stamina in
flore longistylo basim tubi corollini versus inserta calycis tubo
breviora in brevistylo medium versus inserta antherarum apicibus
ab ore 6 mm.remotis filamentis conspicuis plus minusve purpureis,
antheris luteis connectivo atropurpureo. Ovarium depresso-
globosum vel turbinatum; stylus longus calycem aequans ;
stigma magnum depresso-capitatum 5-lobatum viride. Capsula
ovoidea circ. 5 mm. longa calyce corollaque inclusa membranacea
ab apice firmiore valvis 5 dehiscens; placenta globosa magna
brevissime stipitata ; semina minuta 0.5 mm. longa reniformia
spadicea testa membranacea tuberculata.

Microforma P. capitatae, Hook. sed robustior et foliis majori-
bus apice latis rotundatis supra viridibus efarinosis rugulosis,
umbella floribusque majoribus distinguenda

East Himalaya :—

Sikkim. 10,000-16,000 ft. Coll. J. D. Hooker in Herb. Kew.
(Farina fere omnino delapsa vel detersa.)

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 185.

Lachoong, Sikkim. 10,000-11,000 ft. 29th Aug. 1849. Coll.
J. D. Hooker in Herb. Kew.

Yeumtong, Sikkim. 13,000 ft. 5th Sept. 1849. Coll. J. D..
Hooker in Herb. Kew.

Jongri, Sikkim. 8th Oct. 1862. Coll. T. Anderson. Nos. 829,
830 in Herb. Calc.

Lachen, Sikkim.. 1901. Coll. Prain’s Coll. No. 310 in Herb..

the name P. capitata, Hook. It is the large-leaved, large-
flowered plant which flowers in late summer—the best of all the:
plants in cultivation under the name P. capitata. From true
P. capitata, Hook. and all the plants cultivated under the name
it may be distinguished at sight by its large leaves with coarsely
reticulate, almost honeycombed, snow-white under surface and
the bright green upper surface which, although it has scattered
meal-bearing glands, never becomes white.

Six distinct plants are now in cultivation under the name
P. capitata, Hook. with or without a varietal qualification. Of.
these the P. capitata, var. crispa of gardens is the same as the
garden plant P. capitata, var. erosa, and is not a form of the
ageregate P. capitata, Hook. but is one of the aggregate re
denticulata, Sm. (see p. 160). Excluding it then, we have five
plants, which are P. capitata, Hook. or microforms of it. Four’
are Indian, one is Chinese. They are easily distinguished as
they grow, and it may be helpful if I give here the following,
key by which anyone can at sight distinguish them :-—

1, Leaves on both surfaces green. Leaf-base green.

Capitate umbel discoid. Corolla-limb open. crispata..
Capitate umbel globose. Corolla-limb funnel-
shaped y : : . pseudocapitata.

2. Leaves on under side snow-white with meal. Leaf-
base green. Capitate umbel discoid.
Upper leaf-surface more or less whitened with

meal. Corolla-limb open i ‘ capitata.
Upper leaf-surface green. Corolla-limb open . Mooreana.
3. Leaves on under side cream-coloured with} meal.
Leaf-base red.
Upper leaf-surface more or less whitened with
meal. Capitate umbel globose. Corolla-limb
funnel-shaped . P ; ‘ . lacteocapitata.

\otS

186 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

There are other distinct microforms not yet in cultivation,
e.g. P. atrodentata, W. W. Sm., P. Craibeana, Balf. fil. et W. W.
Sm., P. sphaerocephala, Balf. fil., but I reserve comments upon
them for a comprehensive treatment of the whole aggregate.

Primula moschophora, Balf. fil. et Forrest. (Bella.)

Herba pusilla caespitosa farinosa stolonifera; stolones ad
7 cm. longi infra rosulam apicalem nudi albo-farinosi inter
muscos hepaticasque pervadentes. Folia rosulata petiolata
ad 1.5 cm. longa ; lamina oblonga vel elliptica vel obovata vel
subrhomboidea vel anguste subspathulata circ. 7 mm. longa
circ. 4 mm. lata apice obtusa vel subtruncata vel subrotundata
margine varie dentato-lobata deorsum in petiolum alatum
lamina longiorem attenuata supra sordide viridis et glandulis
fariniferis sparsim pulverulenta subtus dense albido-farinosa
costa media et venis primariis regulariter ascendentibus subtus
plus minusve conspicuis percursa. Scapus tenuis circ. I.5 cm.
longus folia superans vel vix superans minutissime albido-fari-
nosus florem unum terminalem gerens; bracteae duae alternae
glandulis fariniferis plus minusve vestitae subcalycinae superior
major ad 3 mm. longa anguste lanceolata inferior subfiliformis
minor ; pedicellus nullus vel nunc 1 mm. longus ; anthopodium
obconoideum. Calyx infundibularis plus minusve albo-farinosus
ultra medium fissus tubo extus 5-angulato lobis elongato-
triangularibus vel oblongo-triangularibus subcarinatis costa
media et venulis duabus lateralibus percursis apice acutis

- hydathodo verruculoso conspicuo terminatis. Corollae lilacinae

tubus in flore longistylo tenuis in floribus heteromorphis ambobus
circ. I cm. longus extus glaber intus ad faucem pulvinato-villosus
infra in flore brevistylo transverse subrugosus, limbi concavi
discus circ. 1.5 cm. latus pulvinato-villosus, lobi cuneati circ. o. 5
mm. longi ad quadrantem bifidi segmentis oblongis divaricatis.
Stamina filamentis brevissimis in flore brevistylo ad os tubi

- corollini in flore longistylo basim versus inserta calyce inclusa.

Ovarium stylopodio incrassato coronatum ovoideum; stylus
longus tubum corollinum aequans, brevis calycis tubum aequans ;
stigma parvum subcapitatum.

Species P. bellae, Franch. proxima, ab ea foliis albo-farinosis
haud inciso-lobatis lobis calycinis elongato-triangularibus acutis
recedens et in sectione Bella stolonibus longis recognoscenda.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. Moist cage — G. Forrest. No. 12,076,
Aug. 1913. In Herb. E

This is a distinct ae of the Bella aggregate at sight re-
cognisable by its stolons. One ought to call them offsets. The

pompon of the corolla throat is not so dense as in typical Bella.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 187

Taking the pompon in the corolla throat as typical of the
Bella series the following ten species belong to it :—P. bella,
Franch., P. Bonatiana, Petitm., P. coryphaea, Balf. fil. et Ward,
P. indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm., P. magnobella, Balf. fil. et
Forrest, P. moschophora, Balf. fil. et Forrest, P. nanobella, Balf.
fil. et Forrest, P. oreina, Balf. fil. et Cooper, P. pusilla, Wall.,
P. sciophila, Balf. fil. et Ward.

Geographically we have :—

Central and Eastern Himalaya—P. pusilla.

Bhutan—P. indobella, P. oreina.

E. Upper Burma—P. coryphaea, P. sciophila.

unnan—P. bella, P. Bonatiana, P. moschophora, P. magno-
bella, P. nanobella.

\424 Primula optata, Farrer. (Nivalis.)

Farinosa rhizomate brevi crasso ramoso radices plurimas
rubras emittente et rosulas caespitosas vestigiis fibrosis foliorum
vetustorum nec squamis paleaceis tunicatas gerente. Folia ad
7 cm. longa oblanceolata vel spathulato-oblonga ad 1.5 cm. lata
obtusa margine regulariter serrulata utrinque glandulis globosis
fariniferis obsita subtus pallidiora plerumque linea farinosa
marginali decorata deorsum in petiolum breviter vaginantem
laminam subaequantem vel ea breviorem attenuata. Scapus
crassus humilis folia triente excedens ad 12 cm. longus viridis
vel paullo purpurascens dense albo-farinosus umbellam globosam
ad 10-floram (rarissime verticillum inferum) gerens ; bracteae
nigro-purpureae a basi circ. 2 mm. lata acuminatae ad 8 mm.
longae pedicellos subaequantes praesertim intus plus minusve
albo-farinosae ; pedicelli breves vix 1 cm. longi validi copiose
albo-farinosi ; anthopodium latum turbinatum. Calyx crassus
nigro-purpureus extus sparsim albo-farinosus elongato-campanu-
latus circ. I cm. longus corollae tubo paullo brevior ultra medium
fissus, lobis elongatis oblongis obtusis vel subacutis intus dense
farinosis. Corollae violaceo-coeruleae tubus membranaceus con-
color extus efarinosus infra stamina cylindricus ‘supra am-
pliatus in flore brevistylo circ. 1.3 cm. longus in flore longistylo
circ. 1.1 cm. longus intus erugosus supra stamina puberulus
annulatus annulo angusto membranaceo-lobato pallidiore, limbi
paullo cupuliformis discus circ. 1.5 mm. latus extus basi sparsim
farinosus supra sparsim puberulus, lobi longe elliptici nervulis
5-7 vix ramosis neque anastomosantibus percursi circ. I cm.
longi et 6 mm. lati integri apice rotundati vel obtusi. Stamina
filamentis brevissimis antheris latis aurantiacis circ. 2 mm. longis
apiculo nullo in flore brevistylo breviter supra mediam tubi

q as + ue bene

188 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

lini (antheris vix calycis tubum aequantibus) inserta. Ovarium
breviter oblongum ; stylus longus vix calycem aequans, brevis.
vix calycis tubum aequans: stigma parvum cylindricum lobula-
tum. Capsula cylindrica circ. 2 cm. longa et 4 mm. lata pallide
straminea nitida muro subpaleaceo haud incrassato calycem
tenuem haud auctum vix dimidio excedens apice dentibus 5
concoloribus brevibus saepe fissis dehiscens; placenta cylin-
drico-claviformis sessilis circ. 8 mm. longa. Semina oblonga
angulata paullo spongiosa subcomplanata circ. 1.75 mm. longa
fusco-brunnea.

Species Sectionis Nivalis bene distincta.

“ Kansu. Probably this is a variety or subspecies of P. No.
22 which is much stouter in growth, with leaves upstanding,
revolute, of dark leathery green gloss, and with an invariable
definite band of silver powder round their under margin, this
being very rarely present in P. No. 10, where leaves are also
explanate, more outlying, and of a bright emerald gloss. In
both plants the capsule is very much as in P. Maximowiczit,
a far-protruding chaffy-pale cylinder, transparent towards the
flat top. Both inhabit bare solitary places in the red or yellow
loam of the very topmost slopes and arétes only, from 12,000-
14,000 ft., among the shingle, and both stand off from P. nivalis
in their lack of any long stock, or any stock at all, as in their
healthy matted masses of white fibres, thrown off from abund-
ant tough main roots of red.’’ Farrer et Purdom. June 1914.
F322..: P..No,.20;

Mr. Farrer says also :—‘‘ Primula No. ro (Section Nivalis, but
very distinct) (P. ‘ opiata’). Very much more charming than
No. 8, and promising better, having no long stock, and being
much more abundant in its zone of distribution. The leaves
develop while the scape breaks into flower, at 3-4 inches: they
are explanate and scarcely revolute, bright lucent green, obovate
lanceolate, shorter, broader, more rounded and splayed out than
in No. 8, set with regular sharp triangular teeth, diminishing to
a + marked petiole, powderless below, but often dusted with
farina on the upper face, and round the dentation of the younger
leaves. Scape densely white, farinose, bracts narrow lanceolate,
dark, pointed, about 4-5 mm. + = the pedicels. Calyx purple,
farinose, densely so within, and outlined without, the lobes rather
more than half its length, oval lanceolate, tube exceeding the
calyx: limb cupuliform or like a shallow saucer (not a flat star,
as in No. 8) scantily powdered on the outside at the base of the
throat : lobes broadly ovate or obovate (ampler and larger than
in No. 8) emarginate and sometimes toothed: ofa lovely melting
lavender blue, with a darker eye, and a strong sweet Primula
fragrance overlaid by a yet stronger one of cupboards and mice.

\ \A%

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 189

Many flowers to the scape (which lengthens to about 8 inches in
fruit), and a secondary tier is often borne, but hardly rises distinct
above the first : the pedicels are shorter and stiffer than in No. 8
so that the head is a dome of blossom rather than a rayed
wheel.”

“Abundant in half-dry beck-beds of limestone, in red earth
and ordinary limy loam full of chips, from 12,000 ft. up to the
highest arétes at 14,000 ft. (where it is most at home, in the
sharply sloping soil-slides) of the great limestone mountain above
Siku.” June-July.

A really fine species.

Primula oreina, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Bella.)

Suffruticosa prostrata epilosa rhizomate lignescente subcrasso
ramoso repénte foliorum vestigiis siccis dense obtecto. Folia
petiolata subspathulata parva ad 1.5 cm. longa ; lamina sub-
carnosula suborbicularis circ. 7 mm. longa et lata margine
cartilaginea integra vel paulo et regulariter crenulata revoluta
basi in petiolum aequilongum alatum circ. 3 mm. latum abrupte
contracta supra atro-viridis glaber laevis venarum reti occulto
subtus dense aureo-farinosa costa media prominula. Scapus
tenuis ad 2 cm. longus foliis paulo longior aureo-farinosus flores
1-2 pedicellatos umbellatim gerens; bracteae 4, inferiores 2
magnae fertiles cyclicae purpurascentes et farina aurea conspersae
margine glanduloso-ciliatae plus minusve cucullatae et amplexi-
caules inaequales externa major circ. 6 mm. longa 5 mm. lata
subpalmatifida lobis 3 obtusis venisque flabellatim divergentibus
superiores 2 minores steriles parvulae virides ; pedicelli circ. 3
mm. longi aureo-farinosi. Calyx poculiformis extus intusque
(tubo intus excepto) plus minusve aureo-farinosus circ. 6 mm.
longus purpurascens ultra medium fissus lobis ligulatis integris
obtusis venula media conspicua glanduloso-ciliatis circ. 2.5
mm. latis. Corollae lilacinae crassiusculae in flore brevistylo circ.
1.4 cm. longae tubus cylindricus supra stamina ampliatus circ.
g mm. longus extus glandulis fariniferis conspersus intus erugosus
puberulus minute annulatus fauce pilis plurimis ex ore prolatis
barbatim occlusus, limbi plani plus minusve puberuli discus circ.
1 mm. latus, lobi obovati circ. 7 mm. longi aperti bifidi segmentis
divaricatis. Stamina ad medium tubi corollini antheris calycem
superantibus antherarum apicibus ab annulo circ. 2.5 mm.
remotis inserta filamentis conspicuis deorsum expansis antheris
circ. 1.5 mm. longis connectivo fulvo. Ovarium discoideum
stylopodio lato coronatum ; stylus brevis vix I mm. longus
calyce multo brevior; stigma parvum discoideum. Capsula
oblonga crustacea circ. 8 mm. longa calyce intus dense farinoso
omnino inclusa ab apice valvis 5 saepe 10 brevibus dehiscens ;

\yvo

190 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

placenta parva discoidea longe stipitata. Semina cuboidea
circ. r mm. diam. helvola longe vesiculoso-tuberculata

Species Sectionis Bellae foliorum forma orbiculari integra
vel paulo crenulata bene distincta. ;

“Bhutan. Narim Thang Kurted. Alt. 14,000 ft. Flowers
large, delicate, purple magenta, solitary. Leaves small, gold
below, remaining on stem which rambles among scree debris, etc.,
for several inches.””’ R.E. Cooper. No. 4247. 31st July 1915.

“Bhutan. Singhi. Kurted. Alt. 16,000 ft. Magenta
flowers. Creeping among glacial debris.” R. E. Cooper. No.
4973. Sept. 1915.

We have here a striking new species of the Bella Section,
differing particularly in foliage and habit from those we already
know. This is a woody spreading plant of glacial screes at high
elevation, and its habit, as well as form of leaf, recall particularly
the features of the Chinese P. dryadifolia, Franch. and P.
philoresia, Balf. fil. et Ward. It is quite a Dryas-like plant.
But its flower characters are those of the Bella Section—bracts
—calyx—corolla. P. indobella, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. is the
only species of the Section known hitherto to occur outside
China, and P. oreina is therefore an interesting further link
between the flora of the Himalayan and the Yunnan Alps.”

Primula plebeia, Balf. fil. (Petiolaris.)

Parva epilosa rhizomate tenui foliis longe petiolatis. Folia
ad 7 cm. longa; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel sub-
rotundata ad 4cm. longa ad 2—2.5 cm. lata membranacea subtus
pallidior margine sinuato-dentata basi abrupte cuneatim in
petiolum vix alatum limbo longiorem attenuata utrinque glandu-
lis globosis brevissime stipitatis videlicet fariniferis sed in speci-
minibus siccis farinae inopibus conspersa. Scapus ad 5 cm.
longus foliis brevior vel vix longior tenuis praesertim apicem
versus cum bracteis pedicellisque glandulis forsan fariniferis
plus minusve puberulus umbellam 2-4-floram gerens; bracteae
virides circ. 5 mm. longae pedicellis breviores lineari-lanceolatae
acutae plus minusve et minutissime ciliatae ; pedicelli ad 8 mm.
longi stricti graciles superne in anthopodium circ. 1.5 mm. longum
gradatim incrassati. Flores rosei. Calyx circ. 5 mm. longus
cupularis laete viridis giandulis forsan fariniferis obscure puber-
ulus ad medium fissus lobis oblongis apice triangulari-acutis
integris uninerviis subpatentibus. Corollae tubus in flore brevi-
stylo infundibularis circ. 7 mm. longus calycem superans in flore
longistylo circ. 5 mm. longus calyce fere inclusus extus glaber
intus annulatus erugosus, limbi concavi discus circ. I mm. latus,
lobi patentes circ. 6 mm. longi obcordati vel obovati profunde
emarginati. Stamina filamentis distinctis floris brevistyli ad

wp

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 19gI

os corollae antherarum apicibus exsertis, longistyli basim versus
apicibus calycem vix superantibus inserta. Ovarium globosum ;
stylus brevis calycis tubo brevior; stylus longus exsertus ;
stigma parvum.

Species Sectionis Petiolaris ex affinitate P.- taliensis, G.
Forrest et P. odontocalycis, Pax ; ab hac foliis longe petiolatis,
scapo longiore pedicellisque brevioribus, calycis lobisedenticulatis,
ab illa foliis calyceque epilosis facile distinguenda. .

Valleys of Tse-tshou-pa. Alt. 8700 ft. Flowers rose. May.
E. E. Maire.

A well-distinguished species amongst the Chinese members
of the Section Petiolaris.

Primula prenantha, Balf. fil. et W. W.Sm. (Candelabra.)
Vix rhizomatica. Folia chartacea opaca pauca rosulata
petiolata ad 10 cm. longa (rarissime 12 cm.) ad 3 cm. lata, ob-
longo-obovata apice rotundata margine eroso-dentata denticulis
hydathodo corneo terminatis, deorsum in petiolum lamina
duplo breviorem alatum vaginantem sensim attenuata, supra
areolatim sulcata subtus pallidiora subcinerea intricatim venu-
loso-reticulata venis primariis patulis obscure pulverulenta.
Scapus tenuis rufus ad 15 cm. altus (sub fructu ad 25 cm.) um-
bellam solitariam 4-7-floram gerens rarius verticillo infero in-
structus nodos versus puberulo-pulverulentus ; bracteae infimae
ligulatae ad 7 mm. longae pedicellis dimidio breviores saepe
denticulatae et ad apicem subexpansae, superiores a basi lan-
ceolatae acuminatae plus minusve pulverulentae ; pedicelli ad
1.4 cm. longi validi deflexi (sub fructu erecti stricti) pube-
rulo-pulverulenti; anthopodium inconspicuum. Flores parvi
nutantes. Calyx campanulatus circ. 4.5 mm. longus crassus
extus costatus inter costas tenuior rubro-striatus glandulis
globosis sparsim pulverulentus breviter fissus lobis inaequalibus
deltoideis vel elongato-triangularibus vel liguliformibus plus
minusve denticulatis vena media prominula hydathodo verru-
culoso terminata. Corollae flavae (fid. Gammie) tubus circ.

magnum. Capsula subglobosa 5 mm. iam. rufa calycis
tubo semi-inclusa stylopodio inconspicuo. Semina (matura ?)
complanata.

Species P. proliferae, Wall. affinis sed omnino minor et foliis

xr

192 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

eroso-dentatis, scapo vix ad 15 cm. alto, floribus parvis, corolla
concava, stylopodio inconspicuo diversa.
Sikki

kim. Jongri. 12,000 ft. King’s Collector. June 1888 ;

‘Gammie. No. 208. 27th June 1891. Flowers yellow. In
Herb. Calc.

Sikkim. Near Talung. goooft. Cave. No.108. 16th July

1906. In open ground, boggy. Flowers yellow, fragrant. In

Herb. Calc.
In the Calcutta Herbarium is a series of specimens of three
different collectings in the neighbourhood of Jongri which show

a small rosulate plant, said to have yellow flowers by two of the

collectors. The plant cannot be identified with any described
species, and is here therefore described. On one of the sheets
has been written “‘ Primula prolifera, Wall., reduced form.’’
This is suggestive. There is little doubt about its being an
ally of Wallich’s species—but it is not the same.

Like other Candelabras P. prenantha shows the globose
glands which give pulverulence, and it may be therefore more
or less farinose. It recalls in habit the Chinese P. Cockburniana,
Hemsl. It has, like it, few leaves in the rosette, and probably
they are patulous in the living plant. The terminal umbel is
few-flowered, and no more than one whorl of flowers below it
is ever shown. The stylopod so marked in P. prolifera, Wall.
and its allies is here not so conspicuous. It is the smallest of
the Himalayan Candelabras.

Primula pseudocapitata, F.K. Ward. (Sphaerocephala.)
Rosulata epilosa rosulis multifoliatis caespitosis rhizomate
parvo. Folia membranacea floribus coaetanea ad 8 cm. longa
ad 3 cm. lata oblongo-spathulata vel oblanceolata apice sub-
rotundata vel subpraemorsa margine irregulariter denticulata
neque erosa neque crispidenticulata glandulis ciliata deorsum in
petiolum laminam aequantem alatum alis integris sensim
attenuata utrinque viridia ac tamen glandulis stipitatis fariniferis
minutis conspersa supra areolatim sulcata subtus venatione
prominula intricatim reticulata venis primariis a costa media
albida arcuatim acute ascendentibus. Scapus teres ad 30 cm.
altus validus dense albofarinosus umbellam capituliformem
globosam multifloram gerens ; bracteae albo-farinosae ligulatae
acutae integrae ad 1.2 cm. longae ad 2 mm. latae floribus juvenili-
bus longiores calycem sub anthesi subaequantes, exteriores basi
pulvinatim imcrassatae recurvatae; pedicelli sub anthesi 2
mm. longi anthopodio obconico abstricto terminati decurvati.
Calyx albo-farinosus (tubo intus excepto) ad 6. 5 mm. longus
ultra medium fissus tubo breviter tubuloso 5-angulato, lobis
ligulatis acutis inaequalibus adpressis apice incurvis :saepe

yA?

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 193

purpurascentibus. Corollae supra calycem extus albo-farinosae
limbus infundibuliformis disco atropurpureo lobisque amethy-
stino-violaceis, tubus extus rubescens ad 1 cm. longus subangu-
latus intus supra stamina sub-viridis transverse rugosus rugis
supremis flavidis strumosis ad faucem pseudoannulatim cinctus
infra stamina membranaceus, limbi discus 2 mm. latus, lobi
oblongi vel subquadrati ad 4 mm. longi ad 4.5 mm. lati praemorsi
vel subtruncati emarginati. Stamina floris longistyli filamentis
pallidis basim tubi corollini versus inserta brevistyli ad faucem
antherarum apicibus ab annulo 3 mm. remotis inserta ; antherae
luteae connectivo purpureo. Ovarium depresso-globosum ;
stylus longus flavido-viridis calyce brevior; stigma rubrum
capitatum lobulatum. Capsula globosa calycis tubo inclusa
supra incrassata valvis 5 ab apice dehiscens.

Species ex affinitate P. sphaerocephalae, Balf. fil. et P. crispatae,
Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. foliis haud erosis, bracteis ligulatis integris
distincta.

Atuntsu. 11,000 ft. F. Kingdon Ward, No. 92 A. rorrt.

Amongst plants in cultivation the species which P. pseudo-
capitata resembles most is the Indian P. crispata, Balf. fil. et
W. W. Sm. When in flower the two plants are easily separ-
ated by their inflorescence, which in P. pseudocapitata is
globose and bears narrow funnel-shaped flowers, whilst in
P. crispata the inflorescence forms a broad disk and the
flowers develop an open limb of a more truly blue tinting. By
foliage the distinction is more difficult yet is definite. P. pseudo- .
capitata has not erose-margined leaves with lobation and crisped
teeth as in P. crispata.

Ward’s plant is a useful garden plant. It comes into flower
about the mid-flowering period of the Capitata aggregate.

From P. sphaerocephala, Balf. fil. it is separated by its smaller
flowers and uncut bracts.

Primula pulvinata, Balf. fil. et Ward. (Suffruticosa.)
Suffruticosa parva pulvinata efarinosa glandulis viscidis
capitatis translucentibus longe stipitatis omnino molliter
vestita redolens. Rhizoma lignosum multo ramosum annorum
praeteritorum foliorum vestigiis siccis ferrugineis obtectum.
Folia in vernatione revoluta longe petiolata ad 6 cm. longa
arcuatim patentia ; lamina lanceolata ad 4 cm. longa ad 8 mm.
lata apice obtusa margine crenato-undulata lobulis inter crenas
obtusis brevibus distantibus adscendentibus basi cuneata supra
intense viridis costa media venisque primariis sulcatis sub-
bullata infra pallidior costa media venisque primariis elevatis
subreticulata utrinque glanduloso-viscida ; petiolus laminam
—— pallide viridis vel albidus glanduloso-viscidus supra

$94 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

concavus subtus convexus basi expansus vix vaginans. Scapus
brevis ad 1.5 cm. longus erubescens cum bracteis pedicellis-
que dense glanduloso-puberulus umbellam 2-3-floram gerens ;
bracteae circ. 8 mm. longae virides a basi circ. I mm. lata acumi-
natae pedicellos aequantes vel eis breviores; pedicelli rubri
1-2 cm. longi fragiles ; anthopodium obconoideum incrassatum
magnum. Flores inter folia immersi. Calyx viridis circ. 8 mm.
longus ultra medium fissus tubo poculiformi-tubuloso extus
glanduloso viscido, lobis a basi lanceolatis acutis subpatentibus
trinerviis integris. Corollae aureae fl. brevistyli tubus circ. I
cm. longus cylindricus pallidior supra stamina ampliatus extus
glanduloso-puberulus intus conspicue transverse rugosus ad os
pentagonum subconstrictus annulatus annulo ro-lobato lobulis
duobus strumosis ad basin cujusque petali oppositis, limbi discus
circ. I mm. latus intensius coloratus glandulosus, lobi obcordati
circ. I cm. longi 8 mm. lati apice emarginati recurvati subtus
subalbidi ibique dense glanduloso-pubescentes. Stamina fila-
mentis conspicuis crassiusculis antheras subaequantibus in flore
brevistylo os tubi corollini versus antherarum apicibus vix ex-
sertis inserta. Ovarium viride globosum; stylus brevis calyce
multo brevior ; stigma capitatum.

Species P. pseudobracteatae, Petitm. affinis sed efarinosa haud
scabrida et ad haec umbellis 2-3-floris, calyce longiore ultra
medium fisso, corolla calycem triente superante recedit.

N.W. Yunnan. On precipices above a glacier two days west
of Atuntsu. Alt. 11,000 ft. -F. Kingdon Ward. June 1913.
Growing in big tufts.

In 1913 Mr. Kingdon Ward sent to me a small dried specimen
of this plant which in many ways agreed with the impression I
had been able to form from Petitmengin’s description of the
plant named P. pseudobracteata, Petitm., and I included it pro-
visionally under this name. The living plants which we now
have do not confirm my earlier impression. Petitmengin speaks
of his species as having the leaves white mealy below when young
atleast. There is no sign of this in Ward’s plant, and the glandu-
lar hairs are not of the kind that produce meal. They have rela-
tively long stalks, and the globose translucent head is coated with
sticky glandular secretion. Petitmengin indeed says of P.
pseudobracteata that it is covered with hairs which are in part
glandular scabrid, but there is no suggestion of scabridity
in Ward’s plant. Other characters of difference between P.
pulvinata and P. pseudobracteata are its calyx, which is larger,
more deeply cut, and with lobes entire showing no sign of incision,
its corolla tube not so much longer than the calyx, and then in
the corolla itself there is the distinctive creamy white and
giandular under surface of the lobes so conspicuous a feature

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 195

that had it been present in P. pseudobracteata it must have
been recorded.

From seeds sent by Kingdon Ward to Bees, Ltd., and of
which a portion was presented to us, plants have been raised
and flowered both at Liverpool and in Edinburgh—the first
flowering in 1915. The plant is a dainty cushion plant and,
covered with its relatively large yellow flowers resting on the
foliage cushion, is a pretty sight. We have not yet tried it in
the open over a winter. Its aspect seems to tell that it wants
the same treatment as P. Forresti, Balf. fil.

Primula radicata, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Rosea.)
_“Caespitosa nana polyrhiza farinosa epilosa. Folia ad 2 cm.
longa ad 1 cm. lata; lamina coriacea elliptica vel oblonga apice
rotundata margine remote et grosse dentata dentibus hydathodo
prominulo terminatis utrinque glanduloso-foveolata supra spar-
sim subtus dense albo-farinosa costa media crassa prominente per-
cursa venis primariis patulis immersis basi a petiolo constricta;
petiolus laminam aequans vel ea brevior late membranaceo-
alatus latitudine uniformis. Scapus nullus. Umbella sessilis
4—-5-flora inter folia immersa ; bracteae involucrantes vaginantes
exteriores majores ad 5 mm. longae a basi lata amplexicauli
acuminatae carinatae basi in sacculum gibbosum parvum rotun-
datum productae; pedicelli validi bracteas aequantes ; antho-
podium obconoideum. Calyx crassiusculus 5 mm. longus cam-
panulatus costatus rubro-punctatus intus sparsim albo-farinosus
ad trientem fissus lobis triangularibus acutis purpureis. Corollae
roseae (?) crassiusculae tubus ad I cm. longus anguste cylin- -
dricus supra stamina subito ampliatus extus glaber intus infra
stamina plus minusve puberulus in parte ampliata velutino-
puberulus forsan farinosus ad os constrictus et annulo intensius
colorato instructus, limbi discus angustus vix I mm. latus, lobi
coriacel aperti ad 3 mm. longi basi ahadinie vel rectangulares

saepe emarginatos vel retusos fissi. Stamina filamentis pro-
minulis antheris magnis 2 mm. longis in flore brevistylo supra
medium tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus 1.5 mm.
ab annulo remotis. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus brevis calyce
multo brevior ; stigma ovoideum

P. roseae, Royle affinis foliis coriaceis farinosis, umbella ex-
scapa notisque aliis differt.

A very distinct species which I have seen only in the few
specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium, collected by Capt. Young-
husband in 1894 in Chitral. It is placed as a variety of P. rosea,
Royle in the Calcutta Herbarium, and I assume from that the
- flower colour is rose, and there is nothing in the dried form to

\XG

196 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

contradict the assumption. The material for examination is
small, and I am unable to determine with certainty whether
the corolla throat is really densely farinose or only glandular
puberulous. The whole surface is covered as with velvet pile,
and in the flower I examined the cavity was filled with sand
particles which adhered more or less firmly to the surface. The
annulus constricting the corolla tube is evidently darker than
the rest of the corolla.

Primula redolens, Balf. fil. et Ward. (Suffruticosa.)
Suffruticosa fragrans ubique pilis albis glandulosis vestita
rhizomate lignoso multicipite forsan in senectute foliorum vesti-
giis siccis dense obtecto. Folia petiolata sub anthesi ad 12 cm.
longa ; lamina oblonga ad 8 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata obtusa
margine grosse crenulata basi in petiolum fere aequilongum vix
alatum supra canaliculatum evaginatum breviter cuneatim at-
tenuata utrinque pilis albidis glanduloso-pilosa efarinosa supra
bullatasubtus pallidioret favoso-reticulata costamedia prominula.
Scapus robustus ad 12 cm. longus umbellam ad 12-floram gerens
dense albido-glanduloso-pilosus ; bracteae ad 1.3 cm. longae
basi ad 5 mm. latae anguste ovato-acuminatae foliaceae pluri-
nerviae farina alba inter pilos albidos glandulosos plus minusve
vestitae ; pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi erecti glanduloso-pilosi
virides ; anthopodium magnum obconoideum. Calyx poculi-
formis ad 8 mm. longus extus glanduloso-pilosus et albo-farinosus
intus plus minusve albo-farinosus ultra trientem fissus lobis
‘ovatis trinerviis subacutis. Corollae floris brevistyli albidae
vel pallide violaceae tubus infra stamina cylindricus supra paullo
ampliatus extus lacteo-albus glanduloso-pilosus et albo-farinosus
intus infra stamina transverse rugosus pallide luteus supra eru-

gosus viridi-luteus exannulatus, limbi plani discus angustissimus,

lobi imbricati ad 1 cm. longi obovati bifidi subtus albo-farinosi.
Stamina floris brevistyli filamentis luteis distinctis infra medium
tubi corollini inserta antherarum apicibus circ. 2 mm. ab ore
remotis. Ovarium globosum ; stylus brevis pallide viridis tubo
corollino vix longior ; stigma subcapitatum lobulatum.

Species ex affinitate P. Forrestii, Balf. fil. et P. rufa, Balf. fil.
floribus albidis vel pallide violaceis facile distinguenda.

Yunnan. F. Kingdon Ward.

This plant, of which no dried specimens are in Ward’s collec-
tion, was raised in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, from
seeds sent home by him in rgr1, and presented by Mr. Bulley.
It may be best described as a white or violet-flowered P. F orrestit,
Balf. fil. It is hardier than P. Forrestii and is a more robust
grower. Very fragrant.

(Ws

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 197

- Primula Reginella, Balf. fil. (Auriculata ?)

Pusilla tenuis efarinosa epilosa paucifolia foliis longe petio-
latis. Folia circ. 3 cm. longa; lamina crassiuscula circ. I
cm. longa 6 mm. lata oblonga vel elliptica vel subrhomboidea
obtusa margine integra basi cuneatim vel plus minusve abrupte
in petiolum lamina duplo longiorem alatum infra membrana-
ceum longe cylindrico-vaginantem attenuata utrinque concolor
pilis capitatis minutissimis sparsim obtecta. Scapus folia sub-
aequans circ. 2 cm. longus tenuis strictus pallide viridis glaber
umbellam ad 6-floram gerens; bracteae virides circ. 9 mm.
longae vix I mm. latae lineares acutae basi pallidae submem-
branaceae plus minusve longe vaginantes circum pedicellos cucul-
latae haud productae sed subinflatae; pedicelli subfiliformes
stricti virides circ. 1.5 cm. longi ultra folia projecti ; anthopodium
ad 1.5 mm. longum obconoideum subinflatum. Calyx circ. 5 mm.
longus tubulosus extus obscure pulverulentus tubo extus sepal-
orum costis obscure angulato viridi et minute purpureo-maculato
intervallis subpergamentaceis pallidioribus ultra trientem fisso,
lobis oblongis vel oblongo-triangularibus obtusis vel subacutis
viridibus purpureo-maculatis. Corollae pallide roseae tubus
calycem subaequans vel eo longior extus viridi-luteus glaber
cylindricus supra stamina paullo ampliatus intus infra stamina
laevis supra transverse aurantiaco-rugosus ad faucem annulo
subregulari crenulato aurantiaco cinctus, limbi plani postea
reflexi discus circ. 1 mm. latus intus aurantiacus extus pur-
pureus, lobi aperti obovati vel cuneati circ. 5 mm. longi ad
trientem in segmenta elliptica bipartiti. Stamina filamentis
brevissimis antheris parvis circ. 0,5 mm. longis luteis connectivo
cinereo in flore longistylo sub os tubi corollini (antherarum
apicibus circ, 1 mm. ab annulo remotis calycem aequantibus)
inserta in flore breyistylo ad os inserta apicibus ultra annulum
exsertis. Ovarium ovoideum vel subturbinatum infra viride
tenue superne stylopodio incrassato 5-areolato coronatum ;
stylus longus paullo exsertus brevis calycem subaequans ;
stigma parvum ovoideum. Capsula circ, 6 mm. longa calyce
adpresso cincta meee — valvyis 5 nunc bipartitis
brevibus incrassatis dehisce

Species aspectu P. ae Watt et P. pumilionis, Maxim,
ab ambabus bracteis linearibus basi haud productis facile dis-

tinguenda.

W. Szechwan, Tungnglo. Soulié. No. 879, 1893. In
Herb. Kew. :

W. China. Grasslands, 11,000-13,500 ft. Flowers bright

mauve. Wilson. No. 4035. May 1904. In Herb. Kew.
Kansu. Ta-Tung Alps. Highest alpine turf from 14,000-
15,000 ft. Bright pink. Scentless and very charming, growing

yu"

\
.

198 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

in small clusters. Farrer and Purdom. F. 561. Primula No.
30. June—July Io15.

Mr. Farrer’s beautifully laid out and pressed specimens from
Kansu come as a welcome confirmation of my diagnosis from the
specimens cited above in the Kew Herbarium of this new species.
Soulié’s specimen No. 879 (there are three sheets) carry the Paris
name P. tibetica, Watt. Wilson’s specimens are named P.
pumilio, Maxim. All have been referred to P. pumilio. But
the species is separable from both P. tibetica and P. pumilio
by many characters, and if I name here that of the bracts it
is because it can be appreciated at a glance. In Watt’s and
Maximowicz’s species these are characteristically saccate at the
base and are moreover relatively broad and short. In P.
Reginella there is no saccation ; the anthopodium is large as in
all this series and the surface layers are somewhat inflated, but
there is never a sign of any prolongation downwards. In addi-
tion, in P. Reginella the bracts themselves are long linear nearly
equalling in length the pedicels. In P. pumilio the bracts are
quite short, often as broad as long. In P. tibetica they are
never linear.

I had drawn up a description of the species under a name of
my own coinage awaiting publication when Mr. Farrer’s speci-
mens came along with the happy suggestion of a name, and I
am pleased to adopt it.

Primula Roylei, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm. (Sonchifolia ?)
P. obtusifolia, Royle var. Roylei, Hook. fil. in Fl. Brit. Ind. iii
(1862), 489 ; Watt in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx (1884), 8 (ex

parte).
P. obtusifolia, Royle in Bot. Mag. (1887), t. 6956; Pax in
Engler, Monogr. (1905), 118 (ex parte).

Epilosa farinosa rhizomate parvo radicibus crassis suffulto
ad collum squamis plurimis imbricatis persistentibus firmis erectis
ovatis acutis 2.5-8 cm. longis circ. 2.5 cm. latis dense luteo-
farinosis circumcincta. Folia ad 12 cm. longa sub fructu accre-
scentia in rosulam congesta ; lamina coriacea oblonga vel fusi-
formis nonnunquam subspathulata ad g cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata
apice obtusa margine eroso-denticulata deorsum in petiolum
brevem latum ligulatum plus minusve membranaceum basi late
vaginantem lamina multo breviorem attenuata infra pallidior
utrinque granulosa glandulis brevissime stipitatis et capitatis
fariniferis (in speciminibus siccis farina vix manifesta est et
glandulae quasi puncta rubra sese ostendunt) praedita costa
media lata elevata utrinque conspicua venisque primariis occultis
percursa. Scapus plerumque validus plus minusve luteo-fari-
nosus ad 20 cm. longus (sub fructu multo elongatus) umbellam

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 199

terminalem ad 25-floram gerens; bracteae submembranaceae
plurimae adpressae ad 1 cm. longae a basi subvaginata gradatim
acuminatim attenuatae glandulis fariniferis vestitae ; pedicelli
tenues ad 2.5 cm. longi bracteas longe superantes nigrescentes
luteo-farinosi in anthopodium conspicuum expansi infra fructum
leviter incrassati. Calyx brunneus vel nigrescens coriaceus late
campanulatus ad g mm. longus extus intusque plerumque luteo-
farinosus ultra medium fissus tubo angulato lobis oblongis
obtusis venulis nigrescentibus percursis. Corollae purpureae cum
oculo atro-purpureo et annulo ro-lobato farinoso luteo tubus fi.
brevistyli circ. 1.3 cm. longus longistyli circ. 1.1 cm. longus, infun-
dibularis supra stamina ampliatus extus glandulis fariniferis con-
‘spersus intus infra stamina transverse rugosus supra puberulus,
limbi subconcavi discus circ. 4 mm. latus puberulus, lobi patentes
imbricati magni r.3 cm. lati et longi obcordati vel subrotundati
velutini apice retusi vel subpraemorsi. Stamina filamentis con-
spicuis late insertis et pulvinis interstaminalibus conjunctis
antheris magnis circ. 3 mm. longis in fl. brevistylo ultra annu-
lum semi-exsertis in longistylo calycem excedentibus. Ovarium
ovoideum apice conoideum et stylopodium i pi f ;
stylus brevis validus calyce brevior stigmate discoideo, longus
exsertus stigmate ovoideo. Capsula discoidea circ. 5 mm. lata
vertice convexa in calycis tubo cupuliformi vix crustaceo lobis
patentibus inclusa apicem pedicelli leviter incrassati stricti
divaricati coronans irregulariter operculatim dehiscens. Semina
irregulariter angulata cuboidea brunnea spongiose areolata circ.
2 mm. diam. columnam placentalem breviter et tenuiter crus-
taceo-stipitatam insternentia et ab ea gradatim cadentia.
Species P. Gammieanae, King persimilis sed squamis latis fari-
nosis foliorum rosulam obtegentibus, foliis vix petiolatis, calyce
fructibusque seminibusque minoribus valde diversa. Ab P.obtusi-
olia, Roylelonge distans fructu operculato necsepticido distincta.
Sikkim. Sandakphu to Yakalungma, 10,000-12,000 ft.
Watt. No. 5376. 30th May 1881. In Herb. Edin. et Kew.
Sikkim. Sandakphu, 11,500 ft. 30th May 1go2. Lace, No.
2260. Sub nom. P. Stuartii, Wall. var. purpurea. In Herb. Calc.
Sikkim. Megu, near Nepal frontier, 13,000 ft. Ribu et
Rhomoo. 15th June 1912. In Herb. E i
Sikkim. Sandakphu, 12,000 ft. Cave. Flowers violet.
30th May 1913. In Herb. Edin. Very typical.
_ Sikkim. Jongri, 14,000 it. Rhomoo. No. 928. Flowers
dark purple. 12th Aug. 1913. In Herb. Edin.
_ Sikkim. Tari, 13,000 ft. Cave. 29th May 1914. In Herb.
Edin.
Nepal. Soon-soon-nangi, nr. Kanglanamo. King’s Collector.
June 1887. In Herb. Calc. Very typical. g

J

200 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Var. acaulescens, Balf. fil. et W. W. Sm.

Forma escaposa. Flores longe pedicellati pedicellis filiformi-
bus folia superantibus ad 12 cm. longis ex axillis foliorum
quasi singillatim vel fasciculatim orientibus.

Sikkim. Sandakphu to Yakalungma, 10,000-12,000 ft.
Watt. No. 5376. 20th May 1881. In Herb. Edin. et Kew.
Clarke. No. 34,973. 5th June 1884. Sub nom. P. petiolaris,
Wall.

This purple-flowered species has been confused with P.
obtusifolia, Royle and is one of the plants included by Hooker
in his P. obtusifolia, Royle var. Roylei. Pax does not recognise
Hooker and Watt’s var. Royles and sinks it in P. obtusifolia.
But P. obtusifolia, Royle * is a Western Himalayan species ;
it does not occur in Sikkim, and is a very different plant
from all Sikkim species; it belongs to the Nivalis Section.
P. Roylei is one of a series of Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Tibet, and
Bhutan plants which find their alliance in the Chinese species
of the Sonchifolia Section and in the Petiolaris Section. The
fruit characters separate them widely from P. obtusifolia.
Possibly we may have to unite in one section Sonchifolia and
Petiolaris, but at the moment I cannot discuss this question,
as material for a decision is still lacking. P. Royle: is only
one of several species that have been confused with P. obtusi-
folia. Others are P. Gammieana, King, P. Griffith, Watt,
P,. erate. Don, P. obliqua, W. W. Sm., P. purpurea,
Royle, P. spathulata, Royle, P. Stuarti, Wall., P. Tannert,
King. It has been in cultivation for many years under the
name P. obtusifolia, and is the plant figured under that
name in the Bot. Mag. (1887), t. 6956. In the Report of
the Primula Conference, 1913, there is a figure - it as culti-
vated under that name at Edinburgh. My remarks upon
P. obtusifoha as a garden plant quoted by Sir peices Watt T
refer to P. Roylen.

P. Roylei is spread over West Sikkim and the eastern
boundary of Nepal. It affects altitudes of 12,000-14,000
ft., and, as the list of localities given above shows, I
have seen specimens collected at various stations from San-
dakphu in the south to Kanglanamo and Jongri in the north.
Sir George Watt writes of it in his field notes as growing singly
on damp grass-covered hills, covering miles of country with its
pale purple flowers with yellow annulus. He also says that its
scent is “‘ oppressive metallic said to give headache,” contrasting
with the yellow-flowered P. obliqua, W. W. Sm. of which “ the
flowers are much more pleasantly scented.” From Sir George

* Royle Illustr. Bot. Himal. (1839), 311, t. 77. f. 1
+ Watt, Observations on Indian Primulas in Bhai R.HLS. xxix (1904), 1316.

‘yo

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 201

Watt’s field notes I may quote further. The plant hasa “ stem
short erect surrounded by broad scales 1 inch in diameter, and
14 to 3 inches long, coated with yellow farina. The leaves are
sessile oblong spathulate, broadly speaking, or ovate oblong
sheathing subacute erose 3-4 inches long, never more than half
the length of the peduncle. Peduncle mealy at extremity and
generally present but, as in the English primrose, often wanting,
the pedicels being then very long. Bracts forming a whorl not
spurred ovate acuminate closely adpressed to pedicels and about
half the length. Calyx large wide loose dark brown prominently
angled half cleft into 5 linear subobtuse sepals mealy in sinus.
Pedicels mealy at union with calyx. Flowers large, 1 inch in
diameter and tube 3 inch, pink purple with dark purple ring
around the yellow mouth. Corolla tube inflated upwards twice
the length of calyx ; limb flat rotate very broad oblong obtuse
very slightly emarginate throat constricted by a yellow annulus
of from 5-10 irregular though prominent teeth less prominent
in the short-styled forms. Ovary globose completely hid within
the loose calyx.”

It is fortunate that we have this comprehensive field note by
Sir George Watt, recording his observation of two forms which
the plant exhibits—a caulescent and an acaulescent—for isolated
dried specimens might otherwise have been misleading. The
scapeless state—which may have the name var. acaulescens—is
one of the suppression of the scape accompanied by elongation
of the pedicels and also of the subtending leaves, bringing about
the condition which occurs in P. acaulis, in contrast with that of
P. elatior or with that of the caulescent forms of P. acaulis
which correspond with the normal state of P. Roylet.

In its typical state P. Royle: is recognised from its near ally
P. Gammieana of Eastern Sikkim and Tibet by the broad
persistent farinose leaf-scales beneath the foliage rosette, by
the absence of long petioles in the flowering stage, by thicker
leathery leaves, by the shorter flower pedicels which do not
thicken so much under the fruit, by the less woody calyx
under the fruit and its longer pointed lobes, by the narrower
hardly woody placental stipe, and by the smaller seeds.

Primula strumosa, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Elongata.)

Planta epilosa rhizomate parvo follisque plus minusve erectis
yaginis longis suffultis. Folia petiolata corlacea yel sub-
carnosula longe petiolata ad 10 cm, longa; lamina oblanceolata
vel sublanceolata ad 4.5 cm. longa 2 cm. lata deorsum in peti-
olum vaginantem longum erectum membranaceo-alatum erubes-
centem sensim attenuata apice obtusa vel rotundata margine
leviter subcartilaginea irregulariter crenato-denticulata utrinque

202 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

glandulis plus minusve pulverulenta efarinosa supra laevis
atro-purpurea vix venulosa subtus pallidior costa media elevata
caeteroquin obscure reticulato-venulosa. Scapus ad 18 cm.
altus validus infra glandulis fariniferis conspersus nunc erubescens
apicem versus atro-purpureus et aureo-farinosus umbellam ad
8-floram floribus nutantibus gerens; bracteae atro-purpureae
aureo-farinosae a basi lata lanceolatae acutae cucullatae carinatae
basi extus pulvinatim incrassatae; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi
atro-purpurei aureo-farinosi nutantes ; anthopodium turbinatum
magnum ad 2 mm. longum. Calyx crasse coriaceus campanu-
latus circ. 5 mm. longus atro-purpureus extus intusque aureo-
farinosus ad medium fissus tubo angulato lobis ovatis vel oblongis
obtusis. Corollae aureae aurantiaco-oculatae tubus in flore
longistylo circ. 1.2 cm. longus infra cylindricus angustus supra
stamina ampliatus extus plus minusve aureo-farinosus intus
erugulosus annulatus annulo aurantiaco lobulato-crenulato, limbi
discus circ. 2 mm. latus dense pubescens, lobi subrotundati vel
oblongi circ. 8 mm. longi crenulati. Stamina in flore longistylo
basim tubi corollini versus inserta ultra calycem prolata filamentis
validis deorsum expansis strumis corollinis inter se conjunctis,
antheris ad 2 mm. longis luteis connectivo fulvo. Ovarium
globosum ; stylus longus tenuis corollae tubo brevior ; stigma
cylindricum angustum ab annulo 2.5 mm. remotum.

Species P. elongatae, Watt affinis sed foliis subtus efarinosis,
calycis lobis brevibus obtusis, corollae tubo breviore, staminibus
strumoso-conjunctis diversa

Bhutan. Champa Pumthang. Alt. 14,000 ft. Flowers
yellow, golden eye. Inflorescence yellow-mealy. Open turf
among boulders. R. E. Cooper. No. 4072. 24th June 1915.

None of the writers on Indian Primulas has made clear the
character limits of P. elongata, Watt, a species which collectors
have mixed up with P. sikkimensis, Hook., with P. Stuartii,
Wall., and with P. obtustfolia, Royle. I shall give elsewhere a
critical account of P. elongata. Here I need only say that
it is separated by abundant characters from the three species
with which it has been confused, and that we know of it now from
Bhutan as well as from Sikkim. The plant I am describing here
recalls P. elongata in habit and size and also in colour of
flower but wants the mealiness—very characteristic in form—
of the under surface of the leaf; the calyx is much smaller and
the lobes are obtuse and have a different venation; and the
stamens have at their base swollen cushions of the corolla
joining: them and forming a sort of second ann

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 203

Primula vernicosa, F. K. Ward. (Petiolaris.)

Pusilla efarinosa foliis vix petiolatis rosulatis glandulis clavatis
dense obsitis secretione viscida saepe vernicosis, rosula poculi-
formi basi squamis parvis submembranaceis circumcincta. Folia
crassiuscula squamas gradatim sequentia ad 3 cm. longa ad 1.5
cm. lata oblanceolata vel oblonga apice obtusa margine quasi sub-
erosa dentilk inatisinaequalil vis hydathodo termin-
atis glanduloso-ciliolatis ci incta basi integra deorsum paullo
attenuata late inserta evaginata utrinque concoloria costa media
lata pallidiore supra plana subtus elevatavenis primariis penniner-
vatim adscendentibus percursa. Scapus brevissimus crassus saepe
vix 3 mm. longus sub fructu ad 6 cm. elongatus viridis umbellam
2~3-floram inter folia immersam gerens ; bracteae 3-4 a basi sub-
amplexicauli liguliformes apice acuminatae circ. 7 mm. longae
1.25 mm. latae virides utrinque et margine glandulis elevatis
viscidis obtectae; pedicelli sub anthopodio fere nulli circ. 2 mm.
longi crassi virides glandulosi in anthopodium magnum cire.
3 mm. longum et latum expansi. Calyx ventricoso-poculiformis
crassus viridis circ. 1 cm. longus (sub fructu auctus) extus dense
viscide glandulosus intus glandulis longioribus conspersus lobis
circ. 3.5 mm. longis imbricatis subrotundatis concavis vertice
3-5-dentatis (dentibus subpatentibus triangularibus hydathodo-
terminatis glanduloso-ciliatis) venulis 7-9 translucentibus flabel-
latim divaricatis percursis. Corollae albae ubique plus minusve
glandulosae tubus basi cylindricus sursum ventricosus ad os
constrictus calyce inclusus et eo brevior subcarnosulus annu-
latus annulo albo dense glanduloso ro-lobo in faucem protruso,
limbi discus concavus circ. 1 mm. latus glandulosus, lobi
circ. 5 mm. longi 2.5 mm. lati oblongi basi subconstricti apice
obtusi vel subtruncati. Stamina fl. longistyli filamentis con-

-spicuis circ. 1 mm. longis deorsum expansis prope basim regionis
corollinae ventricosae inserta antheris linearibus apiculatis circ.
1.25 mm. longis. Ovarium globosum viride ; stylus longus tubum
corollinum aequans ; stigma ovoideum bilobum. Capsula con-
vexa discoidea circ. 8 mm. lata quoad dimidium inferius tubo
calycis membranaceo inclusa supra subcrustacea pseudo-opercu-
lata irregulariter rupta ; placenta late discoidea stipite crasso.
Semina spadicea subcuboidea circ. I mm. diam.; testa vesi-
culoso-tuberculata. ae

Species P. taliensi, G. Forrest affinis sed minor, pilorum inopia

floribusque inter folia immersis valde diversa.

Yunnan. Mekong-Salween Divide, W. slope. 12,000 ft.

F. Kingdon Ward. No. 94. June ro11. “ Growing in open damp

situations in Abies forest. The immense root system and closely
packed leaves may be due to the coldness of the soil on this shaded
north slope where snow was still lying.”

204 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

Tibeto-Chinese frontier. Ka-gwr-pw. Doker la, 14,000 ft.
F. Kingdon Ward. No. 794. 18th July 1913. Mossy banks.
Rhododendron forest.

A distinct species resembling in growth P. talensis, Forrest
and marked out by its glands and calyx. The features of these
organs indicate the place of the species in the Petiolaris Section.
The toothing at the summit of the calycine lobes and the con-
spicuous radiating venation of the lobes are remarkable.

The species is in cultivation from seeds sent by Kingdon Ward
to Bees, Ltd. Of plants raised from these seeds, some of which
were presente to the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, by
Mr. - Bulley, several have flowered. From such a first
floweri ring experience tells me to be cautious in estimating the
horticultural value of the Primulas. Our plants have produced
small short-stalked clusters with successional white flowers which
nestle amongst the green leaves. The plant looks as if it would
be a good grower, and if it covers itself with many trusses it
should be as worthy of a place in gardens as some of the cushion
Androsaces.

Primula xanthopa, Balf. fil. et Cooper. (Yunnanensis.)
Caespitosa aureo-farinosa epilosa rhizomate tenui elongato
circ, I mm. diam. alabastra axillaria plurima et radices albidas
profusas emittente infra foliorum praeteritorum vestigiis siccis
dense obtecto. Folia membranacea petiolata ad 6 cm. longa ;
lamina plana oblonga vel subelliptica ad 3 cm. longa ad 1.5
cm. lata apice rotundata grosse serratim inciso-dentata dentibus
acuminatis apiculatis basi integra in petiolum cuneatim attenu-
ata supra atro-viridis sed tamen glandulis farinae potentibus
conspersa subtus dense aureo-farinosa costa media venisque
primariis acute adscendentibus utrinque subprominulis ; petiolus
lamina longior ad 5 cm. longus tenuis angustissime alatus basi
expansus dense aureo-farinosus. Scapus delicatus ad 10 cm.
longus plus minusve aureo-farinosus flores 1-3 umbellatim gerens;
bracteae 2~4 cyclicae inaequales senior maxima ad 6 mm. longa
vix 2 mm. lata ligulata acutiuscula cucullata integra nunc minute
denticulata uninervia plus minusve aureo-farinosa juniores
minores ; pedicelli filiformes ad x cm. longi aureo-farinosi
stricti plus minusve erecti; anthopodium obconoideum parvum.
Calyx circ. 6 mm. longus aperte campanulatus viridis extus
intusque aureo-farinosus ultra medium fissus tubo 5-costato
lobis oblongis acutis uninerviis patentibus sinuatis. Corollae
purpureae aureo-oculatae tenuiter membranaceae tubus cylin-
dricus supra stamina paulo ampliatus in flore brevistylo circ. 1
cm. longus in longistylo circ. 8 mm. epilosus efarinosus erugosus
limbo pallidior, limbi plani discus circ. 2.5 mm. latus dense aureo-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 205

farinosus, lobi ad 8 mm. longi obovati imbricati bifidi segmentis
divaricatis. Stamina filamentis brevissimis subnullis antheris
circ. 1 mm. longis in flore brevistylo ad faucem antheris fere ex-
sertis in longistylo infra medium tubi corollini antheris calycem
vix superantibus inserta. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus longus
corollae tubum aequans brevis calycem aequans; stigma
discoideum margine revolutum. Capsula calycem aequans
inclusa oblonga circ. 5 mm. longa infra membranacea supra
incrassata ab apice valvis 5 ad trientem dehiscens; placenta
cylindrica circ. 2.5 mm. longa stipite tenui circ. I mm. longo.
Semina fulva complanata elliptica circ. 0.75 mm. longa breviter
vesiculoso-tuberculata.

Species Sectionis Yunnanensis foliis longe petiolatis et grosse
inciso-dentatis, corollae disco aureo-farinoso facile recognoscenda.
- Bhutan. Dong la, Lingtsi and Tashiyangsi Kurted. Alt.
12,000 ft. Flowers purple, petals sinuate, yellow eye. Growing
on mossy stones under Abies forest. R. E. Cooper, No. 4393.
Ioth Aug. I9I5. :

Bhutan. East of Lingtsi Kurted. Alt. 12,000 ft. Flowers
purple. Corolla lobes wavy. On mossy rocks under Abies
forest. R. E. Cooper, No. 4977. Sept. 1915.

From the standpoint of geographical distribution a most
interesting species. P. xanthopa is a characteristic member of the
Section Yunnanensis of which P. tenella, King is the only species
hitherto recognised outside China. Like other Bhutan species
described in these pages it is a link between the Himalayan and
West Chinese Floras. The plant resembles in its inflorescence P.
yunnanensis, Franch. itself but is taller. The flat membranous
leaves with deeply incised margins borne on long petioles dis-
tinguish the plant from all Chinese allies. It shows the charac-
teristic decay of the leaves by gradual desiccation which we
find in the Yunnanensis series associated with delicate rhizomes
and stolons. This character makes them resent our outdoor
winter climate. They seem to rot off at once if the old desic-
cating leaves are kept damp.

Sse ee

Fifteen of the forty species of Primula described in the pre-
ceding pages are the result of more critical examination in the
light of recently acquired knowledge of the Primulas hitherto
described from the East and West Himalaya; eight are
Bhutanese, the outcome of R. E. Cooper’s explorations; the
others are Western Chinese gathered by Forrest, Kingdon
Ward, Farrer and Purdom, and Maire, one only being the result
of differential diagnosis in older Chinese collections. They by

206 BALFoUR—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA.

no means exhaust the number of new species of which material
for description is in our hands. Mr. Craib has recently completed
an exhaustive study of the Section Petiolaris, and description

by him of eleven new species will appear shortly in these “ Notes.”
Many of the species described here are in cultivation, and the
following have flowered :—P. aerinantha, anisodora, brevicula,
cardiophylla, conica, crispa, crispata, helodoxa, lacteocapitata,
Menziesiana, Mooreana, pseudocapitata, pulvinata, redolens,
Reginella, Roylei, vernicosa. Of those most recently introduced
are :--P. helodoxa-of the Candelabras with bright yellow flowers :
P. anisodora of the same Section but too like an Auricula in
flower for its own sake as a garden plant but with potentialities
for crossing; P. minor and P. brevicula of the Pulchella series
are neat dwarf plants and will be valuable in the garden when
we learn how in our climate to save them from the collar rot
which seems to attack more or less all species that have a
Nivalis ancestry ; P. pulvinata and P. redolens are, I fear, likely
to be difficult in the open as is their relative P. Forrestii: of
the three Muscarioids, P. aertnantha, P. conica, and P. Menzies-
tana, the last named is, I think, one of the most charming of its
Section—a Section containing many delightful species which if
treated as biennials well reward the care bestowed upon them;
P. Reginella is like a miniature P. tibetica.

ae

a d
gee

aur et, Fhe

Vol. 1X. [FOR OFFICIAL USE.] Numbers XLIV_-XLV.

NOTES

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN,
EDINBURGH.
JUNE 1916.
CONTENTS. :
New Species of Rhododendron. By Professor Bayley ih
Balfour, F.R.S. é : ; . +2 ee

Title (with date of publication of separate numbers), and
List of Contents, Vol. IX.

EDINBURGH: ee

PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S
STATIONERY OFFICE

Br NEILL & CO., LIMITED,
+: 212 CAUSEWAYSI IDE.

“SOLD AT THE GARDEN s
sed, either directly or through any Bookseller, fr
TION RY nog Senate BRaNc#),

NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

BY

PRoFEssorR BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R:S.

I.

THE fifty species described here are :—
Rhododendron achroanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 208.

[Notes, R.B.

G., Edin.

?

acraium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p- 209

drum
euchroum, Balf. f. et Ward, p. 228.
ischrum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 229.

hedyosmum, Balf. 3: :
hippophaeoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 236.

pan Balf
.platyphyllum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 259.
V, June 1916.] &
Gp. 10.

Wt. 4138/89—375—1/17—N. & Co., Ltd.

208 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron praeclarum, Balf. f. et Farrer, p. 261.
ce praestans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 263.
es proteoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 264.

i ravum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 270.
ce scintillans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 271.
sin :

ae - » eae. £ 2

ae sino-grande, Balf. f. et W. W , Pp. 274
a sphaeranthum, Balf. f.et W. W.Sm., p. 278
= tapetiforme, Balf. f. et Ward, Pp. 279

so telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., Dp. 280.
aA theiochroum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., p. 282.

yer? Rhododendron achroanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffrutex ad 6 dm. altus parvifolius multiramosus. Ramuli
stricti annui subvirgati ad 2 cm. longi annotini circ. 1.5 mm.
diam. squamulis peltatis fuscis por iginosiseniores nigricantes mox
decorticantes. Alabastrorum parvulorum oblongorum perulae
paucae externae ovatae dense ferrugineo-lepidotae internae mem-_
branaceae oblongae obtusae lepidotae et ciliatae. Folia circ.
1.6 cm. longa petiolata; lamina coriacea crassa elliptica circ.
1.3 cm. longa circ. 8 mm. lata apice rotundata mucrone ver-
ruculoso parvulo margine leviter revoluta basi obtusa vel late

occultis ; petiolus circ. 2.5 mm. longus fusco-lepidotus. Flores
in umbellam ter i

deciduae ;_ pedicelli

- I.2 cm. longae tubus
- 5 mm. longus extus lepidotus intus
breviter puberulus, lobi oblongi apice rotundati margine undulati
extus albo-lepidoti. Stamina 5 (nunc 6) corolla longiora fila-
mentis purpureis ad faucem corollae supra Ovarium dense albo-
villosis. Ovarium ovoideum albido-pilosum et squamulis paucis:

BaALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 209

flavescentibus ad verticem praeditum ; stylus basi plus minusve
pilosus purpureus corollam et stamina longe superans ; stigma
discoideum atro-purpureum lobulatum.

Planta Rh. rupicolo, W. W. Sm. valde affinis forsanque illius
microforma, corolla roseo-purpurea, staminibus plerumque 5,
ovario ex toto albido-piloso diversa.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat.
27° 30’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers
dull deep magenta red. On open cliffs. G. Forrest. No.
12,581. July ror.

This species is recognisable at sight from RA. rupicolum,
W. W. Sm., its close ally, by the paler colour of the flowers.
In habit and foliage the two plants are alike. Rh. achroanthum
has commonly 5 stamens—in only one flower, to be sure
there are but few flowers altogether on the specimens, have I
found 6—whilst Rh. rupicolum has 10. A difference in the
ovaries of the two plants seemed at first to be most distinctive,
but it may not have this importance. In Rh. achroanthum
the ovary is grey in colour, being coated to the top with adpressed
hairs ; only at the summit are to be found a few lepidote scales
amongst the hairs. In Rh. rupicolum the ovary in the upper
two-thirds is densely lepidote and only the basal part has
adpressed hairs. The general aspect of the plants suggests
Rh. achroanthum as being only a variety of Rh. rupicolum, and
it may be so, but the flower colour is very characteristic.

See also p. 299.

4g Rhododendron acraium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Fruticulus aromaticus parvifolius ad 1.5 m. altus breviter
verticillatim ramosus. Ramuli annui breves ad 2 ¢m. longi
hornotini dense citrino-lepidoti annotini 1.5 mm. diam. fulvi
dense porriginosi seniores grisei nigro-tuberculati perulis persis-
tentibus haud vestiti deinde decorticantes. Alabastrorum oblon-
gorum acutorum vel obtusorum perulae mox deciduae externae
coriaceae ovatae carinatae mucronulatae fulvae dorso lepidotae
apicem versus subciliatae intus puberulae ad 4 mm. longae
interiores subspathulatae submembranaceae flavidae carinatae
apice rotundatae extus lepidotae intus puberulae margine
hirsuto-ciliatae ad 8 mm. Jongae ad 2 mm. latae. Folia petio-
lata vix ad 2 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblonga vel
oblongo-elliptica circ. 1.5 cm. longa 8 mm. lata apice mucrone
corneo recto terminata margine revoluta stipitum squamarumque
vestigiis notata basi obtusa nec cordulata supra atro-viridis
plana (costa media subsulcata caeteroquin venarum reti occulto)
Squamarum juvenilium vestigiis siccis subasperata (in juventute
pagina margineque citrino-lepidotis esetulosis) infra fulva (in

210 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

juventute dense citrino-lepidota) porriginosa squamis peltatis
inaequaliter stipitatis longioribus prolatis concoloribus umbone
convexo plus minusve erubescente institaque late fimbriata
praeditis (nunc paucis intensius coloratis punctiformibus) stratum.
superficiale supra squamas inferas plurimas incoloratas con-
struentibus costa media vix apparente; petiolus ad 4 mm
longus furfuraceo-lepidotus. Flores albi in umbellam parvam
capituliformem circ. 8-floram rhachi puberula et lepidota dis-
positi; bracteae steriles coriaceae late ovatae carinatae obtusae
extus fulvae dorso plus minusve lepidotae margine minute
ciliatae mucronulatae ad 5 mm. longae fertiles subramentaceae
obovato- “spathulatae circ. 7 mm. longae 3.5 mm. latae extus
lepidotae margine apiceque ciliatae intus puberulae ; prophylla
membranacea subspathulata calyci aequilonga minute ciliata
dorso lepidota circ. 6 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata; pedicelli circ.
3 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx circ. 4 mm. longus ad basim fissus
lobis 5 inaequalibus oblongis obtusis vel subtruncatis erosis circ.
2 mm. latis nunc per paria connatis viridibus membranaceis
dorso margineque lepidotis eciliatis vel rarissime ciliis paucis ad
apicem praeditis intus glabris. Corollae tenuis 1. 4 cm. longae
obliquae tubus circ. 6 mm. longus extus glaber intus villosulus
in limbum antice subrepandum postice suberectum sursum
explanatus lobis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis rotundatis lobulato-
crenulatis maximo circ. 6 mm. diam. Stamina inclusa circ.
5 mm. longa filamentis supra basin incrassatis rau
antheris oblongis circ. 1.5 mm. longis. Ovarium 5-lobatu
circ. I.5 mm. longum dense flavido-lepidotum ; stylus vix I mm.
longus clavatus stigmate lobato coronatus.

Species Rh. cephalanthoidi, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis sed
foliis juvenilibus esetulosis, adultis minoribus, indumento sub-
foliari adulto compactiore, alabastrorum perulis brevioribus
angustioribus, calycis lobis eciliatis vel ad apicem pilis paucis
praeditis, corolla breviore tenui haud succulenta extus glabra
recedens.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Alt. 12,000-
13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 35’ N. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers white.
Foliage aromatic. Open cliffs and amongst boulders. G.
Forrest. No. 10,652. July 1913.

This oo plant is a near ally of Rh. cephalanthoides,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., yet is different. The more close set in-
dome on the under-leaf surface is characteristic, and of
other distinguishing features the smaller corolla of thin texture

and glabrous outside is easily observed.

See also p. 315.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 2Ir

yoo Rhododendron adenophorum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex ad 2.5 m. altus. Rami juveniles circ. 5 mm. diam.
tomento lanato denso ochraceo glandulisque clavatis rubi-
ginosis intermixtis obsiti vetustiores tomenti vestigiis griseis
glandulisque verruculosis nigrescentibus notati. Alabastrorum
oblongorum fulvidorum perulae glandulis plus minusve obtectae
ciliatae viscidae gradatim ab externis parvis ovatis carinatis
coriaceis breviter apiculatis per intermedias subrotundatas ad
internas subspathulatas elongatas submembranaceas mutantes.
Folia petiolata ad 13 cm. longa; lamina ad 10 cm. longa ad
4 cm. lata crasse coriacea lanceolata vel late lanceolata vel -
oblonga breviter acuminata margine paullo revoluta basi cordu-
lata juvenilis utrinque flavido-lanato-tomentosa adulta supra
atroviridis costae mediae sulco profundo tomento glandulisque
obducto nervis primariis vix impressis caeteroquin reticulato-
areolata areolis convexis glandulis stipitatis brevibus vel lon-
gioribus plus minusve vestita et nitenti-viscidula subtus cinna-
momea vel fulva costa media prominula venis primariis occultis
ubique pilorum longorum fasciatim a basi communi orientium
ramosorum curvatorum strato uniformi haud - scintillante
crasso tomentoso lanato obtecta; petiolus circ. 2 cm. longus
laminae more tomentosus glandulosusque. Flores plures um-
bellam laxam formantes ; bracteae rufo-glanduloso-tomentosae ;
pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi dense glanduloso- et rufo-tomentosi sub
fructu vix elongati. Calyx fere ad basim 5-lobatus lobis circ.
I cm. longis 5 mm. latis oblongo-ellipticis submembranaceis
glandulosis. Corolla rosea infundibuliformis circ. 3.5 cm. longa,
tubo circ. 2.5 cm. longo intus glanduloso-puberulo, lobis 5
rotundatis emarginatis. Stamina Io corolla breviora filamentis
basim versus glandulosis. Ovarium glandulis clavatis dense
obtectum viscidissimum; stylus corolla staminibusque vix
longior in triente infimo glandulosus ; stigma expansum lobatum.
Capsula recta circ. 2 cm. longa 0.75 mm. lata nigra glandu-
larum vestigiis verruculosa.

Species in serie Rh. adenogyni, Diels ramis_petiolisque
tomentoso-glandulosis, indumenti forma distinguenda.

unnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Lat. 27° 45’ N.- Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers?
On rocks and stony pasture. G. Forrest. No. 10,429. July

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat.
27. 45’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 4-8 ft. Flowers rose,
with very few markings. Open situations on pasture and
ledges of limestone cliffs. G. Forrest. No. 10,649. July ee

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 30’
N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers rose. Open

212 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

situations on the margins of pine forests. G. Forrest. No.
12,713. July 1914.

Rh. adenogynum, Diels was the species first described of an
aggregate of forms characterised by a thick buff-coloured or
rufous uniform mat tomentum on the under side of the leaves,
by a calyx with relatively large lobes—about 1 cm. long—
and by an ovary and style bearing clavate glands. It may
be taken as the central form. Rh. adenophorum, here described
as a member of the aggregate, is distinguished by the viscidity
of its buds, by the admixture of clavate red glands with
tomentum on the young shoots and leaf petioles, by the long
glands scattered over the upper leaf-surface, by the long-stalked
glands upon the flower pedicels.

yas Rhododendron agapetum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Arbor parva ad 6 m. alta ramis contortis nudis. Ramuli
annotini nigricantes setulis glandulosis et pilis stipitatis apice
radiatim ramosis obtecti, vetustiores sordide cinerei esetulosi
epilosi decorticantes. Folia petiolata ad 20 cm. longa ; lamina
crasse coriacea oblonga ad 15 cm. longa ad 5.5 cm. lata apice
obtusa tuberculata margine cartilaginea translucens esetulosa
(in juventute dense setulosa) obscure undulata basi obtusa
matura supra atro-viridis costa media sulcata caeteroquin laevis
pilorum juvenilium vestigiis plus minusve conspersa subtus
pallidior fulva pilis laxe ramosissimis dendriformibus primo
ubique dense tomentosa deinde plus minusve glabrescens pilis
floccosim deciduis costa media elevata erubescente venis
primariis utrinsecus circ. 18 paullo elevatis erubescentibus
caeteroquin laevis venis ultimis areolato-reticulata et pilorum
delapsorum vestigiis minute punctulata ; petiolus circ. 3 cm.
longus setulis pilisque plus minusve indutus glabrescens. Flores
(circ. 10) racemoso-umbellati rhachi setulosa et pilosa; bracteae
mox deciduae ; pedicelli circ. 1.3 cm. longi dense breviterque
glanduloso-setulosi. Calyx subobsoletus cupuliformis margine

Corolla coccinea circ. 4.5 cm. longa infundibuliformis extus
intusque glabra sursum ampliata in lobos 5 orbiculares
circ. 1.6 cm. diam. margine subcrenulatos divisa. Stamina 10
inaequalia majora tubo corollino paullo longiora filamentis
deorsum complanatis dilatatis per dimidium inferum puberulis
glandulosisque antheris nigro-purpureis circ. 3 mm. longis.
Ovarium lobatum conoideum dense glanduloso - setulosum et
pilis subdendriformibus praeditum circ. 7 mm. longum basi
dense pubescens ; stylus staminibus paullo longior corollam
subaequans basi glanduloso-setulosus et pilis paucis stipitatis

BaLFouR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 213

radiatim ramosis conspersus ad apicem expansus et stigmate
lobato coronatus.

Species ad seriem Rh. barbati, Hook. f. pertinens foliis subtus
pilis ramosis floccosim detersilibus praeditis, calyce subobsoleto,
staminum filamentis puberulis, ovario styloque setuloso et piloso
distinguenda.

E. Upper Burma. Hpimaw. Scraggy tree of 15-20 ft. On
steep limestone cliffs in half shade of gully at 6000-7000 ft.
Flowers crimson scarlet. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 1851.
31st July r9r4.

A species of the Barbatum series, and from Kingdon Ward’s
description of the flower-colour a desirable one for cultivation.
The plant finds its nearest ally apparently in Rh. Smithii, Nutt.,
a Bhutan species introduced by Mr. Booth which flowered in
Britain in 1859 for the first time. This RA. Smithii is quite
a good species and is figured in the Bot. Magazine for 1859, t
5120. It is one of the most frequent plants met with in gardens
under the name RA. barbatum, Wall. Mr. C. B. Clarke * placed
Rh. Smitha as a variety of Rh. barbatum. That he went so far
as to allow to the plant this varietal rank whilst sinking in Rh.
barbatum the Rh. lanctfolium, Hook. f. goes far to confirm its
specific distinctness. Ward’s plant has the characteristic dendri-
form hairs of the tomentum of the Barbatum series, and they
fall from the leaf under-surface after the fashion of those in
Rh. Smithti. To be sure the flower pedicels are much longer
than in Rh. Smithit and the flowers are larger than in any
Himalayan form of the series, but the plant is a good member
of this alliance, and has the special interest from the standpoint
of geographical distribution that it adds to the considerable
body of evidence that is now accumulating which shows that
the connection of the flora of East Upper Burma and South-West
Yunnan with that of the Eastern Himalaya is closer than with
the flora of North-West Yunnan and Szechwan. Of West
Chinese species Rh. habrotrichum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. is the
nearest known ally of Rh. agapetum.

ugar Rhododendron argipeplum, Balf. f. et Cooper.

Frutex circ. 2m.altus. Ramuli hornotini pallide virides setis
atro-purpureis ad 8 mm. longis eglandulosis intertextis glandulis-
que intermediis brevibus praediti vetustiores gradatim glabres-
centes deinde cinerei decorticantes. Alabastrorum perulae ful-
vidae rotundatae vel late ovatae crustaceae saepe emarginatae
cire. 8 mm. longae annos plures persistentes extus viscidae. Folia
ad 14 cm. longa petiolata ; lamina oblonga ad 12 cm. longa ad
5-5 cm. lata apice abrupte acuminata tuberculo corneo terminata

* Clarke in Flor. Brit. Ind. iii (1882), 460.

4

r

214 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

margine cartilaginea pedibus setarum delapsarum asperata basi
angustata cordulata lobis subrotundatis supra viridis (costa media
venisque primariis utrinsecus circa 14 sulcatis setulis pilisque
plus minusve indutis caeteroquin venarum reti_ occulto)
pilorum vestigiis sparse conspersa subtus dense albido-tomentosa
indumenti pilis longe tenuiter stipitatis ramos delicatissimos
vesiculosos plurimos patentes intricatim intertextos ad apicem
gerentibus et stratum folii paginam venarum reti elevato cinna-
momeo notatam obtegens facientibus ; petiolus dense longeque
strigillosus circ. 1.5 cm. longus. Flores ad ro in umbellam
racemose dispositi; bracteae externae ovato - rotundatae
crustaceae viscidae fertiles oblongo-spathulatae circ. I.5 cm.
longae extus et intus apicem versus sericeae ; prophylla linearia
circ. 7 mm. longa sericea; pedicelli erubescentes circ. 8 mm.
longi breviter glanduloso-setulosi. Calyx poculiformis circ.
5 mm. longus ultra medium fissus cupula brevissima glanduloso-
setulosa lobis 5 late ovatis vel subrotundatis obtusis extus
glabris vel hinc et illinc rubro-glanduloso-setulosis. Corolla
circ. 3. 5.cm. longa infundibuliformis extus plus minusve puberula
supra in limbum 5-lobatum ampliata lobis inaequalibus rotun-
datis emarginatis maximo circ. I cm. longo circ. 1.7 cm. lato.
Stamina Io inaequalia longissima circ. 2.3 cm. longa filamentis
glabris antheris subglobosis circ. 2 mm. longis. Ovarium glan-
duloso-setulosum stylo glabro. Capsula paullo curvata ex apice
pedicelli oblique oriens dense glanduloso-setulosa circ. 2 cm.
longa 5mm.lata. Semina oblonga circ. 2 mm. longa complanata
ad extremitates carnoso-carunculata ala laterali praedita.

Species strigillosa ex affinitate Rh. Smithii, Nutt. folii indu-
mento albido-persistente distinguenda.

Bhutan. Pumthang. 6’ bush under Abies. Flowers dried.
White lining under leaf. Alt. 11,000. R.E. Cooper. No. 4115.
5th July 1915.

The young fruiting specimens collected by Mr. Cooper show
some dried flowers which have sufficed for the foregoing descrip-
tion, which isincomplete. There is no doubt about the distinct-
ness of the plant as a species. Amongst other strigillose Hima-
layan .Rhododendrons—RA. barbatum, Wall., Rh. lancifolium,
Hook. f., and Rh. Smithii, Nutt—Mr. Cooper’s plant finds in
Rh. Smithii its likest form, but the white indumentum is not
deciduous in flocks as in that species.

Rhododendron basilicum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Frutex vel arbuscula ad g m.alta. Rami ultimi crassi I cm.

ovatae acuminatae tomentosae. Folia magna petiolata

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 215

ad 25 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea ad 22 cm. longa ad
13 cm. lata obovata apice rotundata retusa mucronulata margine
vix revoluta basi obtusa haud cordulata supra atro-viridis
costa media sulcata venis primariis utrinsecus ad 15 impressis
caeteroquin laevis in morem squali corii leviter rugulosa et
glabra sed tamen hic illic vestigiis tomenti juvenilis notata
infra costa media venisque primariis elevatis ubique indumento
duplice vestita superstrato uniformi cinnamomeo subporriginoso
haud scintillante e squamulis pluricellularibus stipitatis infundi-
buliformibus (?) fimbriatis constructo substrato albido scintillante
floccifero e pilis latis brevibus vacuis vesiculosis ; petiolus ad
3-5 cm. longus validus purpureo-niger porriginosus. Inflores-
centia magna racemoso-corymbosa 25-flora rhachi cinnamomeo-
tomentosa; bracteae fertiles oblongae mucronulatae ad 3.5
cm. longae 1 cm. latae extus et superne intus sericeae ; pedicelli
ad 3 cm. longi pallide tomentosi sub calyce oblique: expansi
eglandulosi. Calyx tomentosus lobis inaequalibus plus minusve
triangularibus circ. 3 mm. longis. Corolla late campanulata
subobliqua carnosula pallide flava basi rubro-maculata circ.
3-5 cm. longa, tubo circ. 2.5 cm. longo intus glabro lobis rotun-
datis emarginatis circ. 1.5 cm. longis. Stamina 16 inclusa
filamentis vix puberulis. Ovarium ovoideum sursum angusta-
tum sulcatum pilis longis filiformibus tortuosis ferruginosis
fasciatis dense tomentosum eglandulosum ; stylus glaber stamini-
bus longior corollam subaequans ; stigma discoideum lobulatum.
Capsula stricta vel leviter curvata ad 2 cm. longa 5 mm. lata
dense rufo-tomentosa. Semina spadicea complanata ad 2 mm.
longa anguste membranaceo-arillata.

‘Species magnifica a Rh. lacteo, Franch, longe distans, forsan
Rh. fictolacteo, Balf. f. affinis sed foliorum ovariique indumento,
floribus flavis bene distincta.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween Divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.
11,000 ft. Shrub of 10-20 ft. Flowers fleshy pale yellow. In
Rhododendron thickets. G. Forrest. No. 12,078. June
1913.

Yunnan. Western flank of the Shweli-Salween Divide.
Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. ro,000-11,000 ft. Shrub of 20-30 ft.
Flowers deep crimson. In Rhododendron forest. G. Forrest.
No. 8990. August 1910.

A beautiful large-leaved yellow-flowered species with red
blotches at the base of the corolla. The general form of the
foliage is that of Rh. jictolacteum, Balf. f., but the indumentum
of the leaves as well as of the ovaries is quite different.

4954

216 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron cephalanthoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. cephalanthum, Diels non Franch. in Notes, R.B.G.,
Edin., vii (1912), 105.

Fruticulus aromaticus parvifolius ad 1.5 m. altus subdicho-
tome et breviter et tortuose ramosus. Ramuli hornotini dense
citrino-lepidoti circ. 1 mm. diam. annotini fulvi stipitibus squa-
mularum decapitatarum albido-scabridi deinde nigro-scabridi
tandem grisei decorticantes. Alabastrorum parvulorum perulae
mox deciduae exteriores ovatae carinatae apiculatae fulvae ad
6 mm. longae dorso lepidotae margine apicem versus minutissime
ciliolatae intus adpresso-puberulae interiores membranaceae
obovato-spathulatae flavidae vix carinatae obtusae margine
subsetuloso-ciliatae ad 1 cm. longae 5 mm. latae. Folia petiolata
ad 2 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblonga vel oblongo-
elliptica vel elliptica ad 1.8 cm. longa 8 mm. lata apice obtusa
breviter vel longe corneo-mucronulata nunc emarginatim recur-
vata margine revoluta setularum squamarumque pedibus plus
minusve punctulata (in juventute setulis sparsis et squamis
fimbriata) basi obtusa nec cordulata supra atro-viridis plana (costa
media sulcata caeteroquin venarum reti occulto) squamarum
peltatarum juvenilium vestigiis siccis subasperata (in juventute
squamis citrinis ubique obtecta) infra fulva porriginosa squamis
peltatis concoloribus longius et brevius stipitatis ex umbone
convexo plus minusve rubescente institaque late fimbriata
aedificatis longioribus stratum superum construentibus costa
media elevata straminea ; petiolus ad 5 mm. longus lepidotus.
Flores albi fragrantes in umbellam parvam capituliformem
circ. 10-floram rhachi sparsim puberula congesti; bracteae
steriles coriaceae late ovatae carinatae apiculatae fulvae dotso
lepidotae margine praecipue apicem versus sublanatim ciliatae
intus puberulae ad 6 mm. longae fertiles submembranaceae
obovato-spathulatae vel obovatae circ. 8 cm. longae 5 mm. latae
extus lepidotae margine longe ciliatae intus puberulae ; pro-
phylla circ. 7 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata calyce paullo breviora
anguste spathulata dorso lepidota margine ad basim lepidota
supra breviter ciliata; pedicellicirc. 3 mm. longi sparse lepidoti.
Calyx late campanulatus ad 6 mm. longus fere ad basim sub-
aequaliter quinquelobatus lobis ellipticis vel oblongis apice obtusis
vel rotundatis sub-erosis et pilis longis contortis plurimis vel paucis
ciliatis ad 4 mm. latis viridibus membranaceis dorso lepidotis
intus glabris. Corollae carnosulae circ. 1.8 cm. longae obliquae
tubus circ. I cm. longus extus puberulus intus villosus in limbum
parvum antice patentem postice suberectum elongatus lobis
5 subaequalibus imbricatis rotundatis crenulatis circ. 5 mm.
diam. Stamina 5 inclusa circ. 6 mm. longa filamentis supra
basim incrassatis glabris antheris oblongis circ. 1.5 mm. longis.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 217

Ovarium 5-lobatum conoideum circ. 1.5 mm. longum dense
flavido-lepidotum ;_ stylus vix 0.75 mm. longus claviformis
stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species cum Rh. cephalantho, Franch. olim confusa sed valde
diversa et notis sequentibus facile distinguenda :—alabastrorum
perulis late ovatis obtusis mox deciduis nec acuminatis persis-
tentibus, foliis minoribus, prophyllis bracteisque haud _ villosis
calycem subaequantibus, corollae tubo extus puberulo.

Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Alt.
II,000-11,500 ft. Lat. 27° 10’ N. Branched shrub of 2-4
ft. Flowers white, fragrant. Dry ledges of limestone cliffs.
G. Forrest. No. 2182. May 1906

Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Alt. 11,000-
12,000 ft. Lat. 27° 25’ N. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers white,
foliage fragrant with a resinous odour. Limestone cliffs and
humus-covered boulders. G. Forrest. No. 5866. May Igro.

This Lichiang plant in No. 2182 was referred by Diels *
to Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. But it is very different from
that species. At a glance one notices the absence of the per-
sistent foliage-bud scale-leaves on the branches so characteristic of
Rh. cephalanthum, and the shape of the scale-leaves broadly ovate
blunt with a mucro in Rh. cephalanthoides and narrow long
sharply pointed in Rh. cephalanthum is an obvious diagnostic
mark.

Rh. acraium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. of the Chungtien Plateau
(Forrest No. 10,652) isa much nearer ally, but it wants the scabrid
branches and has a smaller corolla not puberulous outside.

Forrest has two specimens from the Lichiang Range which
resemble closely Rh. cephalanthoides, described above, from the
Eastern flank of the same range. The labels on Forrest’s speci-

Yunnan. Western flank of the Lichiang Range. Alt.
12,000 ft. Lat. 27°25’ N. Symmetrically shaped shrub of 2-6 ft.
Flowers white, foliage aromatic. Amongst rocks on alpine
meadows. G. Forrest. No. 5878. June r1gto.

Yunnan. Lichiang Range. Alt. 13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 25’ N.
G. Forrest. No. 10,312. June 1913.

Although the second ticket does not bear ‘‘ Western flank,”
Mr. Forrest believes it is from that station. I record this,
for the details of structure do not quite conform. There are
minor differences in flower structure between Forrest’s Nos.
5878, 10,312 and Rh. cephalanthoides, but we do not know enough
about these plants to enable us to fix specific limits, and may
regard them meanwhile as forms of Rh. cephalanthoides. The
occurrence of allied species showing slight differences is to be

* Diels in Notes R.B.G., Edin., vii (1912), 165.

ve?

218 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

expected in the floras of the Eastern and Western flanks of a
range like that of the Lichiang corresponding with the drier and
wetter climatic conditions of the flanks respectively.

The Szechwan plant named Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. by
Rehder and Wilson is not Franchet’s species. It is nearer to
Rh. cephalanthoides and Rh. acraium. Rh. cephalanthum is a
Yunnan plant restricted as we know it to the Tali Range.

See also p. 316.

Rhododendron chamaetortum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Suffrutex nanus ramosissimus late patens ad I5 cm. altus
parvifolius. Ramuli breves annotini fusco-rufi squamis peltatis
rubiginosis longe breviterque stipitatis dense obtecti nunc
stipitibus squamarum longarum decapitatarum setuloso-pubes-
centes vetustiores grisei (fungorum mycelio nigro plerumque
pubescentes) mox decorticantes. Alabastrorum elongatorum
acutorum perulae angustae a basi lanceolatae acutae vel acumi-
natae nervo medio carinatae fusco-rufae lepidotae eciliatae
serius lignescentes per annos plures persistentes. Folia

atro-viridis squamarum peltatarum vestigls conspersis subas-

margine delicatim ciliatae interiores obovatae obtusae cucullatae
extus molliter puberulae vix lepidotae margine pilis contortis
ciliatae circ. 6 mm. longae 4 mm. latae saepe ad apicem

circ. 7 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata calyce breviora dorso puberula
sparse lepidota margine lanato-ciliata; pedicelli inaequales
supremi ad 5.5 mm. longi puberuli et lepidoti. Calyx rubidus
fere ad basim in lobos 5 fissus cupula extus puberula lobis tenuiter
membranaceis extus intusque glabris vel luteo-lepidotis margine
flavido-lepidotis pilis paucis nunc ciliatis inaequalibus lobo
antico minimo circ. 4 mm. longo 2 mm. lato oblongo lobis
postero-lateralibus maximis saepe connatis ad 5 mm. longis.
Corollae obliquae circ. 1.2 cm. longae tubus ab* axe curvatus

Pilate
Yodd

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 219

antice circ. 5 mm. longus extus glaber intus praecipue ad faucem
villosulus, limbi explanati lobi rotundati vel orbiculares circ.
6 mm. diam. minute crenulati. Stamina 5 tubum corollinum
antice subaequantia circ. 5 mm. longa filamentis deorsum dilatatis
glabris, antheris oblongis aurantiacis. Ovarium circ. 1.5. mm.
longum ovoideum 5-lobatum plus minusve lepidotum viscidum ;
stylus porphyreus ovarium subaequans glaber sursum clavatim
dilatatus et stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species alabastrorum perulis persistentibus, inflorescentiae
rhachi puberula, pedicellis puberulis et lepidotis, corolla pallide
rosea, staminum filamentis glabris notisque aliis facile recognos-
cenda.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Ka-gwr-pw glacier valley. 15,000 ft.
Dwarf, forming carpet 6 ins. high. Flowers pink. F. Kingdon
Ward. No. 431. June 1913.

This delightful alpine shrub belongs to the Cephalanthum
series. Its dense trusses of pink flowers evidently produced in
numbers upon the close carpet of green vegetative shoots must
be a pleasing sight, and one hopes that Mr. Ward may have

obtained seed of the plant. In the series of which Rh. cephalan-

thum, Franch. as the oldest described species is the centre there
is no species for which Rh. chamaetortum can be mistaken. The
indumentum of the leaf under-surface is marked by the compact-
ness of the upper stratum of disks of the peltate scales, and these
are broad and show clearly their structure to superficial examina-
tion. The colour of indumentum recalls Rh. gymnomiscum,
Balf. f. et Ward and Rh. nwaiense, Balf. f. et Ward, both of which
are yellow-flowered species.
See also p. 315

Rhododendron chryseum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Suffrutex nanus parvifolius ramosissimus. Ramuli annotini
circ. I mm. diam. squamis sanguineo- -rufis dense furfuracei
vetustiores mox glabrescentes cinerei decorticantes. Alabastro-
rum parvorum oblongo-fusiformium perulae parvae extus rufae
lepidotae intus stramineae acutae eciliatae. Folia crasse coriacea
ad 1.5 cm. longa breviter petiolata; lamina oblonga vel sub-
obovata ad 1.3 cm. longa 5 mm. lata rotundata apice integra vel
emarginata mucronulata margine integra leviter recurvata basi
cuneata supra atro-viridis squamis peltatis impressis sucino-
nitentibus contiguis uniformiter induta costa media sulcata
caeteroquin plana, subtus pallidior squamis rufescentibus et
pallide viridibus intermixtis fere contiguis vestita intervallis
minutis glaucis costa media paullo elevata squamosa venarum
reti ultimo occulto ; petiolus ad 3 mm. longus lepidotus. Flores
aurei in umbellas subsessiles ad 6-floras terminales aggregati

220 BALFouR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

rhachi lepidota ; bracteae fulvae late ovatae vel subrotundatae
ad 6 mm. longae apiculatae margine breviter ciliatae dorso
lepidotae mox deciduae; prophylla ramentacea lineari-clavi-
formia ad 5 mm. longa eciliata vel ad apicem parce ciliata
calyce breviora ; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi dense furfuraceo-
lepidoti. Calyx circ. 4 mm. longus in lobos 5 inaequales fere ad
basim fissus viridis cupula dense lepidota et saepe erubescente
lobis oblongis vel ovatis vel ellipticis apice acutis vel obtusis
vel rotundatis et erosis saepe per paria connatis dorso dense
lepidotis intus puberulis margine lepidoto-fimbriatis et praecipue
apicem versus sparsim setulosis. Corolla aurea ad 1.3 cm.
longa tubo brevi circ. 2.5 mm. longo extus glabro intus praecipue
ad faucem albo-villosulo in limbum late infundibuliformem
5-lobatum ampliato lobis oblongis circ. 1 cm. longis circ. 6 mm.
latis dorso nitenti-lepidotis margine minute crenulato-denti-
culatis. Stamina 5 corollam subaequantia filamentis validis
intra tubum corollinum complanatis et supra basim floccoso-
villosulis superne glabris fulvis antheris fuscis. Ovarium sub-
conoideum lobatum circ. 2 mm. longum squamis viscidis lepi-
dotum ; stylus exsertus stamina breviter superans validus basi
plus minusve puberulus ; stigma discoideum lobulatum.

Species Rh. flavido, Franch. valde affinis indumento densiore,
inflorescentia ad 6-flora, corolla extus densius lepidota, stamini-
bus 5, stylo stamina aequante basi puberulo facile distinguenda.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Ka-gwr-pw glacier valley. 13,000—
15,000 ft. Dwarf. Yellow. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 540.
June I912; 13,000-14,000 ft. Dwarf. Granite screes. F.
Kingdon Ward. No. 577. 27th June 1913.

“A species of the Lapponicum series. This the Yunnan
form of the Szechwan Rh. flavidum, Franch. is readily distin-
guishable from that species. The indumentum of the under side
of the leaf has many more scales which are set much closer upon
the greyish surface, and the scales are bicolour, about one-half
dark brown, one-half pale green, equally intermixed ; the inflor-
escence is larger and so are the flowers ; the corolla is copiously
lepidote outside, not sparingly so or not at all as in Rh. favidum,
and then there are only 5 stamens—apparently constantly. The
style is shorter and is puberulous at the base. Rehder and Wilson
describe Rh. flaviduwm, Franch. var. pstlostylum, which they
separate from Rh. flavidum, Franch. by its duller green leaves,

lepidote flowers, smaller calyx, glabrous style, smaller and more
_ globose fruits. Ward’s plant is not this variety, two of the given
characters of which seem not valid—the lepidote flower and the
glabrous style—both of these I find in Franchet’s type.
also p. 299.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 221

u@o\ Rhododendron clivicolum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex aromaticus parvifolius ad 1.5 m. altus ramosissimus
saepe virgatus. Ramuli hornotini flavido-lepidoti subviscidi
annotini circ. 2 mm. diam. fulvi indumento compacto e squamis
peltatis stipitatis et stipitibus setulosis squamarum decapitatarum
constructo obtecti vetustiores cinerei decorticantes. Alabastro-
rum parvorum oblongorum perulae deciduae paucae externae
fuscae ovatae vel ellipticae coriaceae extus lepidotae margine
minutissime ciliatae circ. 3 mm. longae interiores membranaceae
spathulatae circ. 7 mm. longae 3 mm. latae extus dense lepidotae
et puberulae superne ciliatae. Folia crasse coriacea ad 3 cm.
longa petiolata ; lamina oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga vel elliptica
ad 2.5. cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata mucronulata margine asperata
basi obtusa vel late subcuneata supra atro-viridis squamarum
juvenilium vestigiis minutis pulverulenta costa media sulcata
caeteroquin paullo reticulatim rugulosa subtus spadiceo-brunnea
squamis peltatis contiguis parvis breviter stipitatis partim fuscis
partim albidis uniformiter induta sed hic et illic squama singula
majore intensius colorata subpunctulata costa media elevata
primo omnino lepidota deinde plus minusve nuda straminea spar-
sim lepidota venis primariis plus minusve visibilibus ; lamina
juvenilis utrinque flavido-lepidota subtus intensius et squamis
magnis paucis viridibus conspersa margine sparse setulosa copiose
lepidota ; petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus fusco-lepidotus. Flores
tubo luteo limbo albo in umbellas capituliformes terminales
racemose aggregati inflorescentiae rhachi puberula; bracteae
mox deciduae; prophylla ramentacea subspathulata ad
8 mm. longa ad 2 mm. lata calycem aequantia ubique puberula
dorso lepidota margine ciliata ; pedicelli squamis magnis paucis
lepidoti circ. 4 mm. longi saepe purpurascentes. Calyx ad 4
mm. longus fere ad basim fissus viridis nunc purpurascens cupula
glabra lobis inaequalibus imbricatis foliaceis haud tenuiter
membranaceis opacis ovatis vel oblongis vel ellipticis apice
acutis vel obtusis vel subrotundatis vel truncatis nunc sub-
fimbriatim erosis dorso squamulis latis ubique lepidotis margine
pilis longis tortuosis ciliatis, post anthesin auctis a
longis. Corollae circ. 1.8 cm. longae extus omnino glabraé
subobliquae tubus longus antice 1 cm. longus intus villosulus
subcylindricus sursum paullo ampliatus et in lobos 5 rotundatos
met 3c = 6 mm. Cietate. Sapensas. Stamina 5 circ. 5 mm.
lo isd tis basim versus puberulis, antheris
oblongis Imm. longis. Ovarium circ. 1.5 mm. longum lobatum
dense flavido-lepidotum ; stylus circ. 0.75 mm. longus validus
clavatus ruber stigmate lobato coronatus.

Species Rh. anthopogonoidi, Maxim. valde affinis sed foliis
minoribus calyce elepidoto corolla multo longiore diversa.

ag (A

222 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Lat.27°45’N. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Foliage
aromatic. Flowers white tube yellow. On ledges of limestone
cliffs and rocky slopes. G. Forrest. No. 10,585. July 1913.

A species not far removed from Rh. anthopogonoides, Maxim.
but with smaller leaves and larger flowers, while the calyx in the
two species is very different. In Rh. clivicolum the lobes are
green, foliaceous not translucent, with large lepidote scales on
the back and apparently increasing much in size after flowering
is over. In Rh. anthopogonoides the calyx lobes are mem-
branous translucent and elepidote outside. Rh. cremnophilum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. is also an ally, being one of the Fragrans
series, but its smaller elliptic leaves and rose-coloured flowers
separate it

See also p. 293.

Rhododendron complexum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffrutex parvifolius intricatim ramosissimus. Ramuli
annui breves circ. 1.5 cm. longi hornotini ferrugineo-lepidoti
seniores nigricantes demum decorticantes. Alabastra parvula
circ. 2 mm. longa oblonga extus perulis paucis ferrugineo-lepi-
dotis crassis vestita. Folia crasse coriacea petiolata ad I cm.
longa ; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica ad 8.5 mm. longa
ad 4.5 mm, lata obtusa minute mucronulata margine vix revoluta
basi rotundata vel obtusa vel late cuneata supra atro-viridis
canescens squamis peltatis uniformibus fere contiguis persis-
tentibus adpressis (umbone depresso plus minusve flavescente
instita lata albida) induta subtus ferruginea subnitens squamis
uniformibus discontiguis persistentibus in foveolas immersis
umbone plus minusve resinoso-rubro institaque spadicea prae-
dita intervallis esquamosis pallide viridibus papillis epidermicis
ceriferis notatis; petiolus circ. 1.5 mm. longus ferrugineo-
lepidotus. Flores in umbellas congestas 3-floras terminales
conferti; bracteae steriles exteriores rotundatae crustaceae
brunneae in dorso medio lepidotae margine albo-ciliatae fertiles
membranaceae verruculosae subspathulatae apicem versus
lanato-ciliatae ;_ pedicelli vix 1 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx
minutus cupula dense lepidota purpurea lobis 5 inaequalibus
vel aequalibus duobus postero-lateralibus Maximis ovatis vel
rotundatis circ. I mm. longis dorso lepidotis vel elepidotis plus
minusve lanato-ciliatis purpureis. Corolla r.2cm. longa violacea
extus elepidota a basi infundibuliformis tubo circ. 6 mm. longo
intus supra ovarium pubescente sursum in limbum disco concavo
ampliatim expanso lobis circ. 7 mm. longis oblongo-ellipticis
undulatis. Stamina 5 stylo duplo longiora filamentis corollae
tubum vix excedentibus supra basim latam puberulis antheris

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 223

parvis ad basim loborum corollae exsertis. Ovarium in triente
inferiore laete viride et pilis paucis vestitum supra dense lepi-
dotum ; stylus brevis ovario paullo longior staminibus multo
brevior purpureus glaber; stigma atro-purpureum lobulatum.
Capsula circ. 3 mm. longa rufo-brunnea basi calyce inclusa
lepidota ab apice ad basim valvis 5 dehiscens.

Species Rh. intricato, Franch. similis sed foliis subtus fer-
rugineis squamis discontiguis uniformibus corollaque extus
elepidota notata.

Yunnan. Open stony pasture on the Chungtien plateau.
Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Matted shrub of 1-2 ft,
Flowers deep rose purple. G, Forrest. No. 12,520. June 1914.

An interesting species which shows us a stage somewhat inter-
mediate between the Lapponicum series and the Fragrans and
the Cephalanthum series. Rh. complexum by habit and indu-
mentum is one of the set within the Lapponicum series which
have truly discontiguous under-leaf indumentum with brown im-
pressed scales on a mat green ground, while the leaves are small,
dark green above, such as we find in Rh. impeditum, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm. and in Rh. scintillans, Balf. f£. et W. W. Sm. But
in flower it differs. The corolla tube is here elongated, much
ventricose at base, and the limb spreads out from it often nearly
flat. Within the long tube the stamens and style are concealed.
The anthers just reach to the mouth of the tube. The style
is much shorter than the stamens and only a little longer than
the ovary. The whole flower construction recalls Rh. intricatum,
Franch. where we find precisely the same relationships, but
in vegetative features Rh. intricatum is very different from Rh.
complexum. Its under-leaf indumentum is shining grey or
yellowish grey with contiguous scales, and the upper leaf surface,
owing to the scale vestiges, is somewhat hoary. The diver-
gence of flower character of which I speak has therefore taken
place more than once in the phyletic history of the series. I
have preferred to retain Rh. complexum as well as Rh. intricatum
in the Lapponicum series. Although they have a corolla so
different from that in the rest of the series it never develops
the copious beard of the Fragrans series and Cephalanthum
series. And then the under-leaf indumentum of Rh. complexum
is unknown in these other series, nor, indeed, is that of Rh. intrica-
tum found there although the resemblances are greater in its case.

See also p. 299.

Qo” Rhododendron cremnophilum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Suffrutex pumilus ad 6 dm. altus parvifolius tortuose ramosus.

.

Ramuli annui brevissimi circ. 5 mm. longi hornotini squamis
peltatis stipitatis citrinis lepidoti biennes fulvi triennes squamis
B

224 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

siccescentibus nigricantibus stipite conspicuo induti deinde grisel
squamarum decapitatarum stipitibus scabrido-setulosi decorti-
cantes. Alabastrorum oblongorum acutiusculorum perulae mox
deciduae externae ellipticae vel late ovatae vel ovato-rotundatae
circ. 3 mm. longae 2.5 mm. latae vix carinatae coriaceae fulvae
extus lepidotae margine minutissime ciliatae intus puberulae
interiores subspathulatae vel obovato-spathulatae membran-
aceae nervo medio prominulo obtusae ad 8 mm. longae 4 mm.
latae stramineae basi sucino-coloratae extus lepidotae margine
longe ciliatae intus puberulae. Folia ad 1.5 cm. longa breviter
petiolata ; lamina crasse coriacea elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica
ad 1.2 cm. longa 9 mm. lata apice corneo-mucronulata saepe
_ recurvata margine paullo revoluta squamis peltatis vel squam-
arum stipitibus vel setularum juvenilium pedibus asperata nunc
sparsissime setulosa (in juventute semper setulosa) basi obtusa
vel subrotundata supra atro-viridis rugulosa squamarum delap-
sarum vestigiis obscuris exasperata (in juventute citrino-lepidota)
costa media sulcata subtus flavido-fulva compacto-lepidota
Squamis peltatis contiguis persistentibus ex umbone convexulo
pallide fuscescente institaque leviter fimbriata angusta vix
umbonem aequante aedificatis paucis longius stipitatis sed
indumenti superficie fere uniformi (in juventute dense citrino-
lepidota) costa media elevata laxe lepidota ; petiolus ad 4 mm.
longus plus minusve glaber nunc purpurascens. Flores pallide
rosei in umbellam terminalem ad 1o0-floram capituliformem
thachi puberula racemose congesti; bracteae mox deciduae
exteriores coriaceae ovatae vel rotundatae spadiceo-brunneae
extus lepidotae margine minute ciliatae intus puberulae interiores
fertiles membranaceae flavidae basi sucino-coloratae obovatae
apice rotundatae nunc rubidae extus nitenti-lepidotae et puber-
ulae margine pilis tortuosis longe ciliatae intus puberulae ad
8 mm. longae 4 mm. latae; prophylla circ. 6 mm. longa
calyce longiora anguste spathulata uninervia ramentacea dorso
lepidota margine longe ciliata; pedicelli breves circ. 2 mm.
longi lepidoti. Calyx circ 4 mm. longus ad basim fissus viridis
nunc rubidus lobis imbricatis subaequalibus oblongis circ. 2 mm.
latis apice sub-erosis truncatis margine ipso ciliato extus lepi-
dotis intus glabris. Corollae circ. 1 cm. longae pallide roseae
tubus basi cylindricus sursum oblique ampliatus infundibuli-
formis extus glaber intus dense villosus circ. 8 mm. longus, limbi
patuli subrepandi discus circ. 0.5 mm. latus, lobi subrotundati
saepe subirregulares (posti imus circ. 4 mm. diam.) margine
inaequaliter ctenulati. Stamina plerumque 5 filamentis deorsum
paullo expansis infra minute puberulis circ. 5 mm. longis, antheris
ovoideis circ. 0.5 mm. longis. Ovarium Circ. f. mm. longum
5-lobatum squamulis contiguis parvis lepidotum ; stylus rubidus

.

wart

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 225

ovario brevior circ. 1 mm. longus glaber sub stigmate clavatus ;
stigma planum 5-lobatum.

Species ex affinitate Rh. anthopogonoidis, Maxim. sed foliis
minoribus ad 1.5 cm. longis, bracteis interioribus lepidotis et
puberulis haud sericeis, calyce minore lepidoto, corolla rosea haud
flava recedens.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Alt. 13,000
ft. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Matted shrub of 2 ft. Flowers pale rose.
Ledges of cliffs and boulders. G. Forrest. No. 12,631. July 1914.

A dwarf species this, belonging to a small series including
Rh. anthopogonoides, Maxim., Rh. clivicolum, Balf. f. et W. W.
Sm., Rh. fragrans, Maxim. and Rh. primulaeflorum, Franch.
They resemble both the Cephalanthum series and the Antho-
pogon series in many characters, but they have not the
loose indumentum of Cephalanthum nor the rufescent agglu-
tinate indumentum of Anthopogon. Rh. cremnophilum,
is marked out from its fellows by the small elliptic or
slightly oblong-elliptic leaves and its short twisted branches,
and is in all its parts smaller than either Rh. antho-
pogonoides and Rh. clivicolum. Then its flowers are rose
coloured, as they are in Rh. fragrans. I may add that the
cuticle on the epidermal cells is very thick, exceeding the
lumen of the cells, and the epidermal papillae are conoid or
even ovoid and set very close together.

See also p. 293.

Rhododendron diacritum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Suffruticosum nanum ad 5 dm. altum intricatim ramosissi-
mum haud virgatum. Ramuli hornotini squamis ferrugineis
dense laete porriginosi seniores squamarum reliquiis verruculosi
deinde sordide grisei mox decorticantes. Alabastrorum
parvulorum circ. 2 mm. longorum oblongo-ovoideorum perulae
paucae ovatae crassiusculae ferrugineae lepidotae. Folia
crassa coriacea parva petiolata; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica ad 8 mm. longa 5 mm. lata plerumque minor apice
obtusa vel rotundata obscure mucronulata margine leviter re-
curva et undulata basi obtusa vel late cuneata vel subrotundata
supra griseo-viridis squamis albidis peltatis uniformibus con-
tiguis persistentibus umbone nunc flavido-nitente lepidota costa
media vix manifesta subtus alutacea squamis peltatis contiguis
biformibus omnino induta (squamarum plerisque adpressis
ex umbone flavido-nitido institaque albida constructis caeteris
paucioribus majoribus stipite longiore et umbone institaque
rufescenti-nitida superficiem punctulis notantibus) costa media
vix elevata venis primariis occultis; petiolus circ. 2 mm. longus
crassus rufo-squamulosus. Flores parvi solitarii terminales ;

gat

226 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

bracteae steriles pallide brunneae ovatae acutae fertiles oblongae
cucullatae obtusae mucronulatae circ. 3.5 mm. longae dorso
lepidotae apice delicate ciliatae; bracteolae ligulatae mem-
branaceae apice extus lepidotae sursum haud expansae calyce
dimidio longiores ; pedicelli circ. 1 mm. longi albido-lepidoti sub
calyce paullo dilatati. Calyx circ. 1.5 mm. longus pallide viridis
extus ex toto dense albido-lepidotus in lobos 5 crassiusculos
inaequales maximum circ. 1 mm. longum et latum margine
lanato-ciliatos fissus. Corollae roseo-purpureae fauce albo circ.
I cm. longae tubus latus brevis circ. 1.5 mm. longus basi paullo
gibbosus intus ad faucem leviter puberulus sursum in limbum
brevem concavum expansus, lobi 5 oblongi circ. 3 mm. longi
extus conspicue albo-lepidoti. Stamina Io subaequalia corollam
aequantia filamentis pallide roseis supra basim dense villosis
faucem corollae occludentibus antheris roseo-purpureis. Ova-
rium pallide viride albido-lepidotum; stylus tenuis roseo-
purpureus glaber corolla staminibusque multo longior; stigma
parvum lobulatum. Capsula grisea lepidota circ. 4 mm. longa
ad basim 5-valvata.

Species fastigiata Rh. drumonio, Balf. f. et Ward et Rh.
telmateio, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis squamis subfoliaribus
punctulatis, foliis oblongis subtus ravis, floribus parvis solitariis

roseo-purpureis, calyce parvo, corollae tubo brevi ad faucem

puberulo lobisque extus dense lepidotis, staminibus 10 corollam
aequantibus, filamentis villosis, stylo glabro staminibus multo
longiore notata.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 30’N.
Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. Matted shrub of 12-20 inches. Flowers
deep rose purple, throat white. Open situations on cliffs and
humus-covered boulders. G. Forrest. No. 12,614. July 1914.

A bright floriferous species of the Lapponicum series. It is
one of the plants which, like Rh. drumonium, Balf. f. et Ward
and Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., has punctulate under-
leaf indumentum and also a lepidote corolla. Its floriferousness
as seen on dried specimens is remarkable. A small shrublet
with very thin erect twigs, it resembles in that both the species
named, being likest Rh. telmateium in its hoary appearance but
differing in its oblong or oblong elliptic not narrowly lanceolate
leaves. Rh. drumonium is readily separated by its shorter style
only about equalling not longer than the stamens.

See also p. 299.

Rhododendron drumonium, Balf. f. et Ward.
Suffrutex nanus ad 30 cm. altus parvifolius in pulvinos

aggregatus vel late diffusus quasi ericetum quoddam minutum.
Ramuli erecti plurimi annotini circ. 1 mm. diam. dense squamis

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 227

rufis furfuracei seniores nigro-verruculosi dein grisei decorti-
cantes. Alabastrorum parvulorum oblongorum perulae paucae
extus rufo-lepidotae margine ciliatae vix 1.5 mm. longae. Folia
crasse coriacea petiolata ad 1 cm. longa; lamina oblonga vel
anguste elliptica apicem basimque versus angustata ad 8 mm.
longa ad 3 mm. lata apice mucronulata margine paullo recurvata
basi late cuneata et obtusa supra atro-viridis lepidoto-canescens
squamis peltatis superficialibus fere contiguis uniformibus ex
umbone annulatim flavescenti-nitente et instita lata albida
aedificatis subtus alutacea sparsim brunneo-punctata nitens
squamis contiguis persistentibus biformibus imbricatim induta
plerisque spadiceis umbone depresso sucineo institaque albida
paucioribus majoribus altioribus umbone resinoso-rubro insti-
taque lata brunnea costa media supra vix conspicua subtus vix
elevata venis primariis utrinque occultis; petiolus circ. 1.5 mm.
longus rufo-lepidotus. Flores solitarii terminales; bracteae
paucae externae crustaceae oblongo-ellipticae vel rotundatae
cucullatae dorso squamis biformibus mox deciduis rufo-lepidotae
margine apicem versus lanato-ciliatae internae subspathulatae
pallidae dorso apicem versus lepidotae plus minusve ciliatae ;
pedicelli circ. r mm. longi rufo-lepidoti; bracteolae ligulatae
longae pedicellum excedentes. Calyx fere ad basim in lobos
5 aequales oblongos obtusos virides vel purpureos haud mem-
branaceos dorso plus minusve lepidotos margine eciliatos fissus.
Corolla purpureo-coerulea fere rotata tubo brevi circ. 2 mm.
longo basi subventricoso extus sparsissime puberulo intus ad
faucem puberulo neque albo-villoso limbi disco angustissimo
lobis patentibus fere planis oblongo-ellipticis circ. 5 mm. longis
dorso dense albido-lepidotis. Stamina 8—10 fere aequalia vix
corollam aequantia filamentis purpureis pilis paucis aggregatis
supra basim planam et ovarium praeditis antheris lateritiis.
Ovarium squamis peltatis viridescentibus lepidotum; stylus
purpureus glaber staminibus brevior vel aequilongus ; stigma
atropurpureum lobulatum. Capsula circ. 4.5 mm. longa brunnea
albido-lepidota valvis 5 ad basim dehiscens.

Species fastigiata inter seriem squamis subfoliaribus contiguis
biformibus punctulatis corollaque extus lepidota notatam RA.
telmateio, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. persimilis sed habitu, floribus
parvulis, staminibus styloque subaequalibus diversa.

Yunnan. Valley of Chung River. Alt. 10,500 ft. Dwarf
shrub forming carpet or separate tufts 9 ins. to one foot high in
open pine forest. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 2694. May 1913.

One of the small number of species in the Lapponicum series
of Rhododendrons with contiguous bicolour punctulate scales
on the under side of the leaf and with a lepidote corolla. From
Rh. diacritum, Balf. f£. et W. W. Sm. and from Rh. telmateium,

228 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. it is distinguished by having the style
just about the length of the stamens. Rh. nigropunctatum,
Franch. is a typical member of this punctulate set of species,
but it has an elepidote corolla, as has also Rh. alpicolum, Rehder
and Wilson.

See also p. 299.

Ugo? Rhododendron euchroum, Balf. f. et Ward.
Frutex nanus procumbens late patens vix ad 6 dm. altus

umbraticola. Ramuli annotini circ. 2 mm. diam. floccis et
pilis singulis et glandulis glaucis stipitatis intermixtis tomentosi
vetustiores glabri purpurei mox grisei desquamantes. Alabas-
trorum parvorum ovoideorum perulae exteriores ovatae acumi-
natae carinatae circ. 5 mm. longae pilis floccosis dense griseo-
vel ex parte rufo-tomentosae. Folia coriacea petiolata ad
8 cm. longa juvenilia ignota; lamina ad 6.5 cm. longa ad 2 cm.
lata lanceolata vel oblanceolata apice acuta breviter acuminatim

fcc. 5 mm. longum
pilis floccosis dense ferrugineo-tomentosum in stylum sursum
attenuatum ; stylus corollam subaequans basi pilis floccosis
plus minusve obtectus ; stigma lobatum.

Species Rh. floccigero, Franch. affinis foliorum indumento,

ad

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 229

corolla minore, staminum filamentis pubescentibus' valde
diversa.

E. Upper Burma. Nwai Divide. Ridge of Naung-Chaung.
Alt. 10,000 ft. Dwarf procumbent shrub of spreading habit on
granite ridge, damp shady situations under bamboos. Stem
rising 14-2 ft. from ground. Flowers bright brick red. Kingdon
Ward. No. 1778. 14th July 1914.

A beautiful species carrying into Burma the group of Rhodo-
dendrons with medium-sized succulent bright coloured corollas,
to which the Chinese Rh. floccigerum, Franch., Rh. haematodes,
Franch., and others belong.

Rhododendron glischrum, Balf. f. et. W. W. Sm,

Arbor parva ad 8 m. alta. Ramuli hornotini flavido-virides
dense glanduloso-setulosi glandulis ovoideis nigro-rubris stipite
setuloso stramineo vel luteo ad 4.5 mm. longo vel brevi vetus-
tiores flavidi esetulosi. Alabastrorum perulae oblongae obtusae
viscidae annos plures plus minusve persistentes. Folia breviter
petiolata ad 22 cm. longa; lamina oblanceolata ad 20 cm.
longa ad 5 cm. lata apice acuminata tuberculo corneo terminata
margine cartilaginea pectinatim glanduloso-setulosa basi late
cuneatim attenuata supra olivacea costa media sulcata et prae-
cipue basim versus plus minusve setulosa venis primarlis acute
adscendentibus utrinsecus circ. 15 subsulcatis caeteroquin
areolatim subrugulosa glabrescens sed glandularum setiformium
juvenilium vestigiis obscuris plus minusve notata, subtus pal-
lidior subcinnamomea costa media venisque primarilis et mar-
ginem versus secondariis elevatis ubique setulis longis glandulosis
decurvatis dense hispida ; petiolus circ. 2 cm. longus glanduloso-
setulosus. Flores racemose umbellati inflorescentia circ. Io-
flora, rhachi glanduloso-setulosa ; bracteae externae ad 5 cm.
longae basi parva incrassata vix 4 mm. lata longe et anguste
caudatae extus glanduloso-setulosae intus sulcatae glabrae inter-
mediae basi latiore rotundata amplexicauli circ. 1.5 cm. diam.
caudam aequante extus plus minusve glanduloso-setulosae intus
adpresso-puberulae intimae subspathulatae vel obovatae extus
intusque dense sericeae; prophylla vix 1 cm. longa filiformia
pubescentia ; pedicelli circ. 3.5 cm. longi dense glanduloso-
setulosi. Calyx viridis circ. 1.5 cm. longus fere ad basim in lobos
5 fissus cupula extus glanduloso-setulosa lobis aequalibus cire.
8 mm. latis foliaceis oblongis obtusis margine ciliatis intus
nitidis apicem versus nunc adpresso-puberulis. Corolla circ.
3 cm. longa infundibuliformis extus intusque glabra in limbum
ic, x cm. longum expansa lobis 5 rotundatis 2 cm. latis

emargina Stamina 10 tubum corollinum aequantia fila-
mentis deorsum dilatatis et basim versus glanduloso-pubescen-

230 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

tibus antheris 3.5 mm. longis atro-purpureis. Ovarium setulis
glandulosis dense albo-setulosum; stylus staminibus paullo
longior basi glanduloso-setulosus. Capsula viscida calyce
viscido inclusa circ. 1.5 cm. longa 4.5 mm. lata recta calyci
obliqua dense glanduloso-setulosa. Semina fusca oblonga com-
planata ad 2 mm. longa ad extremitates pilis latis punctulatis
cristatim carunculata. ;

Species forsan ex affinitate Rh. strigillosi, Franch. foliis
oblanceolatis, floribus longe pedicellatis, calyce magno, stamini-
bus pubescentibus, ovario styloque glanduloso-setulosis valde
diversa.

Yunnan. Kari Pass, Yangtze-Mekong Divide. Lat. 27° 40°
N. Shrub of 25 feet. Flowers? In fruit, Open situations
in thickets and pine forests. G. Forrest. No. 12,901. July
I914; No. 13,564. Oct. 1914.

Mr. Forrest’s specimens have withered flowers only and there
is no record of colour. The description given above of the
flower is therefore incomplete. The plant is most distinct as
a species.

Rave Rhododendron gymnomiscum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Frutex aromaticus dumetorum alpinorum erecto-ramosus
saepe subvirgatus. Ramuli annotini fulvo-brunnei squamis
peltatis stipitatis dense obtecti et stipitibus squamarum de-
capitatarum plus minusve setulosi indumento annos plures per-
sistente saepe nigricante vetustiores cinerei decorticantes. Ala-
bastrorum parvorum ovoideo-oblongorum perulae mox deciduae
paucae oblongae obtusae spadiceo-brunneae dorso lepidotae
margine minute ciliatae. Folia crasse coriacea ad 3-5 cm. longa
petiolata ; lamina oblonga ad 3 cm. longa ad x cm. lata apice
obtusa vel acutiuscula mucronulata margine paullo revoluta
integra squamis asperata basi obtusa vel late subcuneata supra
atro-viridis costa media sulcata caeteroquin reticulatim leviter
rugulosa et squamarum juvenilium glandulosarum viscidarum
vestigiis plus minusve notata subtus primo fulvida ultimo sub-
tufescens superficiem porriginosam planam exhibens indumento
Vix spongioso e squamis instita angusta et stipite brevi
subuniformiter constructo costa media elevata primo squamis
occulta deinde flavida sparsim rufo-lepidota: lamina
juvenilis utrinque plus minusve flavida glanduloso-lepidota
margineque longe ciliata; petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus fusco-
lepidotus. Flores lutei in umbellas terminales ad 7-floras
parvas racemose aggregati inflorescentiae rhachi pubescente
elepidota ; bracteae exteriores late ovatae vel subrotundatae ad 6
mm. longae 5 mm. latae fusco-brunneae dorso’ lepidotae margine
longe ciliatae ecarinatae mucronulatae interiores obovatae vel

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 231

subspathulatae membranaceae circ. 8 mm. longae 3 mm. latae
dorso lepidotae margine ciliatae intus puberulae; prophylla
lineari-claviformia ramentacea extus lepidota margine ciliata circ.
7 mm. longa vix i mm. lata calycem aequantia; pedicelli
inaequales purpurei glabri circ. 4 mm. longi. Calyx poculi-
formis fere ad basim 5-lobatus cupula rubida vel subviridi glabra
lobis subaequalibus oblongis acutis vel obtusis vel rotundatis
nunc subtruncatis membranaceis plus minusve rubidis dorso
lepidibus laete viridibus obtectis margine lepidoto-fimbriatis et
plus minusve minute ciliatis intus puberulis. Corollae tenuis
circ. 1.5 cm. longae paullo obliquae tubus antice circ. 8 mm.
longus extus glaber intus villosulus in limbum explanatum 5-
lobatum expansus lobis subaequalibus rotundatis integris circ.
5 mm. diam. Stamina ad 6 mm. longa filamentis fragilibus
deorsum dilatatis glabris antheris oblongis circ. I mm.
longis. Ovarium 1.25 mm. longum ovoideum lobatum plus
minusve lepidotum subviscidum; stylus circ. 2 mm. longus
cylindricus apicem versus expansus ibique stigmate lobato
coronatus.

Species ex affinitate Rh. nwaiensis, Balf. f. et Ward, gregis
Cephalantht, alabastrorum perulis mox deciduis, inflorescentiae
rhachi pubescente, pedicellis glabris, calycis lobis rubidis viridi-
lepidotis margine lepidoto-fimbriatis, corolla extus glabra,
stylo quam ovarium fere duplo longiore notata.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Ka-gwr-pw glacier. Scrub belt.
Alt. 14,000 ft. Flowers yellow. Ward. No. 505. June 1913.

A plant of the Cephalanthum series; distinguished from
most of the series, excepting Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. itself
and Rh. platyphyllum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., by the size of the
foliage. Its leaves reach a length of 3 cm. The indumentum,
too, is not so spongy as in typical members of the series, in this
resembling one of its allies in the series Rh. nwaiense, Balf. f. et
Ward from a more southern station. From Rh. nwaiense,
its nearest relation, the following are other diagnostic
marks :—The scales of the vegetative bud are early deciduous,
the inner bracts are much larger, the bracteoles equal in length
the calyx, the pedicels are glabrous, the reddish calyx-lobes have
curious green scales on the back and the margin is fringed with
scales and has also a few short cilia, which may be the stalks
of decapitated scales. See also what is said under Rh. nwatense,
Balf. f. et Ward, p. 252.

_ The glacier valley in which Mr. Ward found this yellow-
flowered Rhododendron yielded to him another new species,
Rh. chamaetortum, Balf. {. et Ward, forming carpets at a higher
altitude and possessing pink flowers.

See also p. 316.

232 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

be ’ Rhododendron habrotrichum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex ad 3 m. altus ramis crassis. Ramuli annotini nigro-
purpurascentes circ. 3 mm. diam. strigillosi setulis rigidis purpura-
scentibus ad 6 mm. longis glandula ovoideo-capitata terminatis
dense obtecti vetustiores estrigillosi vel vestigiis conspersi cinerei
tandem decorticantes. Alabastrorum ovoideorum _ perulae
fulvae paucae late ovatae obtusae margine subciliatae carinatae
carina plus minusve glanduloso-setulosa. Folia petiolata ad
14 cm. longa; lamina coriacea elliptico-oblonga ad 12 cm.
longa ad 7 cm. lata apice obtusa vel subacuminata muicrone
corneo terminata margine cartilaginea pectinatim setulosa basi
cordulata lobis rotundatis supra atro-viridis in juventute (costa
media sulcata setulosa caeteroquin venarum reti obscuro)
pilis glandulosis stipitatis vertice radiatim longe ramosis setu-
lisque paucis conspersis induta in adultis (costa media-basim
versus setulosa cum venis primariis utrinsecus circ. 12 sulcata

hat pete

a

excepta) g venulosa, subtus (juvenilis et adulta)

cente costa media ad medium vel ultro setulosa caeteroquin plus
minusve pilis subcaulifloris glandulosis punctulatim notata ;
petiolus crassus circ. 2 cm. longus 4 mm. latus dense glanduloso-
strigillosus. Flores in umbellam multifloram compactam
thachi glanduloso - setulosa aggregati; bracteae _ steriles
crustaceo-coriaceae a basi late ovatae vaginatae acuminatae
vel subcaudatae dorso margineque glanduloso-setulosae intus
puberulae et plus minusve glandulosae fertiles inaequales ad
2.5 cm. longae 1.5 cm. latae obovatae vel spathulatae haud
crustaceae extus intusque sericeae apice acuminatae margine
glanduloso - setulosae; prophylla brevia ad 8 mm. longa
lineari - filiformia ramentacea sericea : pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi
glanduloso-setulosi. Calyx ad 1.4 cm. longus extus glanduloso-
setulosus intus glaber in lobos 5 a basi lanceolatos fere ad
basim fissus ; cupula lata ; lobi acuti coriacei margine glanduloso-
setulosi. Corolla pallide rosea ad 5 cm. longa infundibuliformis
supra in lobos 5 inaequales ampliata extus intusque glabra lobis
rotundatis maximis circ. 1.5 cm. longis 3 cm. latis emarginatis.
Stamina 10 inaequalia (longissimum fere tubum corollinum
aequans) filamentis deorsum dilatatis in triente infero dense
puberulis antheris circ. 4 mm. longis. Ovarium cylindricum
5-lobatum dense glanduloso-setulosum ;_ stylus . staminibus

Capsula ab apice pedicelli paullo decurvata calyce plus minusve
Persistente inclusa circ. 2 cm. longa 5 mm. lata nigra et glandu-
loso-setulosa. Semina straminea oblonga ad extremitates piloso-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 233

Species Rh. Smithit, Nutt., forsan affinis sed calyce longiore,
filamentis pubescentibus, stylo glanduloso-setuloso omnino

iversa.

Yunnan. Western flank of the Shweli-Salween Divide. Lat.
25° 20’ N. Shrub of 3-8 ft. In fruit. Rhododendron forest.
G. Forrest. No. 9048. Aug. 1912.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween Divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Shrub
of 6-10 ft. Flowers pale rose. Open situations in Rhododen-
dron thickets and amongst rocks. G. Forrest. No. 12,054.
June 1913.

This may be looked upon perhaps as a W. Chinese repre-
sentative of the Himalayan Rh. Smithii, Hook. f. The Chinese
and Himalayan species are readily distinguishable by the indu-
mentum of the leaf under-side, which, though cast in the same
mould in the two species, forms tufts of woolly tomentum in
the Himalayan plant. It has also much larger flowers and
many other characters of separation. The prominent resem-
blance is in the bristles.

uqor Rhododendron haemonium, Balf. f. et Cooper.

Frutex parvus ramis plurimis foliisque coriaceis supra atro-
viridibus subtus sanguineis. Ramuli annotini circ. 2 mm. diam,
saepe virgati squamis rufis peltatis stipitatis obtecti et squam-
arum decapitatarum stipitibus quasi setulosi vetustiores grisei
saepe nigricantes mox decorticantes. Alabastrorum oblongo-
ovoideorum perulae mox deciduae externae parvae circ. 5 mm.
longae 2.5 mm. latae oblongae carinatae acutae vel acuminatae
coriaceae dorso rufo-lepidotae ciliatae. Folia petiolata ad
3-5 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea ad 2.8 cm. longa ad
I.2 cm. lata oblonga apice obtusa corneo-apiculata margine
revoluta integra basi obtusa subrotundata nec cordulata supra
atro-viridis squamarum juvenilium vestigiis pulverulenta costa
media ‘sulcata caeteroquin reticulatim subsulcata subtus costa
media straminea elevata sparsim rufo-lepidota caeteroquin
squamis sanguineo-resinosis longius breviusque stipita atis in
stratum laeve agglutinatis decorata; petiolus circ. mm.
longus rufo-lepidotus. Flores lutei in umbellas capituliformes
multifloras racemose dispositi; bracteae externae coriaceae
late ovatae vel rotundatae carinatae acutae vel acuminatae
vel obtusae et apiculatae interiores spadiceo-brunneae spathu-
latae ad 7 mm. longae ad 3 mm. latae extus rufo-lepidotae
et subsericeo - puberulae longiuscule ciliatae intus plus
minusve puberulae; prophylla subclaviformia vel linearia
ramentacea extus lepidota lanato-ciliata ad 6 mm. longa
calycem subaequantia ; pedicelli inaequales ad 4 mm. longi
(inferi breviores) feast. Calyx circ. 4 mm. longus fere

a@)
yas

234 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

ad basim crateriformem fissus lobis oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis
vel rotundatis ad 2 mm. latis membranaceis nitidis viridibus
obtusis nunc apice subdenticulatis dorso elepidotis vel sparsissime
lepidotis margine apiceque pilis brevibus vel longis sparse vel
copiose ciliatis intus glabris. Corollae circ. 1.4 cm. longae tubus
latus brevis obliquus subcarnosulus antice circ. 6 mm. longus.
postice circ. 8 mm. extus lepidibus sparsissime conspersus intus
villosulus ad faucem barbatus, limbi lati explanati subrepandi
discus circ. 1.5 mm. latus, lobi magni rotundati ad 7 mm. diam.
crenulati et utrinque lepidibus sparsissime conspersi. Stamina
5 circ. 5 mm. longa filamentis deorsum dilatatis glabris antheris
oblongis circ. 1 mm. longis. Ovarium ovoideum 5-lobatum circ.
1.5 mm. longum lepidibus luteis plus minusve indutum nunc
fere nudum subpurpurascens ; stylus ovarium aequans clavatus
stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species nova ex affinitate Rh. anthopogonis, Don floribus
luteis calyce glabro et notis aliis multis valde diversa.

hutan. Pumo La Timpu, W. Alt. 13,000 ft. Shrub on
hilltops. Flowers yellow. R.E. Cooper. No. 3903. 15th May
IQI5. :

This is a distinct species of the Anthopogon series. It re-
sembles somewhat the N.W. Himalayan yellow-flowered Rh.
hypenanthum, Balf. f. for long confused with Rh. anthopogon,
Don, but is distinguished at sight by the absence from its
branches of clusters of persistent leaf-bud scale-leaves. From true
Rh. anthopogon, Don the colour of the flower of Rh. haemonium
is also diagnostic as it is from Rh. fragrans, Maxim. The
glabrous character of its calyx also separates.

See also p. 286.

Rhododendron hedyosmum, Ball. f.
Suffrutex aromaticus ad 30 cm. altus ramosissimus parvi-

folius. Ramuli hornotini virides squamis fuscis peltatis longe

peltatis longius stipitatis instita subangusta in stratum dis-
tale laxum super stratum squamarum minus evolutarum dis-
positis costa media pallide flavido-viridi elevata sparsim lepidota;

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 235

petiolus ad 4 mm. longus laxe lepidotus. Flores cerini ad 7 in
umbellas veras parvas terminales inter ramulos foliatos sub-
florales praecoces immersas aggregati inflorescentiae rhachi
brevissima puberula; bracteae steriles sordide fuscae ovatae
acutae coriaceae extus lepidotae intus adpresso - puberulae
minute ciliatae fertiles membranaciores obovatae vel spathulatae
luteae extus fusco-lepidotae ciliatae circ. I cm. longae 4 mm.
latae pedicellum et calycem multo superantes mox deciduae ;
prophylla lineari-clavata flavida supra dorso lepidota_ lanato-
ciliata circ. 1.3 cm. longa calycem aequantia conspicua per-
sistentia ; pedicelli circ. 5 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx viridis
fere ad basim fissus cupula sparsim ciliata lobis a basi lanceolatis
vel anguste ovatis obtusis extus intusque glabris margine lepi-
dotis nunc setulis sparsis etiam ciliatis. Corollae longe tubulosae
obliquae subcarnosulae circ. 2 cm. longae tubus ab axe florali
paullo curvatus extus glaber intus sparsim pubescens sursum
in lobos 5 circ. 6 mm. longos subellipticos integros basi latos
infundibuliformi-ampliatus. Stamina 5 filamentis ad basim
bulbosim expansis glabris circ. 6 mm. longis, antheris oblongis.

Ovarium 1.5 mm. longum 5-lobatum squamis plus minusve

lepidotum viscidum ; stylus ovarium aequans clavatus glaber
stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species Rh. Sargentiano, Rehder et Wilson affinis sed
robustior et altior et foliis fere duplo longioribus, perulis haud
persistentibus, floribus albido-cerinis, pedicellis brevioribus,
calycibus multo minoribus, corollis majoribus elepidotis facile
recognoscenda.

Szechwan ?

This plant appeared in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
in two or three specimens amongst a batch of Rh. Sargentianum,
Rehder et Wilson raised from seeds in 1909 under Wilson’s
number 1208. The seeds were the gift of Sir John Stirling
Maxwell, Bart. of Pollok, who generously presented to the
Garden his share of the spoils of Wilson’s exploration. By its
growth and size and shape of leaf it is so different from
Rh. Sargentianum that we have been prepared for something
not of the type. Rh. Sargentianum has flowered freely during
the past few years—this plant flowered in 1916 for the first
time, and then some weeks before Rh. Sargentianum, producing
small trusses of waxy white flowers with much longer corolla-
tube than that of Rh. Sargentianum, and wanting entirely
the coating of scales on the outside. The plant is very different
from Rh. Sargentianum. I do not know if it has turned up
elsewhere in cultivation.

See also p. 316.

236 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

.96+ Rhododendron hippophaeoides, Balf. f, et W. W. Sm.

Fruticulus parvus ad 1.5 m. altus copiose ramosus ramis
saepe intricatim intertextis. Ramuli juveniles saepe virgati
circ. 2 mm. diam. squamis dense furfuracei ochracei, seniores
reliquiis squamarum verruculosi cortice mox desquamante.
Alabastrorum oblongorum parvorum .5 cm. longorum perulae
oblongae pallide brunneae crustaceae subtus lepidotae margine
ciliatae. Folia crasse coriacea petiolata; lamina oblonga ad
3 cm. longa ad 1 cm. lata apice obtusa vel rotundata obscure
mucronulata margine paullo revoluta basi cuneata, paginae
superioris superficies atroviridis squamis breviter stipitatis
peltatis ex umbone lutescente et instita aequilata albida trans-
lucente margine minutissime fimbriata constructis uniformibus
contiguis obtecta inferioris ubique squamarum similium im-
bricatarum opertu pallido ochraceo-nitente occulta costa
media supra paullo sulcata subtus prominula venis primariis
opertis ; petiolus circ. 4 mm. longus dense lepidotus. Inflores-
centia terminalis floribus subcoeruleis in umbellam capitulatam
ad 7-floram aggregatis ; bracteae fulvae exteriores crustaceae
late ovatae interiores submembranaceae rotundatae retusae
vel truncatae omnes extus lepidotae margine ciliatae ; pedicelli
circ.4 mm. longi sub calyce haud dilatati dense lepidoto-tomentosi
prophyllis filiformibus quam pedicelli dimidio brevioribus. Calyx
ad basim fissus lobis 5 subaequalibus circ. 1.5 mm. longis oblongis
vel ovatis extus dense lepidotis pilis longis praesertim ad apicem
fimbriatis. Corolla extus elepidota subrotata circ. 1.2. cm.
longa, tubo campanulato brevi circ. 2 mm. longo, limbi disco
patente circ. 4 mm. lato intus pubescente, lobis 5 rotundatis
circ. 8 mm. diam. undulatis. Stamina 8-10 subaequalia ex
ore tubi corollini longe patentia limbo breviora filamentis
corollae concoloribus supra basim villoso-cinctis, antheris spadi-
ceis. Ovarium parvum tubum corollinum subaequans viride
lepidotum ; stylus purpureus glaber staminibus brevior ovario
duplo longior ; stigma stylo vix latius. Capsula ovoidea circ,
7 mm. longa et 3.5 mm. lata brunnea lepidota ; pedicellus
elongatus fere ad 8 mm. longus.

pecies aspectu RA. intricati, Franch. ramulorum indumento
furfuraceo, foliis majoribus, pedicellis sub calyce haud dilatatis,
calyce pilis longis fimbriato, corollae tubo campanulato haud

1913.
Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers

BA

_ BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 237

blue, drying lavender-blue. Open situations in alpine scrub.
G. Forrest. No. 10,333. July 1913

Yunnan. Duplicate of No. 10,333 in mature fruit. G.
Forrest. No. 11,487. Oct. 1913.

Yunnan. Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. _ Alt. 10,000
ft. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers pale bluish-rose. Open marshy
meadows. G. Forrest. No. 12,461. June 1914.

Yunnan. Mountains west of the Fengkow Valley. Lat.
27° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 3-4 ft. \ Flowers lavender-
blue, anthers indian red. Boggy peaty meadows. G. Forrest.
No. 12,562. June 1914.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 30’
N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers lavender-blue.
Open moist stony pasture. G. Forrest. No. 12,633. July
IQI4.

A striking species of the Lapponicum series, which in its
many-flowered compact truss of blue-purple flowers suggests
Rh. intricatum, Franch. But it is far removed from that species,
which is an exceptional one in the Lapponicum series, as I have
explained above when writing of Rh. complexum, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm. Rh. hippophaeoides finds its nearest ally in
Rh. Webstertanum, Rehder et Wilson. Like that plant it is
hoary, but there is more yellow in the tint of its foliage and
twigs. It is also a more virgate shrub than is Rehder and
Wilson’s species, and has much larger flower trusses—7-flowered
instead of 2~3-flowered. I may add also that the style of

Rh. Websterianum is often lepidote or hairy. In indumentum

our species belongs to a set of species—Rh. idoneum, Balf f. et
W. W. Sm., Rh. polifolium, Franch., in addition to Rh. intricatum,
Rh. thymifolium, Maxim., Rh. Websterianum—which have re-
markable shiny grey not punctulate under-leaf surface, the scales
being large and almost or quite ee Rh. hippophaeoides
is now in cultivation.

See also p. 299.

Rhododendron idoneum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Suffrutex nanus parvifolius pulvinatus ramis congestis ad
4 dm. altus. Ramuli annui breves vix I cm. longi, hornotini
ferrugineo -lepidoti circ. 1.5 mm. diam. seniores sordide
grisei corrugati mox decorticantes. Alabastrorum ovoideorum
parvorum perulae ovatae spadiceo-lepidotae. Folia petiolata
crasse coriacea circ. 8.5 mm. longa; lamina elliptica vel
subrotundata nunc subovata circ. 6.5 mm. longa 4 mm. lata
vertice rotundata neque angustata costae mediae apice deflexo
et mucrone terminato leviter revoluta basi rotundata vel late
obtusa supra atro-viridis subcanescens squamis peltatis contiguis

238 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

persistentibus adpressis uniformibus umbone languide flavido
institaque alba constructis induta subtus helvola nitens squamis
ut supra aedificatis uniformibus contiguis persistentibus lepidota
costa media utrinque vix conspicua venisque caeteris occultis :
petiolus circ. 2 mm. longus rufescenti-lepidotus. Flores in
umbellam 2-floram terminalem dispositi; bracteae exteriores
crustaceae ovatae vel rotundatae dorso lepidotae margine ciliatae
interiores oblongae membranaceae extus pubescentes ; pedicelli
circ. I mm. longi lepidoti; bracteolae minutissimae. Calyx
circ. 3 mm. longus fere ad basim in lobos 5 inaequales fissus,
cupula lepidota, lobis saepe purpureis membranaceis oblongis
vel a basi lanceolatis vel late ovatis obtusis vel acutis dorso
lepidotis margine apiceque pilis longis ciliatis. Corollae pur-
pureo-coeruleae circ. 1.2 cm. longae tubus brevis circ. 4 mm.
longus infundibuliformis extus glaber intus ad faucem pilis
lanatis albido-villosus, limbi discus concavus angustus, lobi
late elliptici vel subrotundati circ. 8 mm. longi extus sparse
lepidoti. Stamina 8-10 corollam aequantia filamentis supra
basim prope faucem tubi corollini. albo-villosis. Ovarium
pallide viride canescens lepidotum : stylus glaber kermesinus
corollam staminaque superans ; stigma discoideum lobulatum.
Capsulae circ. 5 mm. longae lepidotae pars inferior calyce
inclusa.

Species fastigiata Rh. polifolio, Franch. affinis sed habitu,
foliorum. forma, corollae lobis extus lepidotis fauceque dense
villoso diversa.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat.
27° 30’ N. Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. Open ledges of cliffs and
stony pasture. G. Forrest. No. 12,623. July r914. Cushion
shrub 12-16 ins. Flowers deep purplish blue, throat white.

A remarkably floriferous species of the Lapponicum series
with short not virgate branches. It comes near Rh. polifolium,
Franch., but that species is an erect grower, with longer shoots,
smaller’flowers, and its corolla is not lepidote outside. Moreover,
whilst the throat of the corolla in Rh. polifohum is pubescent
and its stamens slightly pubescent above the base, there is not
the conspicuous white villous tuft as in Rh. idoneum, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm. _ Rh. idoneum is the only species with lepidote
corolla in a small group of the Lapponicum series which
have contiguous grey-white or leather-coloured under-leaf indu-
mentum of a shiny uniform character and not punctulate, and
thus may readily be distinguished. In addition to Rh. polifolium,
the allied species are Rh. blepharocalyx, Franch., Rh. intricatum,
Franch., Rh. hippophaeoides, Balf. {. et W. W. Sm., and Rh.
Websterianum, Rehder et Wilson.

also p. 300.

BALFoUR—NEwW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 239

9Q%5 Rhododendron impeditum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffrutex parvifolius nanus ad 5 dm. altus ramulis plurimis
intertextis in pulvinos lignosos rotundatos evolutus. Ramuli
hornotini brevissimi circ. 8 mm. longi 1 mm. diam. squamis
peltatis ferrugineis dense furfuracei seniores nigricantes sordide
grisei et decorticantes. Alabastrorum minutorum ovoideorum
perulae externae ovatae crassiusculae extus lepidotae margine
plus minusve ciliatae internae oblongae vel oblongo-spathulatae
obtusae pilis marginalibus et apicalibus longis ciliatae. Folia
coriacea breviter petiolata ad 1 cm. longa ; lamina ad 8.5 mm,
longa 4.5 mm. lata elliptica apice rotundata obscure mucronulata
margine paullo revoluta basi obtusa vix attenuata supra atro-
viridis squamis peltatis uniformibus persistentibus fere contiguis
stipite vix impresso umbone flavido vix nitente et. instita
albida integra quam umbo latiore constructis furfuraceo-lepidota
subtus papillis epidermicis ceriferis truncatis cuboideis sub-
glauca et squamis ut supra aedificatis discontiguis omnino
ferrugineis in foveolis profundis umbone infra os foveolae de-
presso orientibus induta venarum reti occulto costa media subtus
basi excepta ; petiolus brevissimus vix 1.5 mm. longus ferru-
gineus furfuraceo-lepidotus. Flores in umbellam plerumque
2-floram terminalem dispositi; alabastra ovoidea bracteis
externis ovatis vel subrotundatis extus lepidotis ciliatis mox
deciduis ; pedicelli vix 1 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx conspicuus
circ. 3 mm. longus corollae tubum subaequans fere ad basim
fissus tubo lepidoto, lobis viridibus vel subpurpurascentibus
elepidotis vel nunc squamulas 1-2 gerentibus fitmis oblongis
vel subrotundatis vel subquadratis aequalibus vel inaequalibus
obtusis ad apicem marginemque pilis longis undulatis paucis
vestitis. Corollae violaceo-purpureae extus elepidotae tubus
brevis circ. 3.5 mm. longus uniformiter cylindricus intus ad
os breviter pubescens, limbi concavi discus circ. 2 mm. latus,
lobi 5 late ovati vel oblongi vel subrotundati margine undulati
circ. 8 mm. longi. Stamina 10 tubum corollinum subaequantia
filamentis purpureis ad os corollae pilis rectis erectis floccosim
cinctis antheris purpureis. Ovarium conoideum albido-lepi-
dotum; stylus purpureus glaber corollam staminaque multo
excedens: stigma lobulatum. Capsula circ. 4 mm. longa
rufescens vix lepidota.

Species fastigiata Rh. oresbio, Balf. f. et Ward et Rh. scintil-
lanti, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis sed foliorum lamina vere
elliptica, calycis forma et stylo puberulo recedit. Rh. JSastigiatum
Franch. corollam extus lepidotam possedit.

Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 20’
N. Alt. 15,000-16,000 ft. Dwarf matted shrub of 6-12 ins.

Cc

#

240 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Flowers light purplish-blue, On open peaty pasture, Forrest.
No. 5863. June Igro. .

Yunnan. Western flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 20’
N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Shrub of 6-20 ins. Flowers deep
purplish-blue, throat white. Forming symmetrically rounded
tufts on alpine meadows. Forrest. No. 5876. June rgro.

One of the species of the Lapponicum series of Rhododendrons
which is in cultivation and commonly under the name of RA.
fastigiatum, Franch. Like that plant in its cushion-habit its
foliage is very different, and one can distinguish the two plants
at a glance. Kh. fastigiatum has a grey hoary appearance, Rh.
impeditum dark green. Both the plants have discontiguous
under-leaf scales, but whilst in Rh. fastigiatum the bare
intervals of epidermis are greyish, often tinted slightly red, in
Rh. impeditum the epidermis is mat green. The flower distin-
guishes them at once, for the corolla in Rh. fastigiatum is
lepidote outside, in this new species elepidote. Its nearest
ally is really Rh. scintillans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., but that
has oblong leaves narrowed to the ends, not elliptic and
rounded.

See also p. 300.

{ sqho\ Rhododendron ixeuticum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm,

Frutex ad 3.5 m. altus. Ramuli hornotini viscidissimi circ.
4mm. diam. glandulis rubris clavatis longe stipitatis setiformibus
dense obsiti vetustiores vestigiis siccis glandularum setiformium
et cataphyllorum et bractearum et petiolorum annorum praeteri-
torum obtecti. Alabastra oblonga cataphyllis brunneis persis-
tentibus externis oblongo-rotundatis firmis intermediis elongatis
ligulatis circ. 2.5 cm. longis 5 mm. latis coriaceis extus glabris
intus caulis secretione vernicosis intimis membranaceis pubes-
centibus. Folia ad 13 cm. longa; lamina lanceolata vel oblan-
ceolata ad 11.5 cm. longa ad 3.5 cm. lata apice subacuminata
margine vix revoluta basi obtusa supra juventute floccis pilorum
lanatorum glandulisque stipitatis intermixtis tomentosim vestita
maturitate atro-viridis subnitens glabrescens costa media sulcata
plus minusve tomentosa venis primariis utrinsecus ad 18 sulcatis
caeteroquin squali corium simulans subtus dense lanato-tomen-
tosa primo sublactea postea glandulis rubris stipitatis pilis
intermixtis rufescens costa media prominula rubescente densius
glandulosa venis primariis nonnunquam prominulis ; petiolus
ad 1.5 cm. longus setuloso-glandulosus viscidissimus. Flores
in umbellam ad 12-floram laxam racemose dispositi; bracteae
longe caudatae basi rotundatae coriaceae rubro-brunneae extus
viscidae glandulis tuberculatae ; pedicelli ad 3 cm. longi vis-
cidissimi glandulis rubris setiformibus brevibus et pilis paucis

BaLFouR—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 241

brevibus dense vestiti. Calyx poculiformis fere ad basim 5-
lobatus, lobis oblongis ad i cm. longis intus laevibus extus
margineque dense setuloso-glandulosis. Corolla tubuloso-cam-
panulata ad 3 cm. longa tubo circ. 2 cm. longo extus glabro
intus ad basim posteriorem glanduloso, lobis ad 2 cm, latis emar-
ginatis. Stamina 10 inaequalia tubum corollae aequantia,
filamentis basi latioribus ibique glandulosis. Ovarium glandulis
rubris ascendentibus stipitatis dense obtectum; stylus basi
setuloso-glandulosus staminibus longior; stigma discoideum
lobulatum. Capsula curvata glandulosa circ. 1.8 cm. longa
5 mm. lata.

Species Rh. adenophoro, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis, ramis
vestigiis foliorum obtectis, tegmento glandularum stipitatarum
viscidissimo distincta.

Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze Divide. Lat. 27° 40’
N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 10-12 ft. In fruit. Open situa-
tions amongst boulders. G. Forrest. No. 12,944. August
Igr4.

Yunnan. Mekong-Salween Divide. Lat. 28° ro’ N. Alt.
13,000 ft. Shrub of 8-ro ft. Flowers? In fruit. In open
thickets. G. Forrest. No. 13,244. Sept. 1914.

Yunnan. G. Forrest. No. 13,551. Oct. r914. In mature
fruit.

Yunnan. G. Forrest. No. 13,592. Nov. 1914.

A distinct species amongst Rhododendrons which have a
white persistent favose sa telomanietai on the under side of the leaf,
The feature catching the eye in the dried specimens is that of
the persistent dried leaf-bud scale-leaves bracts and leaf petioles
clothing the old branches, all more or less sticking together by
the viscid excretion of the setulose glands. These glands occur
on every part of the shoot. The actual secreting gland-area is
oblong or club-shaped at the end of a longer or shorter stalk.
The longer ones are like setae and there are all lengths down
to almost unstalked glands. The surfaces of the pedicels and
calyx are made strigillose by them. On the under surface of
the leaf they are not obvious, being buried amongst the lanate
hairs—but they are present in numbers. On the upper surface
of the old leaf there remain but a few scattered glands. The
hairs of the tomentum of the leaf start as pluricellular pedicels
which gradually lose themselves in many twisted thick-walled
threads branching freely and interwoven, the ultimate branches
having a pointed end.

The flowers for examination have not been of the best. It
is possible that we have two species here, and that Nos. 13,244,
13,551, and 12,592 should be separated from No. 12,944.

242 BALFouR—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

ug.0Rhododendron jucundum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. Souliet, Diels non Franch. in Notes, R.B.G., Edin., v
(1912), 217.

Frutex vel arbor parva ad 6 m. altus ramis tortuosis plurimis
brevibus. Ramuli hornotini glandulis rubris stipitatis obsiti
subsetulosi annotini ad 3 mm. diam. glandularum vestigiis plus
minusve verrucosi rubidi vetustiores griseo-albi mox desqua-
mantes. Alabastrorum oblongorum acutorum circ. 3 mm. diam.
perulae extimae rotundatae apiculatae vel breviter caudatae
intermediae oblongae ad apicem brevissime ciliolatae intimae
oblongo-spathulatae circ. 3 cm. longae submembranaceae apice
erubescentes pubescentes. Folia ad 8 cm. longa longe petiolata ;
lamina elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga vel fere oblonga ad 6.5 cm.
longa ad 3.5 cm. lata apiculata lateribus paullo convexis margine
cartilaginea basi cordata vel cordulata utrinque pilorum juve-
nilium vestigiis notata supra atro-viridis glabrescens costa media
venisque primariis utrinsecus circ. 13 impressis subtus suberu-
bescens papillis ceriferis brevibus petasiformibus glauca costa
media elevata caeteroquin laevis venarum reti purpurascente
haud elevato lamina in juventute supra pilis paucis stipitatis
digitatim ramosis ramulis setiformibus conspersa subtus glan-
dulis parvis caulifloralibus propinquis aurantiacis nunc albidis
nunc rubidis et praecipue ad costam mediam glandulis stipitatis
elevatis apice rubris obtecta; petiolus circ. 1.5 cm. longus
Pa a 1 & ey | yee | tertate: nitartasce [ a | re Sees |
setulosus). Inflorescentia umbellata terminalis 5—8-flora: bracteae
ignotae ; pedicelli stricti rigidirul tes circ.2 cm.longi glandulis

rubris longe pedicellatis setulosim vestiti in cupulam calycinam
expansi. Calycis cupula circ. 1 mm. longa glandulosa rubida,
lobi oblongi obtusi vel apice rotundati circ. 5 mm. longi mem-
branacei dorso plerumque eglandulosi margine glanduloso-cilio-
lati sed variabiles nunc vix evoluti nunc breviores et glandu-
losiores. Corolla rosea nunc pallida fere alba a basi angusta
aperte campanulata circ. 3 cm. longa extus elepidota epilosa
tubo intus pubescente lobis 5 rotundatis emarginatis circ. 1.2 cm.
longis 2 cm. latis. Stamina 10 inaequalia longiora ultra basim
loborum corollinorum leviter extensa filamentis infra latiori-
bus dense pubescentibus antheris intense coloratis. Ovarium
oblongum glandulis elevatis stipite longo capite rubro dense
vestitum ; stylus eglandulosus pallidus glaber nonnunquam
plus minusve minutissime puberulus corollae vix aequilongus
staminibus longior ; stigma discoideum.

Species cum Rh. Souliei, Franch. olim confusa sed inquisitione
curiosa notis sequentibus facile distinguenda :—foliorum jJuve-
nilium indumento ejusque vestigiis in foliis adultis, corollae
orma, staminibus pubescentibus, stylo eglanduloso.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 243

Yunnan. Open rocky situations on the eastern flank of the
Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Shrub
of 4-8 ft. Flowers pale rose. Forrest. No. 4148. July

Yunnan. Dry rocky situations on mountain meadows on
the eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt.
10,000-11,000 ft. Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers rose-pink.
Forrest. No. 4150. July 1906.

Yunnan. Open mountain meadows on the margins of pine
forests and cane brakes on the eastern flank of the Tali Range.
Lat. 25° 40’N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Shrub of 3-6 ft. Flower
bright lavender-rose. Forrest. No. 4154. Aug. 1906.

Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’
N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub or tree of 10-20 ft. Flowers white
or pale rose. Rhododendron forest. Forrest. No. 6765. July
Igio.
This is a very different plant from P. Souliet with which
Diels identified it. Rh. Souliet, Franch. is a Szechwan plant
and is not recorded from Yunnan. Rh. jucundum is a plant
restricted so far as we know to the eastern flank of the Tali
Range in western Yunnan. Apart from the indumentum
features, which are easily observed, the flower offers two
distinctive characters: the corolla here has not the wide open
form so marked in RA. Souliei, and the style is quite glabrous.

The western flank of the Tali Range contributes three
plants to Mr. Forrest’s collection under Nos. 11,577, 11,578,
and 11,601 which belong to the series including Rh. jucundum,
and are probably new species.

\WA\ Rhododendron ledoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Fruticulus virgatus dense intricatim et tenuiter ramosus.
Ramuli hornotini squamis laxis fulvis porriginosi annotini
squamarum vestigiis nigricantibus induti stipitibus decapitatis
albidis setuloso-hirsuti seniores nudi plus minusve grisei
tandem decorticantes. Alabastra oblonga obtusa parva perulis
mox deciduis anguste ovatis coriaceis extus lepidotis circumdata.
Folia breviter petiolata circ. 1.7 cm. longa crasse coriacea ;
lamina lineari-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata circ. 1.5 cm
longa 5 mm. lata apice obtusa corneo-mucronulata margine
integra idinleds basi obtusa, supra atro-viridis costa media
sulcata caeteroquin obscure venulosa et squamarum vestigiis
conspersis subasperata, subtus fulva squamis contiguis inae-
qualiter stipitatis ex umbone convexo (fulvo-colorato in squa-
mulis longe stipitatis) institaque fimbriata aedificatis ]
imduta costa media elevata; petiolus circ. 2 mm. longus lepi-
dotus. Flores in umbellam capituliformem terminalem rhachi

244 BALFoUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

puberula congesti; inflorescentiae alabastra globosa; bracteae
externae ovatae vel late ovatae obtusae carinatae fulvae cori-
aceae extus lepidotae margine minute albido-ciliatae ; pro-
phylla parva claviformia calyce breviora ciliata; pedicelli
breves ad 1.5 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx parvus circ. 2 mm.
longus fere ad basim fissus lobis imbricatis subrotundatis vel
subellipticis subtruncatis viridibus extus sparsim lepidotis intus
adpresso-puberulis ciliatis. Corollae tubus circ. I cm. longus
angustus circ. I.5 cm. diam. paullo curvatus extus glaber intus
villosulus, limbi explanati discus circ. r mm. latus, lobi circ. 3mm.
lati subrotundati leviter crenulati. Stamina 5 circ. 4 mm. longa
filamentis complanatis deorsum paullo dilatatis supra basim
leviter puberulis antheris oblongis. Ovarium ovoideum 5-
lobatum squamis contiguis parvis dense lepidotum ;_ stylus
clavatus ovario paullo brevior stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species lediformis ex affinitate Rh. cephalanthi, Franch. foliis
parvis angustis, perulis deciduis, prophyllis calyce brevioribus,
inflorescentiae rhachi puberula, pedicellis brevibus lepidotis,
corolla extus glabra, staminum filamentis puberulis, stylo quam
ovarium paullo breviore notata.

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
Alt. 13;000 fti'. Lat.°27°-45'-N, «Shrub of 2 #. In fruit.
Flowers? Open stony pastures. G. Forrest. No. 11,246.
Sept. 1913.

This species of the Cephalanthum series is one of the narrow-
leavyed forms with twiggy shoots on which the leaf-bud scales
do not persist. Its nearest ally is Rh. sphaeranthum, Balf. f.
et W. W. Sm., known from the Fengkow Pass, which has flowered
in cultivation. Rh. ledoides is also in cultivation but I have
not heard that it has flowered: In width of foliage Rh. ledoides
seems to be somewhat variable. Most of Forrest’s specimens
have quite narrow leaves, and the fruit trusses nestling amidst
the twigs recall strongly the features seen in Ledum. One
specimen shows the foliage larger and broader, and it might
pass at sight for Rh. sphacranthum But analysis brings out
characters which sufficiently differentiate the two plants.
Differentiating marks in Rh. ledoides are: the bracteoles shorter

not very much shorter.

With Rh. vadinum, Balf. f£. et W. W. Sm., another lediform
species of the Cephalanthum series, our species has also resem-
blance, but Rh. radinum has persistent not deciduous leaf-bud

BALFOUR=—=NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 245

scale-leaves, has sessile flowers, with corollas densely lepidote
on the outside, and the style is much shorter than the ova

Of Rh. ledoides we have no perfect flowers, only withered
ones attached to young fruits, and there are gaps therefore in
the description.

See also p. 316.

Rhododendron lepidanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex aromaticus ad 1.5 m. altus ramosissimus parvifolius.
Ramuli hornotini squamis flavidis longe stipitatis lepidoti
annotini squamarum decapitatarum stipitibus fulvis plus
minusve setuloso-pubescentes vetustiores grisei decorticantes.
Alabastrorum ovoideorum acutorum perulae pallide helvolae
ovatae coriaceae dorso nitido-lepidotae margine breviter ciliatae
mox deciduae vel partim persistentes. Folia crasse coriacea
breviter petiolata ad 1.7 cm. longa; lamina anguste oblonga
ad 1.5 cm. longa ad 6 mm. lata apice obtusa mucronulata
margine cartilaginea revoluta pedibus setularum detersarum
punctulata (in juventute plus minusve setulosa) basi obtusa
vel cuneata supra atro-viridis costa media sulcata caeteroquin
plana squamarum juvenilium flavidarum vestigiis subpulveru-
lenta subtus cinnamomea squamis peltatis longius stipitatis
umbonatis instita fimbriata cinctis inter se separatis indumenti
spongiosi stratum superius facientibus stratum inferius squam-
arum senilium breviorum obtegentibus (in juventute dense
flavido-lepidota) costa media elevata straminea sparse lepidota ;
petiolus circ. 3 mm. longus lepidotus. Flores albi in umbellas
rhachi glabra capituliformes terminales multifloras (circ. 8)
racemose aggregati; bracteae externae helvolae crustaceo-
coriaceae ellipticae vel late ovatae plus minusve carinatae
a dorso nitido-lepidotae interiores submembranaceae

. 6 mm. longae 3-5 mm. latae obovatae vel subspathulatae
Gitar margine lanato-ciliatae; prophylla ad 7 mm. longa
ramentacea subspathulata vel claviformia uninervia dorso lepi-
dota margine ciliata calycem in floribus inferis aequantia ;
pedicelli inaequales superiores longiores ad 8 mm. longi lepidoti.
Calyx viridis fere ad basim quinquelobatus circ. 4 mm. longus
lobis membranaceis oblongo-ovatis acutis ad 2 mm. latis dorso
lepidotis intus puberulis margine hirsuto-ciliatis. Corollae
carnosulae circ. 1.2 cm. longae obliquae tubus ab axe florali
curvatus circ. 7 mm. longus extus glaber intus ubique villosus
basi subventricosus limbi explanati lobis 5 subrotundatis in-
tegris circ. 3 mm. diam. dorso dense flavido-lepidotis. Stamina
5 circ. 6 mm. longa filamentis basi subtumidis supra basim
minute puberulis antheris oblongis circ. 1 mm. longis. Ovarium
ovoideum circ. 2 mm. longum 5-lobatum squamis flavidis plus

246 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

minusve lepidotum viscidum; stylus ovario paullo brevior
glaber clavatus stigmate lobato coronatus.

Species Rh. Sargentiano, Rehder et Wilson affinis sed
fruticulus major et foliis longioribus, bracteis externis latiori-
bus interioribus longioribus, corollae albae majoris tubo extus
glabro diversa.

unnan. Lichiang Range. Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. Lat.
27° 30’ N. Shrub of 2-5 ft. Flowers white, foliage aromatic.
Alpine pasture, ledges and crevices of cliffs. G. Forrest. No.
10,034. May 1913.

An easily distinguished species of the Cephalanthum series.

It stands somewhere between Rh. cephalanthoides, Balf. f. et

. W. Sm. and Rh. Sargentianum, Rehder et Wilson, having
the larger shrubby habit and elongated leaves of the first-
named species, and possessing only a few of the persistent
scales which are present in the last-named. It has a slightly
fleshy corolla, lepidote on the outside as in Rh. Sargentianum,
but the scales are restricted to a median patch on the under
side of the corolla-lobes, and then the corolla is white not
yellow. Other marks of distinction from Rh. Sargentianum,
are its ovate not oblong outer bracts and its puberulous
stamens.

_ See also p. 316.

ant Rhododendron megacalyx, Balf. f. et Ward.

Arbor ramosa ad 7.5 m. alta. Rami annotini atrorubentes
epilosi vestigiis squamularum albidarum conspersi vetustiores
griseo-desquamantes. Alabastra oblonga acuta perulis externis
epilosis eglandulosis rotundatis intimis obcuneatis apice rotun-
datis omnibus intus glabris extus lepidotis. Folia breviter
petiolata lepidota ad 15 cm. longa; lamina oblongo-elliptica
apice rotundata verrucula incrassata terminata nec acuta nec
acuminata margine cartilaginea vix revoluta basi obtusa supra
glabra laete viridis foveis squamarum delapsarum vel vestigiis
ipsarum notata costa media venisque primariis utrinsecus ad
14 rubidis sulcatis infra pallidior subglauca costa media venisque
primariis rubescentibus elevatis squamis superficialibus peltatis
umbonem convexum annulo rubro et instita peripherica integra
conspicua cinctum exhibentibus praedita caeteroquin papillis
albidis baculiformibus et foveolis plurimis haud contiguis notata
(foveola quaque squama peltata pallide umbonata annulo rubro
institaque angustissima impleta) hic et illic squama majore
superficiali eis costae mediae simili latius fimbriata punctata ;
lamina juvenilis utrinque omnino ‘epidota squamulis paginae
___ superioris imbricatis eis costae mediae inferae maturae similibus

: squamulis paginae inferioris (ut ad maturitatem) haud —_

BALFoUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. _ 247

et dimorphis; petiolus ad 1.5 cm. longus in morem costae mediae
inferae lepidotus. Flores odorati in inflorescentiam umbellatam
circ. 5-floram laxe dispositi; bracteae ignotae; pedicelli ad
3 cm. longi elepidoti eglandulosi atrorubri sub calyce expansi.
Calyx magnus nigro-brunneus cupularis circ. 2.3 cm. longus
chartaceus extus pseudo-furfuraceus basi incrassatus epilosus
elepidotus lobis 5 rotundatis circ. 8 mm. longis 2 cm. latis
obtusis margine membranaceis. Corolla magna circ. 9 cm. longa
alba odorata late infundibuliformi-campanulata basi haud
angustata squamulis translucentibus extus lepidota tubo circ.
6 cm. longo extus glabro, lobis 5 rotundatis circ. 4 cm. latis.
Stamina Io brevia tubo corollino inclusa filamentis basim versus
plus minusve pubescentibus antheris magnis. Ovarium nigrum
dense lepidotum squamis albidis translucentibus ; stylus tubo
corollino longior basi albo-lepidotus ; stigma discoideum lobu-
latum. Capsula calyce inclusa recta circ. 2 cm. longa I cm.
lata extus lutescenti-lepidota.

Species Rh. crasso, Franch. affinis sed splendidior et foliis
oblongis semper obtusis, petiolis brevioribus, pedicellis elepi-
dotis, calyce triplo majore et ad trientem fisso, corolla basi haud
angustata, stylo basi solum lepidoto longe distans ; Rh. excellenti,
Hemsl. et Wilson peraffinis, notis foliorum simillima, pedicellis
calyceque elepidotis distinguenda.

E. Upper Burma. Nwai Valley. Bushy tree of 15-25 feet,

in rain forest, rather open ground, by stream, 7000-8000 ft.
Flower white, smelling very sweetly of nutmeg. Kingdon Ward.
No. 1628. 4th June rg14. .
_.. The plant is an ally of Rh. crassum, Franch.—belonging to
the group of which that species may be taken as the centre—
and like it has a loose few-flowered truss. Its flowers are larger
and want the constricted base to the corolla tube which is found
in Rh. crassum. Its large calyx, three times the size of that in
Rh. crassum, its pedicels without scales, and the style lepidote
only at the base, are also marks separating it. In foliage the
species are somewhat alike, but though Rh. crassum varies con-
siderably in form of leaf, its leaves always seem to have a
sharp-pointed tip. In Rh. megacalyx the leaf apex is never
pointed though the midrib ends in a hard wart. We hope that
Mr. Bulley will have received seeds of this species and that we
shall be able to compare it as a horticultural plant with its
ally Rh. crassum.

And then there is Rh. excellens, Hemsl. et Wilson which the
describers speak of as “‘ undoubtedly the grandest of the Chinese
Rhododendrons and comparable only with the Indian Rah.
Dathousiae, Hk. f. its nearest ally.” But Rh. excellens is not
Teally a very near ally of Rh. Dalhousiae. Its indumentum is

248 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

quite different. There are none of the setose hairs of Rh. Dal-
housiae and the peltate leaf-scales are far apart, leaving a large
area of leaf epidermal surface visible. As Hemsley and Wilson
’ point out there is also the absence of scales on the outside of
the corolla separating the species and that is an emphatic mark
of divergence in this complex. Rh. excellens by all characters
is one of the group of Rh. crassum and stands in it between
Rh. crassum itself and Rh. megacalyx. From the former its
oblong leaves and larger calyx sufficiently separate it ; from
the latter it differs in its longer narrower leaves, lepidote pedicels
and calyx-cup, and in its smaller calyx. It has the indumentum
of the leaf under-surface of Rh. megacalyx. Through the kind-
ness of the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, I have been
enabled to examine the type sheet of Rh. excellens and to
compare it with Ward’s specimens of Rh. megacalyx.

The prominent and easily observed differences are not the
only marks of separation from Rh. crassum. Close examina-
tion of the leaf surface between the scales on the under surface
of the leaf will show that the papillae of the epidermis are
altogether different. In Rh. crassum these papillae are little
low cupolas so that the sides of the papillae are divergent and
a vallecular interval lies between their tops. Only where there
is a scale is there lengthening of the papillae. Beneath the
scale fringe the papillae are elongated and inclined towards the
stalk of the scale thus increasing as it were their protective
value. But in Rh. megacalyx the epidermal papillae are vertical
rods of some length and their sides are parallel. They are set
close together. All these papillae have a granular wax-coat.
Further, in Rh. crassum the pits on the under side of the leaf in
which the scales are set are not very deep: the stalk of the
scale brings the umbo to the mouth of the pit on a level with
the surface of the adjacent epidermis and the scale fringe has
space to spread horizontally as it does. Very different is it in
Rh. megacalyx. There the pits on the under side of the leaf
are deep, the umbo which has very thin cells is not brought to
the mouth of the pit on a level with the epidermal surface,
there is no room for lateral extension of the fringe of the scale,
and it is not only narrower but is turned upwards so that the
scale to surface view has a cuplike appearance. That this
space relation is in causal connection with the narrowness and
direction of the fringe I am not prepared to assert, because
the single specimen of young expanding leaves which I have
seen suggests that from the outset and before the leaf-surface
pits are developed the size and direction of the fringe are deter-
mined. The condition is of interest looking to the modification
of form of the elements of indumentum in the genus. From

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 249

simple hairs one passes to flocks, dendroid forms, fasces, saucers,
to chalices and fringed chalices, all of which forms are, within
limits, definite group marks.

Rhododendron mollicomum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex ad 2 m. altus parvifolius virgatus esetulosus. Ramuli
hornotini purpurei albo-pubescentes squamis paucis peltatis
breviter stipitatis instita angusta cinctis resinosis lepidoti pilis
longis contortis coloratis glandulosis carnosulis praediti annis 2-3
post nudi decorticantes et liberum interiorem fibrosum argenteum
detegentes. Alabastrorum ovoideorum perulae exteriores late-
ovatae vel rotundatae crustaceae extus puberulae et lepidotae
margine longe ciliatae intimae oblongae carinatae acutae erubes-
centes indumento eodem margine breviter ciliatae. Folia ad 2.5
cm. longa petiolata ; lamina crasse coriacea ad 2 cm. longa ad
7 mm. lata oblonga vel oblongo-obovata apice acutiuscula corneo-
mucronulata margine cartilaginea ciliata admodum revoluta basi
subcuneatim obliqua utrinque dense puberula venarum reti costa
media excepta occulto supra opaca viridis (costa media paullo
sulcata) sub indumenti pilis glandulis paucis rubris conspersa
marginem versus tuberculis vestigialibus paucissimis minutis-
simis praedita subtus pallidior inter pilos indumenti squamis
peltatis in foveolas immersis ex umbone magno concavo luteo-
vel rubro-resinoso institaque angusta erecta aedificatis induta ;
petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus indumento paginae inferae vestitus.
Inflorescentia ex umbellis 1-2-floris in axillis foliorum ad apices
ramorum orientibus spiciformiter constructa ; bracteae umbel-
larum exteriores crustaceo-coriaceae late ovatae vel rotundatae
extus adpresso-puberulae et lepidotae, interiores membranaceae
spathulatae circ. 1 cm. longae 1.5 mm. latae extus puberulae
lepidotae ; prophylla circ. r cm. longa circ. 1 mm. lata ligulata
extus puberula et lepidota ; pedicelli circ. 1 cm. longi ramulorum
indumento praediti. Calyx extus puberulus et lepidotus crateri-
formis minutus vix I mm. longus margine obscure 5-lobulatus
lobulis semilunatis. Corollae obliquae ad 1.7 cm. longae coc-
cineae tubus infundibuliformis extus sparse intus conspicue
puberulus i in limbum 5-lobatum ampliatus lobis elliptico-oblongis
circ. 7 mm. longis extus lepidotis. Stamina ro inaequalia longe
exserta filamentis tenuibus basi glabris supra basim ad medium
puberulis antheris elliptico-oblongis circ. 2mm. longis. Ovarium
subcylindricum 5-sulcatum dense lepidotum et puberulum circ.
3-5 mm. longum ; stylus longissimus tenuis stamina multo
superans circ. 3 cm. longus in triente infero puberulus; stigma
discoideum supra lobulatum. Capsula 1 cm. longa 5 mm. lata
subcylindrica fulva puberula et squamis luteo-nitidis lepidota.
Semina pallide straminea longitudinaliter striata oblonga saepe

250 -BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

curvata et angulata ad extremitates obscure lobulato-carun-
culata circ. 1.5 mm. longa

Species Rh. spicifero, Franch. affinis setarum inopia foliis
puberulis admodum revolutis diversa

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers
crimson? Open thicket. G. Forrest. No. 10,347. June
1913; No. 11,490. Oct. 1913

I have not found it easy to discriminate between the two
species of Franchet, Rh. spiciferum, Franch. and Rh. scabrius-

. eulum Franch., both of which belong to a series of Rhododen-

au

drons with characteristic indumentum. Rh. mollicomum, Balf.
f. et W. W. Sm. is a very distinct species although in many ways
like Franchet’s species, but it wants entirely their characteristic
rough setae and is smooth and soft all over.

There are two specimens in Mr. Forrest’s collections, both
from the Chungtien Plateau at gooo-10,000 ft. under Nos.
12,402 and 12,619, which are also this species I believe. They
have larger flowers and a more developed calyx, and Mr. Forrest
describes the flowers as rose or pale rose without markings.

Rhododendron monanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. sulfureum, Diels non Franch. in Notes, R.B.G.,
Edin., v (1912), 66.

Fruticulus ad 1 m. altus patens. Ramuli tenues annotini
circ. 1.5 mm. diam. fusci epilosi rufo-lepidoti tandem (in anno
quaterno) grisei decorticantes. Alabastrorum perulae annos
plures persistentes ovatae oblongae dorso lepidotae margine pilis
contortis longis ciliatae. Folia ad 4.5 cm. longa petiolata ;
lamina elliptica vel oblongo- -elliptica vel oblonga ad 4 cm.
longa 2.5 cm. lata coriacea apice obtusa abrupte vel sub-
acuminatim corneo-mucronulata margine cartilaginea vix re-
curvata pedibus setarum delapsarum plus minusve notata basi
obtusa vel late cuneata supra subnitida fulvo-viridis dense lepi-
dota venarum reti elevato-reticulata costa media sulcata venis
primariis utrinsecus circ. 10 subpatentibus squamarum pelta-
tarum superficialium vestigiis verruculosa subtus olivacea (costa
media elevata caeteroquin venarum reti immerse) squamis inae-
qualibus minoribus et majoribus discontiguis stipite longo umbone
late —_ Tesmoso conyexo institaque integra lata praeditis ex

ceriferis longis baculi-
pes saepe curvatis notata; petiolus rufo-lepidotus ad 5 mm.
longus. Flores solitarii terminales ; bracteae paucae crustaceae

_ fulvae late ovatae vel rotundatae apice submucronulatae extus

minutissime et uniformiter puberulae apice albo-ciliatae : pro-

= : phyla Adbiok tiie. ramentacea brunnea ad 8 mm. longa ; pedicellus

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 251

robustus ad 5 mm. longus dense lepidotus curvatus. Calyx circ.
2 mm. longus extus dense rufo-lepidotus fere obsoletus cupula
margine obscure undulato-lobulata. Corolla lutea campanulata
circ. 2.3 cm. longa extus lepidota intus basim versus paullo
puberula lobis 5 cordatis vel late ovatis vel ellipticis circ. 8 mm.
longis r cm. latis imbricatis emarginatis et subcrenulatis.
Stamina 10 inaequalia longiora corollam subaequantia filamentis
deorsum dilatatis supra basim villosulis antheris oblongis 4 mm.
longis. Ovarium conoideum circ. 4 mm. longum dense luteo-
lepidotum et pilis paucis conspersum; stylus ultra corollam
ad 8 mm. exsertus glaber rectus vel paullo curvatus; stigma
lobulatum.

Species Rh. pachypodo, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis foliis
minoribus ellipticis indumento diverso calyce epiloso inter notas
alias recedit..

Yunnan. Lips: Pass, Mekong-Salween Divide. Alt. 10,000-
11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 10’ N. Small spreading shrub of 2-3 ft.
Flowers, bright yellow. Shady situations on the margins of
pine forests and cane brakes. G. Forrest. No. 951.
Nov. 1905.

An interesting yellow-flowered species distinguished by its
solitary terminal flower. Its nearest ally appears to be Rh.
pachypodum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. Both of the species
have remarkably thick pedicels and exceptionally long styles.
Diels* referred this plant to Rh. sulfureum, Franch. It is
not Franchet’s species. Apart from the yellow flower-colour
they seem to have little in common. See what I say on

p. 283 under Rh. theiochroum about gaps in our knowledge of
Rh. sulfureum.

The peltate scales of the indumentum in this species belong
to the type with well-developed umbo and an entire fringe, its
margin being quite smooth. I may give a warning here.
Many parts of the plant, particularly the leaf-petiole and the
stem, appear to be shortly pilose or puberulous—the hairs being
black and often issuing from the umbo of the scales. This
pilosity is due to a fungus. On the upper leaf-surface in the
old leaves—I know nothing of the young leaves—the peltate
scales persist and appear as little warts. They have short
stalks and are not inserted in pits. On the under surface the
scales are of many sizes, some very small, others large, and they
have conspicuous stalks arising in pits and bringing the disk
of the scale to the surface whence the broad fringe expands.
The epidermal papillae are long and rod-like and are often
curved. The wax-secretion is not enough to give a white colour
to the leaf surface between the scales.

* Diels in Notes, R.B.G., Edin., v (1911), 66.

252 BALFOUR-—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

U@ Rhododendron nwaiense, Balf. f, et Ward.

Frutex ad r m. altus in bambusetis et inter rupes crescens
ramosissimus parvifolius. Ramuli juniores alabastrorum perulis
externis annos plures persistentibus sordide griseis angustis
elongato- triangularibus circ. 5 mm. longis carinatis acutis vel
acuminatis coriaceis dorso ebactire lepidotis margine eciliatis
imbricatim obtecti seniores grisei verruculosi decorticantes.
Alabastra oblongo-ovoidea acuta paucifolia perulis internis mem-
branaceis subspathulatis obtusis apiculatis ciliatis. Folia crasse
coriacea ad 2 cm. longa petiolata; lamina oblonga apice pro-
funde emarginatim recurvata sinu corneo-mucronulato margine
revoluta integra subasperata basi cordulata supra atro-viridis
squamarum peltatarum juvenilium vestigiis conspersis asperata
costa media sulcata caeteroquin venuloso-reticulata rugulosa
subtus fusco-ferruginea squamis peltatis longi-stipitatis et brevi-
stipitatis (illis disco lato praeditis stratum super has breviores
angustiores facientibus) induta costa media elevata primo dense
lepidota tandem fere nuda flavida. Flores sulfurei in um-
bellas circ. 6-floras parvas terminales rhachi puberula dispositi ;
bracteae late ovatae vel rotundatae apiculatae dorso lepidotae
margine ciliatae intus puberulae circ. 5 mm. longae pedicellis
longiores ; prophylla lineari-claviformia ramentacea extus lepi-
dota margine ciliata circ. 4.5 mm. longa calyce breviora ; pedi-
celliad 2 mm. longi lepidoti haud puberuli. Calyx feread basim
in lobos 5 inaequales nunc aequales fissus cupula crateriformi
dense lepidota lobis membranaceis viridibus vel rubidis extus
dense lepidotis margine lepidoto-fimbriatis lobo antico minimo
circ. 3 mm. longo oblongo-obtuso lobis postero-lateralibus saepe
in lobum unum latum circ. 4.5 mm. longum apice dentatum
connatis. Corollae tenuis obliquae 1.5 cm, longae tubus antice
circ. 6.5 mm. longus extus glaber intus pubescens in lobos
explanatos latiusculos circ. 5 mm. longos 7 mm. latos extus
sparsim lepidotos crenulatos sursum ampliatus. Stamina 5 circ.
5 mm. longa filamentis glabris ad basim expansis, antheris
oblongis. Ovarium conoideum 5-lobatum lepidotum circ.
1.5 mm. longum ; stylus rectus haud clavatus ad 2 mm. longus
ovario longior stigmate lobato coronatus,

Species Rh. gymnomisco, Balf. f. et Ward proxima alabas-
trorum perulis persistentibus, foliis saepe emarginatis, pedicellis
epuberulis, corolla sulfurea, staminibus glabris, ovario lepidoto,
stylo puberulo distinguenda.

E. Upper Burma. Ridge of Naung Chaung. Nwai Divide.
Dwarf bushy shrub of 2-3 ft. amongst bamboo brake or in the
open amongst granite boulders about 12,000-13,000 ft. Flowers
sulphur yellow. Cf. very similar sp. from Doker La, MS.

Yolo

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 253

Divide. Not seen on M.Y. Divide. F, Kingdon Ward. No.
1791. 16th July rgr4.

Rh, chamaetortum, Balf, {. et Ward). They agree in having a
reddened calyx without marginal hairs but fringed with scales.
The reddening of the calyx occurs also in Rh. chamaetortum
where it is associated with a slightly ciliate margin but is
not common in the Cephalanthum series. They agree also in
having a style which is longer—only slightly—than the ovary
and which does not show the marked clavate enlargement
upwards to the stigma as in other species of the Cephalan-
thum series. In the general run of their other characters the
species are well within the Cephalanthum limit, and they
differ from one another in a way which marks their distinctness.
The following are easily observed points by which Rh. nwaiense
is diagnosed from its ally: leaves smaller, of a maximum
length of 2 cm,—I should interpolate here that the material
of neither of the species is abundant and of Rh. nwaiense in
particular is rather scanty ; the leaves may therefore be larger
than the specimens available show—scale-leaves of the vegetative
buds narrow-pointed and persistent, fertile bracts much smaller
and narrower, bracteoles shorter than the calyx, pedicels lepidote,
and corolla lobes outside sparingly lepidote.

Rh. nwatense may be taken as the southern form of what
appears in the north as Rh. gymnomiscum.

See also p. 316.

Rhododendron oresbium, Balf. f. et Ward.

Suffruticosum parvifolium fastigiatum ramulis plurimis in-
tertextis. Ramuli hornotini circ..1 cm. longi 1 mm, diam. squamis
peltatis intense brunneis verruculosi seniores nigri tandem
desquamantes. Alabastrorum parvorum ovoideorum perulae

_ paucae externae ovatae vel rotundatae extus rufo-lepidotae

Margine submembranaceae minute ciliatae internae oblongo-
ellipticae obtusae extus ex toto lepidotae saepe cerasino-lepi-
dotae minutissime ciliatae. Folia parva brevissime petiolata
ad 7.5 mm. longa; lamina coriacea oblonga vel elliptica circ.
7 mm. longa 3.5 mm. lata apice rotundata emucronulata margine
subplana basi rotundato-obtusa supra atro-viridis albido-fur-
furacea squamis contiguis persistentibus uniformibus lepidota
(squama quaque ¢ stipite pluricellulari umbone convexo flaccido

254 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

vix nitente institaque membranacea integra umbone latiore
aedificata e foveola profunda oriente) subtus squamis ut supra
constructis rufescenti-nitentibus profundius impressis umbone
concavo discontiguis vestita ad intervalla esquamosa papillis
epidermicis ceriferis quadratis subglauca costa media supra
subsulcata subtus paullo elevata venulis caeteris occultis ; petio-
lus vix 0.5 mm. longus brunneo-lepidotus. Flores in umbellam
2-floram terminalem dispositi; alabastra globosa_ bracteis
mox deciduis externis parvis ovatis coriaceis extus lepidotis
internis rotundatis cuctillatis mucronulatis crustaceo-membrana-
ceis extus lepidotis margine ciliatis; pedicelli parvuli circ.
I mm. longi dense lepidoti. Calyx fere ad basim quinque-
lobatus cupula parva extus lepidota lobis circ. 1.5 mm. longis
aequalibus -vel subaequalibus ovatis submembranaceis acutis
vel obtusis extus plus minusve lepidotis margine saepe lepidoto-
ciliatis apice interdum pilis 1-2 longis terminatis. Corollae
lilacinae circ. 1.4 cm. longae extus elepidotae tubus brevis
circ. 2 mm. longus intus ad faucem brevissime puberulus, limbi
discus concavus circ. 2 mm. latus, lobi rotundati vel oblongo-
elliptici circ. 7 mm. longi et lati margine undulati apice rotundati.
Stamina g (-10?) corollam fere aequantia filamentis validis
supra basim intra faucem corollae floccoso-pubescentibus
pallidis. Ovarium oblongum albido-lepidotum ; stylus pur-
pureus basi puberulus staminibus brevior vel ea vix aequans ;
stigma lobulatum.

Species fastigiata Rh. impedito, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis
sed indumenti subfoliaris squamis fere contiguis stylo staminibus
haud longiore distincta.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Doker La. 13,000-15,000 ft. F.
Kingdon Ward. No. 541. 1913.

Rh. oresbium is one of the Lapponicum series. It re-
sembles Rh. impeditum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. and other species
with discontiguous uniform scales on the leaf under-side and
with elepidote corollas, but is distinguished from them all
by its style, which is puberulous not glabrous at the base
and is not longer than the stamens.

See also p. 300.

Rhododendron pachypodum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex ad 1.5 m. altus laxe ramosus. Rami hornotini
tenues circ. 2 mm. diam. dense rufo-lepidoti epilosi breves.
Alabastrorum anguste ovoideorum acutorum perulae externae
ovato-acuminatae subcarinatae extus dense rufo-lepidotae
internae oblongae angustae subtruncatae apiceque albo-ciliatae.
Folia breviter petiolata ad 8 cm. longa epilosa ; i

ad
cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata lanceolata vel oblanceolata coriacea

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 255

crassiuscula apice breviter acuminata margine leviter revoluta
basi obtusa vel cuneata supra viridis costa media sulcata caetero-
quin reticulata sparsim (juventute copiose) lepidota squamarum
stipite in foveam immerso disco fere libero subtus glauca cerifera
Squamis plurimis nitenti-umbonatis integro-alatis discontiguis
rufis ultra fovearum ora projectis paucis majoribus lepidota
costa media nervisque primariis utrinsecus 7-9 elevatis pallidis
papillis epidermicis petasiformibus; petiolus brevis vix 1
cm. longus rufo-lepidotus. Inflorescentia terminalis umbellata
plerumque 3-flora; flores lutei singulo excepto mox decidui.
Bracteae mox deciduae (non visae) ; pedicelli breves circ. 1.5
cm. longi robusti circ. 3 mm. diam. dense rufi-lepidoti sub
calyce expansi. Calycis lobi 5 crassi rotundati lati nunc deltoidei
circ, 2 mm. longi 4 mm. lati extus lepidoti plus minusve hirsuto-
ciliati. Corolla anguste campanulata circ. 3.5 cm. longa extus
lepidota intus puberula lobis 5 oblongis rotundatis circ. 1.5
cm. latis. Stamina ro corolla inclusa in dimidio inferiore pubes-
centia. Ovarium dense rufo-lepidotum; stylus longissimus
ad 5 cm. longus stamina longe superans persistens sub fructu
plus minusve declinatus ex toto lepidotus vel infra lepidotus
superne sparse pilosus; stigma lobatum. Capsula ovoidea
ad apicem ramulorum solitaria recta rufo-lepidota circ. 1.5
cm. longa 0.75 cm. diam.

Species Rh. melinantho, Balf. f. et Ward, forsan affinis, foliis
multo majoribus, pedicello crasso, stylo longissimo recedens.

Yunnan. Western flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’
N. Alt. gooo-r1o,oo0 ft. Shrub of 2-5 ft. In fruit. Open
stony pasture and amongst scrub. G. Forrest. No. 11,547.
Aug. 1913.

Yunnan. Tali Range, side valleys. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt.
10,000 ft. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers yellow. In open scrub.
G. Forrest. No. 13,512. Aug. 1914.

A most distinct species of the series of lepidote Rhododendrons
which have a conspicuous wax-coating on the under side of the
leaves. Here the epidermal papillae upon the surface of which
the wax-granules appear are rod-like and of some length. The
lepidote indumentum is on the young leaves abundant on the
upper leaf-surface, on the older leaves-it may disappear alto-
gether save for a few scales in the groove of the midrib. On
the under side the scales are always conspicuous and some of
them are larger than the others. Every scale arises in a pit.
The pits are somewhat shallower on the upper surface, and those
on the lower surface are never more in depth than a quarter of
the leaf-thickness. The pits are lined with wax-papillae and the
scale has a stout pedicel which is long enough to project the
upper part of the scale disk outside the mouth of the pit, conse-

D

256 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

quently the periphery of the disk can grow out as a fringe resting
upon the papillate epidermal cells of the adjacent lamina-surface.
The fringe is entire, its cells united throughout their whole
length and bounded on the outside by a firm regular wall. The
umbo is often convex at maturity, and its red secretion gives
a scintillating aspect to the leaf-surface. The scales of the
pedicels and flower-parts are of the same type but they are not
partially sunk in pits.

No other Chinese species with this indumentum has so large
leaves as has Rh. pachypodum. The name is given in reference
to the short and stout pedicel. There is another feature in
the flower region deserving of mention. The umbel is few-
flowered and apparently only one flower in the umbel sets
seeds. On one twig I find two capsules, but usually there is
a solitary capsule on the stout pedicel at the end of the
flowering twig. The flowers available for examination are un-
fortunately withered, and the description given above may
therefore require modification when better specimens are known.
The most conspicuous feature in the flower is the long lepidote
style which persists and in fruit is curved downwards from near
the base. The style which induced the name Rh. longistylum,
given by Rehder and Wilson to one of their species—perhaps a
distant ally—is only 2.5-3 cm. long, just about half the length
of that in our species.

Rh. pachypodum is a plant of the Tali Range, and might
have been expected to occur amongst the collection of Delavay.
But I can find nothing like it, and Mr. Forrest tells me it is a
rare plant.

UG Rhododendron pagophilum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Frutex virgultorum ad 2.5 m. altus ramis dense intertextis
late patentibus. Ramuli hornotini glandulis rubris breviter
stipitatis dense vestiti annotini purpurei circ. 3 mm. diam.
glandulis eisdem quae ad annum quartum vel quintum persistunt
praediti vetustiores sordido-grisei. Alabastrorum circ. r cm.
longorum angustorum elongatorum acutorum perulae externae
ovatae acutae ciliatae interiores oblongae vel subspathulatae
apice rotundatae vel emarginatae extus pubescentes et glandu-
losae subviscidae margine pilis rufis simplicibus vel digitatim
ramosis subglandulosis dense ciliatim vestitae. Folia parva
petiolata ad 7 cm. longa ; lamina coriacea oblongo-elliptica vel
obovata ad 5.5 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata apice rotundata abrupte
rigide apiculata margine anguste cartilaginea plana basi obtusa
vel rotundata supra in juventute atro-viridis epilosa eglandulosa
ad maturitatem glabra viridis nitens costa media sulcata venis
primariis utrinsecus ad 12 immersis vix areolata, subtus pallidior

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 257

in juventute pilis plurimis caulifloris flavidis et rubris induta
paucioribus stipitatis digitatim longe ramosis singulatim prae-
dita maturitate costa media straminea elevata caeteroquin sub-
glauca opaca plana venarum reticulo immerso suberubescente
conspicuo notata papillis ceriferis epidermicis petasiformibus
et pilis minutis caulifloris copiosis subtiliter granulosa hic et
illic pilis stipitatis digitatim ramosis conspersa ; petiolus ad 1.5
cm. longus atro-purpureus glandulis rubris breviter stipitatis
plus minusve vestitus. Flores 3-4 in umbellam veram laxe
dispositi rhachi inter bracteas pedicellosque pilis tortuosis
simplicibus et digitatim ramosis rufis dense obtecta ; bracteae
ignotae; pedicelli ad 1.5 cm. longi atrorubentes stricti glandu-
losi glandulis rubris fere sessilibus sub calyce expansi. Calyx
crassus parvus atrorubens circ. 2.5 mm. longus extus glandulosus
ad medium in lobos 5 late triangulares glandulis rubris dorsalibus
et marginalibus obsitos divisus. Corolla rosea basi intus varo
magno dorsali notata infundibuliformis basi subangustata circ.
3 cm. longa extus eglandulosa epilosa intus basi sparsim puberula
lobis 5 rotundatis emarginatis circ. 1.3 cm. longis 2.5 cm. latis.
Stamina Io inaequalia longiora corolla paullo breviora filamentis
deorsum latioribus tenuiter puberulis. Ovarium conoideum 4.5
mm. longum nigrum (siccitate) glandulis rubris breviter stipitatis
dense vestitum ; stylus glaber corollam subaequans vel paullo
superans ; stigma lobulatum haud discoideum stylo paullo latius.

Species Rh. panteumorpho, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. affinis,
habitu, foliorum indumento, corolla rosea varo rubro maculata
infundibuliformi basi subangustata valde distincta.

Tibeto- Yunnan frontier. Ka-gwr-pw_ glacier valley.
14,000 ft. Scrub plant forming dense interlacing tangles 5-8 ft.
high. On shady slopes with Picea. Kingdon Ward. No. 437-
June 1913. In Herb. Edin.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Doker La. Boulder screes, forest.
16,000 ft. Kingdon Ward. No. 596. 28th June 1913. In
Herb. Edin.

See what I say under Rh. panteumorphum, Balf. f. et W. W.
Sm. Rh. pagophilum is a typical member of the group which
includes Rh. panteumorphum.

agis Rhododendron panteumorphum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. selense, Diels non Franch. in Notes, R.B.G., Edin.,
vii (1913), 295. pre:

Frutex ad 1.2 m. altus. Rami annotini circ. 2.5 mm. diam.
glandulis rubris globosis vel ellipsoideis fere sessilibus vestiti.
Alabastrorum oblongorum angustorum circ. 4 mm. diam. perulae
externae spadiceae ovato-rotundatae extus granulosae margine
minute ciliolatae interiores elongatae subspathulatae membran-

258 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

aceae. Folia petiolata ad 10.5 cm. longa; lamina oblongo-
elliptica ad g cm. longa ad 5 cm. lata apice rotundata abrupte
rigide apiculata apiculo ad 1.5 mm. longo margine plana tenuis-
sime cartilaginea basi rotundata vel subcordulata supra atro-
viridis ad maturitatem glabra hic et illic pilorum juvenilium
vestigiis aliquando notata costa media paullo elevata sulcataque
venis primariis utrinsecus ad 15 impressis caeteroquin sub-
tiliter areolata subtus pallidior olivacea opaca costa media
erubescente prominula caeteroquin plana conspicue rubido-
venulosa granulosa papillis ceriferis epidermicis petasiformibus
pilisque minutis caulifloris flavidis vel rubris conspersis praedita ;
petiolus validus ad 1.75 cm. longus glaber vel glandulis sparsis
praeditus. Flores in umbellam vel racemo-umbellam ad 8-floram
laxam dispositi rhachi circ. 5 mm. longa pilis longe stipi-
tatis digitatim ramosis ramulis rubris tortuosis dense obtecta.
Bracteae non visae. Pedicelli rubidi circ. 2 cm. longi glandulis
rubris breviter stipitatis vestiti sub calyce expansi. Calyx
crassus parvus 2.5 mm. longus ruber extus pedicello similis .
rubro-glandulosus in dentes 5 late triangulares extus margineque
rubro-glandulosos ad medium fissus. Corolla lutea circ. 3 cm.
longa a basi vere campanulata intus fundo puberula extus
eglandulosa epilosa lobis 5 rotundatis circ. 1.2 cm. longis 1.5
cm. latis emarginatis. Stamina 10 inaequalia longiora vix
corolla breviora filamentis deorsum latioribus et puberulis.
Ovarium (siccitate) nigrum circ. 3.5 mm. longum glandulis
rubris fere sessilibus (quasi in costa media cujusque carpelli
tantum) sparsissime praeditum ; stylus glaber corollam paullo
superans ; stigma parvum lobulatum stylo vix latius.

Species olim cum Rh. selensi, Franch. confusa a qua corolla
lutea staminibusque puberulis satis differt ; Rh. Wardii, W. W.
Sm. aliquantum affinis sed calyce parvo, filamentis puberulis,
stylo eglanduloso divergens.

Yunnan. Marshy mountain meadows on the Mekong-Sal-
ween Divide north-west of Tsekou. Lat. 28° 5’ N. Alt. r1,000—
12,000 ft. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers yellow. Forrest. No.
5068. Sept. 1904. In Herb. Edin.

Yunnan. Pére Monbeig. No. 12. In Herb. Kew.

Rh. panteumorphum is one of those Chinese Rhododendrons
possessing medium-sized leaves of a more or less elliptic shape,
sometimes oblong elliptic, approaching rounded, with rounded or
cordulate base and with funnel-shaped flowers in loose trusses,
the styles always glabrous. All of them give promise of being
effective garden plants. The under surface of the leaves in all
of them appears to casual observation to be glabrous, but in
them, as in such Himalayan forms as Rh. Thomsoni, Hook. f.
and Rh. campylocarpum, Hook. f., the under surface is studded

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 259

more or less with glands which are stalked and have clavate
greasy summits sometimes branched, and these glands are
coloured yellow or red. There are several such Chinese species
in addition to Rh. panteumorphum; for instance, Rh. Peer
philum, Balf. f. et Ward, Rh. jucundum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm
Rh. selense, Franch. Some of them have been hitherto mis-
named Rh. Souliei, Franch. That species is the centre of a
series with open corolla and glandular style—easily recognised
characters seen also in Rh. puralbum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.,
Rh. Wardiit, W. W. Sm., Rh. Williamsianum, Rehder et Wilson.

Rh. panteumorphum ‘is the plant named Rh. selense, Franch.
in Plantae Forrestianae by Diels. It is not Franchet’s species.
Its fine yellow corolla readily distinguishes it.

~y\o Rhododendron platyphyllum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. var. platyphyllum, F —s mss.
ex Diels in Notes, R.B.G., Edin., v (1912), 2

Frutex aromaticus ad I.5 m. altus ee tiateg on # tortuose
ramosus. Ramuli hornotini fulvi squamis longius et brevius
stipitatis dense furfuraceo-lepidoti vetustiores primo squamis
integris nigricantibus et squamarum decapitatarum stipitibus
porriginosi quasi-setulosi deinde subscabridi grisei decorti-
cantes alabastrorum perulis externis —— annos plures
persistentibus verticillatim inter se distantibus praediti.
Alabastrorum oblongo-ovoideorum ates externae circ.
8 mm. longae crustaceo-coriaceae late ovatae carinatae api-
culatae dorso lepidotae margine setuloso-ciliatae interiores
deciduae tenues membranaceae flavidae ovatae vel subspathu-
latae margine hirsuto-ciliatae extus lepidotae intus puberulae
ad 2.5 cm. longae 1 cm. latae. Folia ad 5.5 cm. longa petiolata ;
lamina oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel elliptica ad 5 cm. longa
2.5 cm. lata coriacea apice obtusa saepe emarginatim recurvata
corneo-mucronata (in juventute costa media longe excurrente)
margine cartilaginea paullo revoluta obscure undulata vel
minute crenulato-denticulata hirsuto-setulosa vel setarum pedi-
bus punctulata basi obtusa supra olivacea glabrescens costa media
sulcata venis primariis utrinsecus circ. 8 paullo sulcatis caetero-
quin areolatim rugulosa squamarum juvenilium vestigiis obscure
conspersa (in juventute atrorubens et squamis latis lepidota)
subtus cinnamomea porriginosa costa media elevata straminea
laxe lepidota venarum reti caeteroquin occulto indumenti
squamis longe stipitatis disco spadiceo ex umbone institaque lata
fimbriata aedificato stratum superius construentibus squamas
brevi-stipitatas incoloratas obtegentibus ; lamina juvenilis dense
luteo-lepidota ; petiolus circ. 5 mm. longus crassus lepidotus et
quasi-setulosus. Flores lactei circ. 8 in ‘umbellam veram termi-

260 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

nalem subcapitatim dispositi; bracteae steriles late ovatae acu-
minatim apiculatae ad 1:cm. longae extus lepidotae margine
minute ciliatae intus puberulae fertiles obovatae vel obovato-
spathulatae ad 1.2 cm. longae 6 mm. latae membranaceae
extus lepidotae margine minutissime ciliatae deciduae; pro-
phylla circ. r cm. longa membranacea calyce longiora clavi-
formia circ. r mm. lata dorso lepidota margine minute ciliata ;
pedicelli circ. 4 mm. longi lepidoti epilosi. Calyx circ. 5 mm.
longus poculiformis fere ad basim in lobos 5 subaequales
erectos fissus cupula lepidota lobis membranaceis dorso lepidotis
ad apicem pilis longis sparsissime praeditis. Corolla circ. 2 cm.
longa tubo extus glabro intus dense villosulo sursum in limbum
amplum obliquum 5-lobatum explanato lobis subaequalibus
rotundatis circ. 1 cm. diam. crenulatis. Stamina 5 tubo corol-
lino inclusa circ. 6 mm. longa filamentis deorsum dilatatis
basim versus minutissime puberulis antheris ohlongis circ.
I.5 mm. longis. Ovarium 1.5 mm. longum lobatum dense
luteo-lepidotum ; stylus viridis clavatus glaber ovarium aequans
stigmate lobato coronatus.

Species Rh. cephalantho, Franch. valde affinis foliis latioribus
ad 2.5 cm., perulis persistentibus late ovatis, prophyllis calyce
longioribus ciliatis haud villosis, calyce breviore apice sparsim
longe ciliato haud villoso, corollae tubo latiore breviore, limbo
ampliato explanato, lobisque majoribus recedit.

Yunnan. Dry exposed ledges of cliffs on the eastern flank
of the Tali Range. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Lat. 25° 40’ N.
Shrub of 2-5 ft. Flowers pure white. Foliage strongly aro-
matic. G. Forrest. No. 4155. Aug. 1906.

Yunnan. Tali Range. Alt. 10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 4o’ N.
Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers membranous creamy white, occasion-
ally faintly flushed rose on exterior. On ledges of cliffs and in
bamboo brakes. G. Forrest. No. 11,730. June 1913.

Yunnan. Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. G. Forrest. No.
13,526. July ror4.

Dr. Diels attached the name Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. var.
platyphylium, Franch. to Forrest’s specimen No. 4155, and under
the name the plant is recorded in Plantae Forrestianae.* There
has been no other publication of the name, to my knowledge.
From Dr. Diels it has been learned that he found the name
written by Franchet on a sheet in the Paris Herbarium and
adopted it, as he did in several other like instances. From the
facts one may conclude that Franchet intended to mark the
plant as different from Rh. cephalanthum, Franch., but circum-
stances did not permit of his making critical examination of it,

* Notes, R.B.G., Edin., v (1911), 211.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 261

and he published no description. Had he been able to do so he
would have seen that the differences which analysis brings out
are pronouncedly specific.

Rh. platyphyllum finds undoubtedly its nearest ally in Rh.
cephalanthum, and if the size of its leaves is the most evident
difference between the two species it is supported by many
other differential characters which are not difficult to observe.
Rh. cephalanthum is one of the species of small-leaved Rhodo-
dendrons which retain for several years the outer leaf-bud scale-
leaves. These cover more or less the branches and are sharp-
pointed with prominent dorsal rib, showing the remains of the
indumentum and marginal hairs that coated them at an earlier
period. In Rh. platyphyllum we have the same persistence of
leaf-bud scale-leaves, but the scale-leaves are broadly ovate or
rounded with or without a keel and only apiculate. In the young
condition the difference between the scale-leaves is extremely
marked. Whilst those of Rh. cephalanthum have shaggy margins
those of Rh. platyphylium are minutely ciliate. The bracteoles
(prophylla) are diagnostic. In Rh. cephalanthum they are shorter
and broader, reaching only about half way up the calyx; in
kh. platyphylium they exceed in length the calyx. The flowers
of the two species are no less different. Rh. cephalanthum has
a campanulate slightly patent calyx which is some 8 mm. long
about one-third the length of the corolla, its lobes are shaggy,
often erose, the corolla has a long tube, and the lobes are only
about 5 mm. broad more or less erecto-patent ; whilst in Rh.
platyphyllum the calyx is cup-shaped with lobes about 5 mm.
long about one-quarter the length of the corolla, and these
which may also be erose have only a few longish hairs at the
top; the corolla has a short tube with lobes about r cm. long
which apparently are flat or even repand.

See also p. 316.

Ut\* Rhododendron praeclarum, Balf. f. et Farrer.

Fruticulus parvus decumbens divaricatus ramosissimus.
Ramuli annotini circ. 1 mm. diam. dense fusco-lepidoti vetus-
tiores squamarum vestigiis sordidis vestiti tandem cinerei
decorticantes corticem interiorem flavido-cinereum detegentes.
Alabastrorum ovoideorum parvorum obtusorum perulae mox
deciduae externae rotundatae spadiceo-brunneae paucae sub-
carinatae circ. 5 mm. longae dorso lepidotae minutissime albo-
ciliolatae interiores fuscae spathulatae obtusae ad 6 mm. latae
squamis paucis latis dorso lepidotae apicem versus minute
puberulae margine longe ciliatae. Folia crasse coriacea petiolata
ad 2.5 cm. longa; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica circ.
2 cm. longa 1 cm. lata apice obtusa mucrone longo terminata

262 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

margine vix revoluta integra subasperata basi obtusa vel late
cuneata vel subrotundata supra atro-viridis squamarum juven-
ilium citrinarum vestigiis conspersis obscure pulverulenta costa
media sulcata caeteroquin reticulatim rugulosa subtus cinna-
momea indumento squamarum peltatarum longius stipitatarum
discis latis in stratum sublaxum uniforme superficiale squamas
breviter stipitatas obtegens dispositarum induta costa media
primo omnino lepidota deinde subnuda (lamina juvenilis
utr nque citrino-lepidota eciliata margine squamulis asperata) ;
petiolus circ. 4 mm. longus cinnamomeus lepidotus. Flores
in umbellas capituliformes terminales ad 8-floras congesti ;
bracteae exteriores rotundatae circ. 5 mm. diam. ecarinatae
crassae extus densissime lepidotae ala angusta submembranacea
limbatae margine minutissime ciliolatae interiores coriaceae
haud membranaceae spadiceo-brunneae late spathulatae ad
7 mm. longae 4 mm. latae dorso medio virides lepidotae margine
ciliatae; prophylla lineari-claviformia ramentacea puberula
dorso apicem versus sparsim lepidota margine ciliata calycem
aequantia ad 6 mm. longa ; pedicelli circ. 1.5 mm. longi lepidoti.
Calyx poculiformis ad 4 mm. longus ultra medium fissus extus
dense lepidotus viridis lobis b is subaequalibus oblongis
acutis vel obtusis intus glabris margine apiceque lepidoto-
fimbriatis eciliatis. Corollae paullo obliquae elepidotae circ.
1.4 cm. longae tubus antice circ. 8 mm. longus extus glaber
intus plus minusve villosulus in limbum latum 5-lobatum
expansus lobis subellipticis subaequalibus circ. 5 mm. latis
crenulatis. Stamina brevia circ. 4 mm. longa filamentis deorsum
paullo dilatatis glabris antheris rufis oblongis 1 mm. longis.
Ovarium circ. 1.5 mm. longum ovoideum lobatum lepidotum ;
stylus ovario paullo brevior clavatus flavidus stigmate lobato
coronatus.

Species nova Rh. cephalantho, Franch. affinis foliorum indu-
mento minus laxo, floribus flavis, prophyllis calycem aequantibus,
inflorescentiae rhachi puberula, pedicellis lepidotis brevibus,
calycis lobis viridibus lepidotis margine lepidoto-fimbriatis,
corolla glabra, staminum filamentis glabris, stylo quam ovarium
breviore notata.

Kansu. A decumbent straggling little plant on cool rock
surfaces and mossy banks about beck-gullies high up on the
Thundercrown Range, but not common till you get to Lotus
Mountain and the main Min San. Farrer. F. 88. 2oth June
IgI5.

I expected this plant coming from Kansu would prove to be
Rh. anthopogonoides, Maxim. which was collected by Przewalski
in 1872, but Mr. Farrer’s plant is very different. It has smaller
leaves and their indumentum is much more that of the

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 263

Cephalanthum series, and yet it is not so loose and spongy as is
typical there. The broad disks of the scales are very beautifully
seen in this new species. The colour of the indumentum is
darker (on the way to rufescent) than in any other species of the
series. The flowers are bright yellow as they are in Rh. gym-
nomiscum, Balf. f. et Ward, Rh. nwatense, Balf. f. et Ward and
in Rh. Sargentianum, Rehder et Wilson of the series. The
large leathery bracts with broad soft scales on the back are char-
acteristic, and it is one of the species that has a puberulous rhachis
to the inflorescence and lepidote short pedicels. The calyx is
distinctive from most species of the series the lobes having a
lepidote margin. The stamens have glabrous filaments, and the
style is shorter than the ovary.

I hope Mr. Farrer has introduced to cultivation this beautiful
little species.

See also p. 316.

2+ Rhododendron praestans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex grandifolius ad 9 m. altus ramis ultimis crassis.
Ramuli juveniles circ. 7.5 mm. diam. albidi laeves indumenti
strato nitente obtecti vetustiores indumenti vestigiis conspersi.
Alabastra ignota. Folia magna petiolata ad 35 cm. longa;
lamina crasse corlacea longe cuneata a regione latissima prope
apicem deorsum attenuata apice rotundata margine cartilaginea
vix revoluta basi stricte cuneata supra viridis glabra costa
media lata venisque primariis utrinsecus circ. 13 sulcatis subtus
albida nitens costa media venisque primariis elevatis reticulo
ultimo occulto ubique strato compacto crustiformi tenui uni-
formi persistente ex pilis floccoso-ramosis pede colorato brevis-
simo ramulisque latis longis unicellularibus vacuis vesiculosis
intertextis aedificato vestita ; petiolus crassus circ. 2 cm. longus
indumento albido obtectus mox glabrescens. Flores laxe race-
moso-umbellati, inflorescentiae circ. 12-florae, rhachis circ. 4 cm.
longa plus minusve rubiginoso-tomentosa. . Bracteae fertiles
ligulatae vel subspathulatae extus glabrae intus tomentosae ;
pedicelli circ. 5 cm. longi rubiginoso-tomentosi ad apicem sub
calyce oblique expansi. Calyx parvus plus minusve tomentosus
lobis inaequalibus deltoideis vel subrotundatis circ. 2 mm. longis.
Corolla carnosula circ. 4 cm. longa late campanulata tubo circ.
3 cm. longo basi gibboso lobis 8 rotundatis emarginatis circ.
I cm. longis 1.5 cm. latis. Stamina 16? inclusa filamentis
glabris. Ovarium oblongum dense fasciatim ochraceo-tomento-
sum eglandulosum ; stylus corolla brevior. Capsula vix curvata
circ. 4 cm. longa 1 cm. lata rubiginoso-tomentosa. Semina
oblonga complanata ala angusta arillata circ. 2.5 mm. longa
pallide straminea.

264 BaLFourR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Species Rh. sino-grandi, Balf. f- et W. W. Sm. proxima foliis
longe cuneatis breviterque petiolatis, pedicellis longioribus
tenuioribus minus tomentosis distincta.

Yunnan. Kari Pass. Mekong- Yangtze Divide. Lat.
27° 40’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Shrub of 20-30 ft. Flower? In
rhododendron forests. Forrest. No. 13,023. Aug. IgI4.

A large-leaved species, of which we hope to learn more from
cultivated plants than is possible from the two specimens
collected by Mr. Forrest, one with ripe fruits, the other passing
into fruit and with withered flowers. It is a species of the
Grande group, having the characteristically veined leaves with
white indumentum of floccose interwoven hairs forming a
shining crust-like coating on their under side. The long cuneate
leaves separate it from its Chinese ally Rh. sino-grande, Ballf. f. et
W. W. Sm., as also from the two Indian species of the group, the
Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan Rh. grande, Wight, and the Manipur
Rh. Macabeanum, Watt. Rh. grande is a wonderfully constant
type in form of leaf—long oblong leaves always widest at the
middle. Rh. Macabeanum has wider leaves than Rh. grande
and they may become somewhat rotund but seem to be always
widest at the middle. Rh. sino-grande also is consistent with
this type, only in one large leaf have I seen the tendency to
obovate showing. Here in Rh. praestans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
the leaves are always widest close to the apex and then taper
gradually and regularly in cuneate fashion to the base. The
inflorescence is much less compact than in Rh. stno-grande, the
rhachis is longer, the pedicels thinner, and they as well as the
calyx are much less tomentose than in Rh. sino-grande.

The corolla in our specimens is much shrivelled and is
attacked by an Ascomycete which has formed its small round
black fructifications all over the surface. These in the dried
state shrink from their summit into cup-like disks extremely like,
and at first glance to be mistaken for, the scales which appear
so abundantly on the corollas of many species of Rhododendron,
making them quite lepidote. The disease is one affecting many
species of Rhododendron.

Rh. praestans may be regarded as the northern representa-
tive in Yunnan of the southern Rh. sino-grande.

yer Rhododendron proteoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 2605

lanatae interiores ramentaceae brevissime petiolatae lanceolatae
margine rufo-lanatae. Folia circ. 4.5 cm. longa crassissime
coriacea petiolata; lamina oblonga ad 4 cm. longa ad I cm.
lata apice obtusa (costa media in tuberculum corneum apice
revoluto occultum excurrente) margine admodum revoluta basi
paullo attenuata supra laete viridis costa media venisque
primariis utrinsecus circ. Io sulcatis areolatim rugulosa glabres-
cens sed pilorum juvenilium stipitibus conspersa subtus indu-
menti lanati rufi persistentis strato I-2 mm. crasso ex toto
obtecta indumenti pilis robuste breviterque stipitatis apice
in filamenta contorta intricatim intertexta copiose ramosis
costam mediam elevatam omnino obtegentibus; petiolus
crassus latus usque ad 5 mm. circ. 5 mm. longus indumenti
rufi strato ad 2 mm. diam. tunicatus. Flores in umbellas 8-
floras terminales aggregati; bracteae exteriores persistentes
crustaceae late ovatae vel rotundatae carinatae plus minusve
apiculatae vel subacuminatae dorso margineque subluteae fusco-
lanatae fertiles citrinae deciduae subspathulatae ad 2 cm. longae
extus intusque fusco-sericeae; prophylla ramentacea citrina
pubescentia anguste ligulato-claviformia circ. 1 cm. longa pedi-
cellum aequantia ; pedicelli crassi circ. 1 cm. longi (sub fructu
ad 1.5 cm.) tunica lanuginosa I mm. crassa pallide lateritia
obtecti. Calyx atro-purpureus fere obsoletus circ. 1.5 mm
longus cupula extus glabrescente vel puberula lobis deltoideis
vel sublunatis vel subrotundatis apice margineque longe pilosis.
Corolla citrina coccineo-maculata infundibuliformis circ. 2 cm.
longa tubo extus glabro intus basi obscure puberulo sursum
in limbum 5-lobatum expanso lobis inaequalibus posticis rotun-
datis circ. 8 mm. longis 1.2 cm. latis emarginatis subcrenulatis.
Stamina Io inaequalia corollae tubum subaequantia filamentis
deorsum dilatatis a basi ad medium minute puberulis, antheris
parvis circ. I mm. longis. Ovarium pilis longis fasciatim
Tramosis pallide lateritiis glandulisque claviformibus brevioribus
vestitum circ. 2.5 mm. longum; stylus glaber tenuis staminibus
longior corolla brevior apicem versus dilatatus stigmate lobulato
coronatus. Capsula nigra vel atro-rubens tomento lanato deter-
sili plus minusve obtecta basi calyce aucto ad 3 mm. longo
lobis rubris late ovatis inclusa circ. 1 cm. longa 5 mm. lata.
Semina oblonga longitudinaliter striata circ. 1.5 mm. longa
straminea ecarunculata.

Species bene distincta Rh. Roxieano, G. Forrest affinis
sed foliis brevibus obtusis et floribus citrinis facile recogno-

. $cenda

Yunnan. Mekong-Salween Divide. Alt. 12,000—13,000 ft.
Lat. 28° 14’ N. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers pale canary yellow,
with crimson markings. Open situations amongst boulders and

oe

266 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

on ledges of cliffs. G. Forrest. No. 13,348. Sept. 1915; in |
fruit. No. 13,470. Oct. 1914.

e of the most striking species in Forrest’s collection. The
thick coriaceous leaves with the dense coating of bright rufous
indumentum tells of a dry environment. The leaves are so
much reflexed at the margin that only a narrow strip of the
under-leaf surface covered with the rufous wool is visible. The
hairs of the indumentum are much contorted and interwoven,
and come off in bunches from a thick pedicel which swells up
into a knob whence the branches take origin. The hairs easily
separate from the stalk. The same kind of indumentum is
seen in Rh. Roxieana, G. Forrest, the nearest ally of our plant,
and there too the leaf margins are much reflexed, but the blunt
rounded leaf apices of Rh. proteoides diagnose it readily.
kh. proteoides is said to have canary-coloured flowers, and for
this should be in cultivation a more desirable plant than
Rh. Roxieanum, which has whitish and rose flowers.

Rhododendron puralbum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex virgatus ad 4.5 m. altus. Ramuli hornotini glabri
annotini virides ad 3 mm. lati vetustiores grisei. Alabastrorum
parvorum circ. 8 mm. longorum oblongorum perulae inter-
mediae firmae late ovatae apiculatae glabrae margine minutis-
sime ciliolatae. Folia longe petiolata ad 9 cm. longa; lamina
chartacea ad 7.5 cm. longa ad 4 cm. lata anguste oblongo-ovata
apice subacuta rigide mucronata margine anguste cartilaginea
plana basi truncata nec cordata supra in juventute pilis floccosis
vel stipitatis et digitatim ramosis sparsim conspersa maturitate
atro-viridis glabra saepe vestigia pilorum juvenilium exhibens
obscure areolata costa media leviter sulcata venis primariis
utrinsecus ad g impressis subtus ab initio pilis minutis brevis-
simis caulifloris albis vel flavido-rubris praedita pallidior opaca
costa media ad basim elevata caeteroquin laevis venarum reti
ultimo rubro-tincto conspicuo epidermide in papillas globosas
excreta ; petiolus ad 2.5 cm. longus eglandulosus rubro-viridis.
Flores in umbellam 8-floram terminalem dispositi. Alabastra
florum ignota. Pedicelli rigidi circ. 4 cm. longi glabri vel
glandulis rubris parvis fere sessilibus paucis conspersi sub calyce
paullo expansi. Calyx muscoso-viridis ad 8. 5 mm. longus 5-
lobatus basi cupuliformis glandulis rubris brevissime stipitatis
paucis conspersus lobis membranaceis venulosis inaequalibus
maximis circ. 6 mm. longis 5 mm. latis rotundatis vel oblongo-
rotundatis margine glanduloso-ciliatis dorso basi nunc glandu-
losis. Corolla alba a basi late pateriformis circ. 4 cm. longa
extus elepidota epilosa intus glabra lobis 5 brevibus circ. I. 5 cm.
longis 3 cm. latis rotundatis undulatis subemarginatis. Stamina

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 267

I0-I2 inaequalia parte integra corollae breviora filamentis
deorsum latioribus et minutissime puberulis antheris latis 2.5 mm.
longis. Ovarium (in siccitate) nigrum conoideum circ. 4 mm.
longum glandulis rubris elevatis breviter stipitatis obtectum ;
stylus corolla triente brevior staminibus longior ex toto rubro-
glandulosus ; stigma parvum lobulatum.

Species Rh. Souliei, Franch. affinis, foliis chartaceis non
coriaceis anguste oblongo-ovatis nunquam cordatis, papillis
epidermicis ceriferis globosis, petiolis eglandulosis, corolla alba
pura, staminum filamentis minutissime puberulis diversa ; Rhodo-
dendro Wardii, W. W. Sm. etiam similis sed foliis oblongo-
ovatis non cordulatis apice subacutis, papillis epidermicis, corolla
puralba recedens.

Yunnan. Mountains in-the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat.
27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Shrub of 12-15 ft. Flowers pure
white. ‘In rhododendron and mixed scrub. Forrest. No.
10,616. July 1913.

Yunnan. Mountains west of Fengkow. Lat. 27° 40’ N.
Alt. 14,000 ft. Flowers pure white. Forrest. No. 12,698.
June 1914.

This charming species should be a valuable horticultural
acquisition. It is a much larger plant than its allies Rh. Soulzer,
Franch. and Rh. Wardii, W. W.Sm. We have seedlings.

.» Rhododendron pycnocladum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffrutex parvifolius nanus patens ad I m. altus ramosis-
simus ramulis brevibus lignosis. Ramuli annotini circ. I-2 cm.
longi 1.25 mm. diam. squamis peltatis ferrugineis dense porri-
ginosi seniores sordide grisei mox decorticantes. Alabastrorum
parvorum circ. 3.5 mm. longorum oblongo-ovoideorum perulae
paucae exteriores ovatae extus ferrugineo-lepidotae interiores
subspathulatae vel rotundatae cucullatae subalbidae dorso rufo-
lepidotae margine lanato-ciliatae. Folia petiolata crasse cori-
acea ad 1.2 cm. longa; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica
circ. ad 1 cm. longa ad 6 mm. lata apice rotundata mucrone
decurvo terminata margine leviter revoluta basi obtusa vel
late cuneata vel subrotundata supra atro-viridis canescens
squamis peltatis fere contiguis persistentibus uniformibus induta
(squamarum instita albida umbone plus minusve luteo-nitente)
subtus laete brunnea punctata squamis peltatis biformibus con-
tiguis persistentibus plerisque adpressis umbone depresso
resinoso-nitido institaque albida paucis majoribus conspersis
longius stipitatis umbone institaque brunneis obtecta ; petiolus
circ. 2 mm. longus squamis furfuraceus. Flores haud fragrantes
solitarii terminales. Alabastra globosa bracteis rotundatis cucul-
latis extus lepidotis margine ciliatis. Pedicelli breves lepidoti

War

.

268 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

vix I.5 mm. longi. Calyx circ. 3.5 mm. longus fere ad basim
5-lobatus lobis oblongis aequalibus vel inaequalibus obtusis
viridibus vel rubro-purpureis dorso margineque lepidotis
ciliatis vel eciliatis. Corollae caesiae circ. 1 cm. longae extus
lepidotae tubus latus poculiformis basi subventricosus circ.
2 mm. longus ad faucem albo-villosus in limbum ampliatum
patenter expansus disco circ. 2 mm. lato lobis oblongis undulatis
circ. 6 mm. longis. Stamina ro corolla breviora filamentis
pallide purpureis supra basim ad faucem corollae albovillosis.
Ovarium pallide viride canescenti-lepidotum ; stylus glaber
purpureus corolla staminibusque longior; stigma lobulatum.
Capsula circ. 5 mm. longa calyce aucto inclusa 5-valvata.

Species fastigiata foliis ellipticis supra atro-viridibus subtus
brunneis squamis contiguis biformibus praeditis, corolla extus
lepidota distinguenda.

Yunnan. Dry ledges and clefts of limestone cliffs on the
eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 10’ N. Alt.
I0,000-11,000 ft. Spreading dwarf shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers
blue lavender, base of corolla white, non-fragrant. Forrest.
No. 2181. May 1906.

Yunnan. On ledges of limestone cliffs and humus-covered
boulders. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. -Alt. 11,000 ft.
Lat. 27° 30’ N. Shrub of $3} ft. Flowers purplish blue.
Forrest. No. 5879. June 1gio.

This species is very distinct within the Lapponicum series
of Rhododendrons. Its short-twigged growth gives it a habit
distinct from Rh. diacritum, Balf. f. et W. W.Sm., Rh. drumonium,
Balf. f. et Ward, and Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.,
with which by technical characters of indumentum and flower
it may be associated. It is like these, one of a small group
of Rhododendrons which have contiguous bicolour punctulate
scales on the under-leaf surface which is here bright brown
in tin

See also p. 300.

Rhododendron radinum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Fruticulus nanus ravus ad 6 dm. altus parvifolius copiose
ramosus. Ramuli hornotini circ. 1 mm. diam. squamulis longe
stipitatis flavido-albidis porriginosi annotini griseo-fulvi stipitibus
albidis squamarum decapitatarum setuloso-hirsuti tandem grisei
decorticantes. Alabastrorum elongato-ovoideorum perulae per-
sistentes externae angustae a basi lanceolatae acutae vel acumin-
atae carinatae extus lepidotae margine ciliatae circ. 3 mm. longae
I mm. latae interiores membranaceae ligulatae ad 6 mm. longae
i mm. latae longe ciliatae. Folia angusta ad 2.4 cm. longa
petiolata ; lamina lineari-lanceolata vel oblanceolata ad 2 cm.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF .RHODODENDRON. 269

longa ad 5 mm. lata apice obtusa mucronulata margine revoluta
basi gradatim in petiolum brevem ad 4 mm. longum lepidotum
attenuata, supra atro-viridis squamis siccis umbone citrino
institaque fimbriata albida plus minusve pulverulentim obtecta
quasi subasperata costa media subsulcata caeteroquin reticulo
occulto, subtus pallide alutacea subspongiosa squamis contiguis
inaequaliter stipitatis porriginosa plurimis longioribus umbone
institaque latis stratum superius facientibus caeteris pallidioribus
in stratum inferius dispositis costa media prominula. Flores
roseo-albi in umbellas parvas multifloras breviter racemose
capituliformes terminales rhachi puberula congesti inter ramulos
hornotinos subflorales praecoces immersi; bracteae externae
coriaceae fulvae ovatae subacuminatae extus lepidotae margine
ciliatae intus glabrae interiores subrotundatae ad 4 mm. longae
subcoriaceae cucullatae extus lepidotae margine ciliatae ; pro-
phylla spathulata ramentacea circ. 3 mm. longa calycem sub-
aequantia uninervia subcarinata 3 mm. longa 1 mm. lata extus
lepidota margine ciliata; pedicelli subnulli. Calyx viridis
parvus circ. 2 mm. longus irregulariter fere ad basim vel ad
medium 5-fissus lobis inaequalibus subquadratis membranaceis
extus lepidotis margine ciliatis intus glabris. Corollae carno-
sulae extus lepidotae circ. I cm. longae tubus obliquus brevis
circ. 6 mm. longus intus sparsim pubescens, lobi 5 rotundati
explanati circ. 3 mm. longi imbricati paullo crenulati. Stamina
5 inclusa filamentis deorsum dilatatis glabris, antheris rufescenti-
bus oblongis 0.5 mm. longis. Ovarium ovoideum 2 mm. longum
5-lobatum squamis albidis parvis contiguis lepidotum; stylus
vix 0.5 mm. longus clavatus stigmate 5-lobato albido coronatus.

Species tenuifolia ex affinitate Rh. cephalanthi, Franch.

partibus omnibus minoribus diversa.

unnan. Lichiang Range. Alt. 11,000—-12,000 ft. Lat.
27° 30’ N. Dwarf shrub of 1-2 ft. Flowers white flushed rose.
Open alpine pasture on the margins of pine forests. G. Forrest,
No. 10,278. June 1913.

Rh. radinum, Bali. f. et W. W. Sm. is an easily recognised
species of the Cephalanthum series. It is one of the narrow-
leaved members of the series, resembling particularly forms of
Rh. ledoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. and Rh. sphaeranthum, Balf.
f.et W. W. Sm. From the former its pointed persistent foliage-
bud scale-leaves, nearly sessile flowers, lepidote corolla, glabrous
stamens, and style much shorter than the ovary distinguish
it. From the latter its foliage-bud scale-leaves area distinctive
mark as well as its short inner bracts and short prophylls,
puberulous pedicels, sessile flowers, and glabrous filaments to
the stamens.

~ See also p. 316.

aah
4

270 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron ravum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex ad 3. 5 m. altus ramis strictis erectis infra efoliatis.
Rami juveniles circ. 3 mm. diam. stratis duobus squamarum
peltatarum dense porriginosi substrati albidi squamis adpressis
superstrati paucioribus pallide brunneis stipitatis extrusis, in
anno secundo saepe rubescentes, in tertio cinerei cortice des-
quamante. Alabastrorum ovoideorum perulae exteriores ovatae
acuminatae ciliatae interiores latae rotundatae carinatae breviter
acuminatae vel truncatae et mucronulatae extus lepidotae
intus plus minusve sericeae, intimae ligulatae membranaceae
apice expansae extus lepidotae margine pilis longis patenti-
bus ciliato-fimbriatae. Folia petiolata; lamina ad 7 cm. longa
ad 2.5 cm. lata oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica apice obtusa dis-
tincte mucronata margine cartilaginea leviter crenulata pilis
contortis paucis (mox deciduis) praesertim basim late cuneatam
versus obsita, pagina superiore atro-viridi squamis peltatis
argenteis contiguis uniformibus obtecta, inferiore opertu denso
nitente squamarum imbricatarum uniformium primo argente-
arum demum ochracearum occulta, costa media supra sulcata
subtus prominula squamis laxioribus vestita venis primariis
utrinque occultis ; petiolus ad 1.5 cm. longus plerumque brevior
dense lepidotus nonnunquam pilos contortos paucos gerens. Um-
bella terminalis 3—4-flora ; bracteae dense pubescentes ; pedicelli
validi circ. 6 mm. longi sub calyce lepidoti ; prophylla filiformia
pedicellos aequantia. Calyx circ. 9 mm. longus basi cupularis
lobis 5 aequalibus vel subaequalibus circ. 7 mm. longis (sub
fructu ad 1 cm. accrescentibus) 4 mm. latis membranaceis ligu-
latis viridibus conspicue carinatis extus lepidotis margine pilis
longis circumcirca ciliatis. Corolla extus lepidota circ. 2.5 cm
longa profunde fissa tubo circ. 8 mm. longo cylindrico basi
5-gibboso extus puberulo intus pubescente limbi disco ampliato
tubum aequante lobis 5 circ. 1-3 cm. longis I cm. latis oblongis
subacutis. Stamina 10 subaequalia corolla longiora circ. 3 cm.
longa filamentis supra basim dense villosis. Ovarium parvum
circ. 3.5 mm. longum viride dense lepidotum ; stylus circ. 3 cm.
longus basi pilosus stamina subaequans. Capsula nigra recta
albido-lepidota circ. 1.4 cm. longa 4 mm. lata (matura?) basi
calyce adpresso inclusa.

Species Rh. hippophaeoidi, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. forsan
affinis sed major et ramulorum squamulis biformibus, laminae
margine petioloque pilis longis obsitis, calycis lobis majoribus
circumcirca ciliatis, corolla extus lepidota intus villosiore, stamini-
bus longis villosioribus, stylo basi piloso diversa

Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend.
rat a7 45° N. Alt-aiooo ft. ie of 4-12 ft. Open
thicket. G. Forrest. No. 10,423. July 1913.

A species perhaps allied to Rh. hippobhacoudes, Balf. £. et

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 271

W. W. Sm. but altogether a larger plant with larger leaves. It
differs in the indumentum of the twigs, which has biform scales,
in the long hairs on the leaf margin—early caducous—and on the
petiole, in the larger calyx with membranous lobes and fringed all
round with long hairs, in the larger corolla more villous inside
and lepidote outside, in the very long stamens with most villous
filaments, in the style pilose at base.

There may be some modification needed in the flower descrip-
tion, as all the flowers on the specimen are shrivelled.

443+ Rhododendron scintillans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffrutex ad r m. altus copiose ramosus ramulis intricatis
et virgatis. Ramuli hornotini circ. 1.5 mm. diam. squamis
peltatis dense fusco-lepidoti annotini fere esquamosi seniores
grisei decorticantes. Alabastrorum parvulorum oblongorum per-
ulae paucae fusco-lepidotae. Folia petiolata ad 1.8 cm. longa;
lamina crasse coriacea ad 1.5 cm. longa ad 5 mm. lata lanceolata
vel anguste oblonga extremitates versus angustata apice obtusa
vel subacuta mucronata margine ici revoluta basi in petiolum
brevem fusco-lepidotum vix 3 mm. longum attenuata supra
atro-viridis squamis umbonatis eared uniformibus
instita albida_ cinctis superficialibus discontiguis umbone
plerumque secretione resinosa impleto flavescente scintilante
subtus pallide rufescenti-cinnamomea et virescens squamis
peltatis discontiguis uniformibus persistentibus rufescentibus
nitentibus impressis induta intervallis esquamosis pallide viri-
dibus opacis papillis epidermicis ceriferis obtectis. Flores in
umbellas 2-floras terminales dispositi; alabastra florum
globosa ; bracteae steriles rotundatae cucullatae dorso lepi-
dotae margine fimbriato-ciliatae ; pedicelli vix 1 mm. lo:
dense lepidoti. Calyx circ. 3.5 mm. longus vel longior tubo
corollae vix brevior fere ad basim 5-lobatus lobis oblongis
vel ovatis subacutis purpureis elepidotis margine longe ciliatis.
Corollae purpureae extus elepidotae tubus circ. 2 mm. lon
intus ad faucem villosus, limbi discus circ. 1.2 mm. latus, lobi
ad 8 mm. longi oblongi vel rotundati obtusi crenati. Stamina
to corollam aequantia filamentis basi latioribus supra ovarium
villosis. Ovarium purpureum lepidotum; stylus glaber pur-
pureus staminibus longior ; stigma lobulatum

Species fastigiata Rh. fastigiato, Franch. affinis, foliorum
pagina inferiore haud glauca, inflorescentia 2-3-flora, corolla
extus elepidota separata.

Yunnan. Summit of the Langkong-Hoching Pass. Lat.
26° 20’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers lavender
purplish blue. Open marshy pasture. G. Forrest. Nos.
10,014, 10,015. May 1913.

E

272 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Yunnan. Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 11,000-—
14,000 ft. Dwarf cushion shrub of 1-2 ft. Flowers purple blue.
Open pastures and on cliffs. G. Forrest. No. 10,035. May-—
June 1913.

_ This plant has a strong likeness to Rh. fastigiatum, Franch.
It is one of the longer-leaved species amongst the Lapponicum
Rhododendrons, and the leaves taper to both ends. Amongst
the purple-flowered species with discontiguous scales on the
under side of the leaf its nearest ally seems to be Rh. impeditum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., but that plant has elliptic leaves with the
upper surface coated with grey membranous not amber-coloured
shining scales. From Rh. fastigiatum its 2-3-flowered inflores-
cence and the elepidote corolla separate it. Rh. fastigiatum has
a lepidote corolla.

See also p. 300.

~. Rhododendron sino-Falconeri, Balf. f.

uv

Arbor parva ad 7 m. alta grandifolia. Rami, hornotini
crassi circ. I.5 cm. diam. primo pallide fulvo-tomentosi mox
griseo-nitentes deinde glabrescentes. Folia longe petiolata ad

3 dm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblongo-elliptica vel ellip-

tica ad 27 cm. longa 16 cm. lata apice obtusa vel rotundata
rigide mucronata margine plana tenuiter cartilaginea basi
obtusa vel late subcuneata supra viridis maturitate glabra
plus minusve rugulosa costa media et venis primariis adscendenti-
bus utrinsecus circ. 13-15 sulcatis subtus spadicea costa media
venisque primariis elevatis ubique squamis infundibuliformibus
(ex stipite plus minusve longo pluricellulari cupulaque apicali
membranacea cellularum isodiametricarum vacuarum vesicu-
losarum margine in fila lanata articulata plurima intertexta
extruso aedificatis) indumentum coactum formantibus vestita ;
petiolus crassus ad 4 cm. longus glabrescens. Flores umbellati ;
bracteae steriles rotundatae apiculatae extus glanduloso-vis-
cidae, fertiles oblongo-spathulatae circ. 3.5 cm. longae sericeae ;

pedicelli subaequales ad 4 cm. longi validi eglandulosi pallide

tomentosi squamis quam eae foliorum minus cupulatis sub
calyce oblique ampliati. Calycis cupula dense tomentosa lobis

-inaequalibus. plerumque minutis triangularibus vel ovatis vel

rotundatis vix 1 mm. longis glabris nunc linearibus longioribus
tomentosis vel ciliatis. Corolla pallide flava late campanu-
lata ad 5.5 cm. longa obliqua tubo circ. 4 cm. longo extus intus-
que glabro basi emaculato, lobis 8 rotundatis emarginatis circ.
2cm.latis. Stamina 16 inclusa filamentis basi latioribus ibique
ciliato-puberulis. Ovarium pilis rufis dense fasciatim tomen-
tosum ;. stylus corollam subaequans glaber apice dilatatus ;
stigma magnum discoideum lobulatum.

BALFouR—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 273

Species aspectu Rh. Falconeri, Hook. f. sed foliis supra multo
minus rugulosis pedicellis ovarioque eglandulosis divergens.

Yunnan. Mengtz. N. Mountains. Summit of forests.
gooo ft. Tree 20 ft. Flowers pale yellow. Henry. No. 9448.

Hemsley in the Kew Bulletin (1910), 107 refers this plant to
Rh. Falconeri, Hook. f. against the opinion of Wilson. Wilson
was right. The plant is strikingly different from Rh. Falconeri.
Hooker (Rhod. Sikkim Himal. (1849), 11) precisely describes the
pedicels and ovaries of Rh. Falconeri as viscid. The viscidity
is produced by the conspicuous clavate reddish glands which
cover the organs amidst the fewer hairs. The ovaries are so
viscid that they glue together the surfaces of the corolla in
dried specimens. There is not a trace of these viscid glands in
Rh. sino-Falconert, Balf. f., and the character is an easily
observed diagnostic mark.

A specimen collected by Hancock under No. 439 on the .

Great Black Mountain Range at gooo ft. is also assigned to Rh.
Falconert. I have not seen the specimen, but on general grounds
of distribution I doubt the identification. So far I know of
the occurrence of no one of these large-leaved Himalayan species
in Western China. Chinese plants referred to Rh. grande,
Wight are not that species.

Apart from this differentiating character of the presence or
absence of glands there are many others by which the species
can be distinguished at a glance. I will not lay stress upon the
form of the base of the leaf which in Rh. sino-Falconeri is never
cordulate whilst that is its shape usually in Rh. Falconeri, but
the differences in the upper and under surfaces of the leaf in
the two plants are thoroughly distinctive. Rh. Falconeri is
a familiar plant in cultivation, and to most observers, I think,
the rugosity of its leaves both above and below, and the dark
cinnamon indumentum filling up the excavations on the under
side appear as ready marks of recognition. You do not find
these features so prominent in Rh. sino-Falconeri. There
may be a slight rugosity on the upper surface, but the
under surface is smooth and velvety with a buff-coloured in-
dumentum. There are no excavations, and the primary veins
do not stand out like cords as they do in Rh. Falconeri. And
along with this we find the under-leaf indumentum in the two
species whilst cast in the same general mould is differentiating.
In neither species are there epidermal papillae. The epidermis
is quite smooth and the leaf-surface is level throughout—there
are no pits. The hairs of the tomentum in Rh. Falconeri
have stout pluricellular stalks which expand at the top as
a funnel-shaped membrane one layer thick of many quadrate
or rounded thick-walled cells. At the bottom of the funnel

ay

274 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

capping, as it were, the stalk is a small convex umbo with
reddish or yellowish contents. The margin of the funnel grows
out into much-branched fringe segments, which are reddish or
brown and interlace with the branches of adjacent funnels.
Thus is brought about the more or less woolly tomentum upon
which may be seen easily the mouths of the several funnels.
In older leaves these may fall away more or less, leaving a paler
surface formed by the pedicels and torn fragments of the funnel.
In Rh. sino-Falconeri the funnel-hairs are likewise formed
and make up the indumentum, but the stalks are thinner and
longer, the funnel cells are thinner walled, and the marginal
fringe segments are longer, their ultimate branches more delicate
and paler coloured. Hence in Rh. stno-Falconert we have a
softer tomentum and more velvety surface on which the long
interlacing hairs spread out. So far as our specimens show, the
indumentum here is more persistent. The tomentose coating
of the sulcate ovary is composed here of bundles of hairs rising
each from a common pluricellular stalk and very closely packed
together. The individual branch hairs are long and thread-like.
In Rh. Falconeri there is nothing of this. Merely secreting
glands.

Other marks separating the two species there are, such as :—
the flower pedicels in Rh. sino-Falconeri are stouter, the flowers
are larger. Altogether the plants are thoroughly distinct.

By the name Rh. sino-Falconert is indicated that this
species is the Chinese representative of the Himalayan Rh.
Falconeri. It is—in the present state of knowledge—the most
southerly of all the large-leaved species in China.

Rhododendron sino-grande, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Frutex grandifolius ad 7 m. altus. Rami juveniles crassi

eirc. 1 cm. diam. indumento foliorum argenteo-grisei. Alabas-

trorum ovatorum perulae externae rotundatae acuminato-
caudatae rubro-purpureae extus glandulis rubris verruculosae
intermediae carinatae. Folia longe petiolata magna ad 4.5 dm.
longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica
‘vel rarius obovata ad 4 dm. longa ad 19 cm. lata apice rotundata
rigide mucronata margine cartilaginea fere plana basi obtusa
vix cordulata supra vix plana vel vix areolata opaca viridis

bra. media lata anguste sulcata venis primarlis utrinsecus
circa 16 aan subtus argentea nitens costa media venisque
primariis secundariisque ex parte elevatis maturitate brunneis

‘primum indumento obtectis sed plus minusve glabrescentibus
-caeteroquin laevis strato compacto tenuissimo crustiformi
-uniformi persistente (mdumenti pilis breviter stipitatis stipite

pluricellulari colorato ad apicem copiose ramoso ramulis unicellu-

.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 275,

laribus latis vacuis vesiculosis quoquoversus intertextis) vestita ;
petiolus crassus indumento argenteo plus minusve obtectus
glabrescens ad 5 cm. longus. Flores plures umbellatim vel
racemoso-umbellatim dispositi rhachi circ. 3 cm’ longa eglandu-
losa tomentosa; alabastra inflorescentiae globosa; bracteae
steriles ovatae vel orbiculares acuminato-caudatae glabrae,
fertiles latae spathulato-elongatae apice rotundatae vel trun-
catae erosae mucronatae extus intusque sericeae circ. 5 cm.
* longae 3 cm. latae; pedicelli crassi ad 3 mm. lati inaequales
ad 4 cm. longi sub fructu 6 cm. densissime lanato-tomentosi
rubido-grisei indumenti pilis similibus eis foliorum sed stipite
breviore et ramulis angustioribus longioribus divaricatim inter-
textis eglandulosi. Calyx obliquus lanato-tomentosus dentibus
minutis pilis obscuratis nonnunquam glabrescentibus. Corolla
carnosula alba circ. 5 cm. longa a basi late campanulata obliqua
tubo circ. 3.5 cm. longo extus intusque glabro gibboso et basi
intus postice varo magno atro-rubro notato, lobis Io circ. 2 cm.
latis emarginatis. Stamina 18 corolla multo breviora filamentis
basi latioribus ciliato-puberulis. Ovarium crassum eglandulosum
dense lanato-tomentosum pilis rufis fasciatim dispositis ; stylus
tubum corollinum paullo superans circ. 2.5 cm. longus glaber
validus sub stigmate expansus; stigma magnum discoideum
lobulatum. Capsula tomento plus minusve detersili tomentosa
curvata circ. 3cm.longaicm.lata. Semina oblonga complanata
ala angusta arillata longitudinaliter striata circ. 4 mm. longa
pallide spadicea.

Species superba Rh. grandi, Wall. foliorum indumento
floribusque similis sed foliis latioribus, pedicellis dense lanato-
tomentosis, ovario eglanduloso, stylo valido brevi bene
distincta.

Yunnan. Western flank of the Shweli-Salween Divide. Lat.
25° 20’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Shrub of 20-35 ft. In fruit.
(Flowers crimson or rose?) In rhododendron forests. G. Forrest.
No. gozr. Aug. IgI2.

Yunnan. G. Forrest. No. 9369. Dec. 1912.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween Divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt.
10,000-11,000 ft. Shrub of 25 ft. Flowers fleshy dull white,
with a blotch of deep crimson at base. In rhododendron forests.
G. Forrest. No. 11,875. April 1913.

An even finer plant than Rh. grande, Wight.

The indumentum in Rh. sino-grande and in Rh. grande is
quite diagnostic. As in other large-leaved species with a hair
covering on the under side of the leaf there are no epidermal
papillae, and the evenness of the leaf-surface is also not inter-
rupted by pits. Rising from the epidermal cells in numbers
are pluricellular hairs which form first of all a stalk of longish

276 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

cells—the stalk shorter in Rh. grande than in Rh. sino-grande—
from the top of which branch off many broad thin-walled cells
of varying length, and it is these cells which become interwoven
and pressed together to form the smooth surface of the under
side of the leaf. The stalk cells retain a yellowish content, the
branch cells are empty and uncoloured, hence the shining
silvery look of the leaf under surface. Rh. grande is one of
the Himalayan Rhododendrons easily diagnosed by its leaves
amongst the large-leaved species. The leaves are always
widest at the middle. They seem not to become obovate.
The like feature belongs to Rh. sino-grande—which has usually
broader leaves—except in the case of very large leaves.

Rh. sino-grande is apparently the Chinese representative in
South-Western Yunnan of the Himalayan ‘species. But the
two species are readily separated by the total absence of glands
from the pedicels and ovary of Rh. sino-grande and _ their
presence in Rh. grande. The glands in Rh. grande are typical
clavate glands, reddish or yellowish on longer or shorter stalks,
and their excretion is extremely sticky. The thin long style
of Rh. grande projecting the globose stigma from the corolla
mouth is a familiar feature of the. species. In Rh. sino-grande
the style is stout, thin, and hardly longer than the corolla
tube.

I understand Mr. Forrest has obtained seed of this splendid
species. Though its home is in the South-West of Yunnan, the
elevation—10,000-11,000 ft.—at which it grows may give us
hope that in Britain it may prove to be one of the hardy large-
leaved species.

The dried flower bears out Mr. Forrest’s description of it
attached to his No. 11,875—-white, with basal crimson blotch.
That he says of the flower of No. goz1 “ crimson or rose? ”
does not invalidate this, for the specimens are in fruit and no
fresh flowers were seen by him.

In the Flora of British India (1882) Mr. Clarke treated Rh.
argenteum, Hook. f. (1849) as a synonym of Rh. grande, Wight
(1847), and he gave similar treatment to Rh. longifolium, Nutt.
(1853). Since that date the name Rh. grande has come into
general use for all the forms which previously passed under
Hooker’s and Nuttall’s names. It is in this sense I speak here
and without prejudice of Rh. grande, Wight. The suppression
of names did not pass without protest. Mr. J. H. Mangles,
keenest of observers and unrivalled of growers of Rhodo-
dendrons, writing in 1884* of “ Rhododendron argenteum and
Rh. longifolium,” says: “ The Sikkim argenteum and its
Bhotan ally (yet very distinct) Rh. longifolium are now in

=. 1 The Garden, xxv (1884), 177.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 297

bloom. . . . The latest authority doubles Rh. argenteum
up with Rh. grande which, with all humility, I am prepared to
show is quite distinct.” Elsewhere in the current literature of
the day Mr. Mangles gave expression to his view—and here
may I ask is there no enthusiast who will bring together and
publish the writings upon Rhododendrons by Mr. Mangles which
are scattered through horticultural periodicals? A valuable
work it would be—that geographical variation in these Hima-
layan types to the extent of specific difference is a feature of the
genus. In one striking passage he says’: “ As the Himalayan
range passes eastward through Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan, the
genus Rhododendron becomes truly protean in form and presents
not only an extraordinary number of species in a small space
but also striking geographical varieties in very great abundance.’
To him Rh. argentewm, Hook. f. is the Nepal and Sikkim form >
which finds its representative through Bhutan in Rh. grande,
Wight and also in Rh. longifolium, Nutt. in the same way
as in Rh. Falconeri, Hook. f. and in Rh. Thomsont, Hook. f.
there are to be observed western and eastern forms. The
basal soundness of the opinion is borne out by later discoveries
of representative forms of the earlier known Himalayan species
so far to the eastwards as Yunnan.

Upon the question of the degree of difference between Rh.
grande, Wight, Rh. argenteum, Hook. f., and Rh. longifolium,
Nutt. nothing of moment can be added as yet to the evidence
available to those who in the past have extracted from it the two
divergent conclusions which have been stated. And this must
remain the position until we obtain more material from Bhutan.
Amongst the specimens which have already come to Edinburgh,
presented by Mr. Bulley from the collecting of Mr. R. E. Cooper
in Bhutan, is one of a Rhododendron in fruit which belongs
without doubt to this series, and we will hope that the spoil of
Mr. Cooper’s further exploration will include additional speci-
mens bearing upon the problem. As Mr. Cooper is primarily
collecting seeds the dried specimens he sends are mostly of
fruiting plants, and therefore some years must elapse before
the plants raised from his seeds will supply satisfactory proof
of their identity. I myself am inclined to the view expressed
by Mr. Mangles, and expect that when we do get to know
the Rhododendrons of Bhutan we shall find that the type
which in Sikkim is Rh. argentewm, Hook f., in Bhutan shows
differences in more than one direction, which justify separate
nomenclature of microforms or species under the names Rh.
grande, Wight, Rh. longifolium, Nutt., and probably others.

Meanwhile to come to something more precise, I have to

2 Gardeners’ Chronicle, n.s., xvii (1882), 295.

Re

278 BaLFour—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

record here evidence of the spread of the type of Rh. grande
to areas far outside Bhutan. In these pages are described
two distinct species :—one from the Shweli-Salween Divide in
Yunnan on the Burmese-Chinese frontier—Rh. sino-grande, Balf.
f. et W. W. Sm.; one from the Mekong-Yangtze Divide in
Northern Yunnan—Ra. praestans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Rhododendron sphaeranthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Frutex aromaticus lediformis virgatus ad 12 dm. altus laxe
ramosus. Ramuli hornotini circ. t mm. lati fulvi squamis longe-
stipitatis porriginosi seniores nigricantes et stipitibus albidis
squamularum decapitatarum setulosi tandem decorticantes.
Alabastrorum oblongorum acutiusculorum perulae mox deciduae
externae spadiceae coriaceae anguste elongato-triangulares circ.
3 mm. longae 1 mm. latae extus lepidotae margine ciliatae intus
puberulae interiores anguste subspathulatae obtusae circ. 6 mm.
longaeI mm. lataemembranaceae extus lepidotae margineciliatae.
Folia petiolata ad 2.5 cm. longa crasse coriacea ; lamina anguste
oblonga ad 2.2 cm. longa ad 8 mm. lata apice obtusa vel sub-
rotundata corneo-mucronulata margine integra revoluta pedibus
squamarum delapsarum exasperata basi obtusa vel subcuneatim
angustata supra atro-viridis (costa media subsulcata venarum
reti caeteroquin inconspicuo) squamarum juvenilium vestigiis
conspersis notata subtus porriginosa plus minusve fulva squamis:
contiguis persistentibus stipitatis ex umbone convexo institaque
fimbriata aedificatis paucis majoribus longiusque stipitatis
umbone fuscescente stratum superius facientibus caeteris brev-
iter stipitatis pallide flavido-viridibus in stratum inferius densum
dispositis ; petiolus vix 3 mm. longus lepidotus. Flores rosei
vel albi ad extremitates ramulorum strictorum laxe foliatorum
in umbellas capituliformes multifloras rhachi lepidota con-
gesti; bracteae steriles late ovatae coriaceae circ. 6 mm. longae
extus lepidotae margine ciliatae intus puberulae fertiles ramen-
taceae circ. 7 mm. longae 3 mm. latae subobovatae vel spathu-
latae ciliatae extus furfuraceo-lepidotae ; prophylla spathulata
5 mm. longa 0.5 mm lata calyce multo longiora lepidota et
lanata ; pedicelli brevissimi circ. 1 mm. longi lepidoti. Calyx
parvus crateriformis vix I mm. longus ad medium fissus lobis
rotundatis ciliatis extus interdum squamis paucis lepidotis intus
glabris. Corollae 1.6 cm. longae tubus cylindricus paullo
curvatus circ. I cm. longus extus puberulus intus villosulus,
limbi plani discus circ. 1.5 mm. latus, lobi rotundati circ. 4.5 mm.
diam. imbricati integri subtus interdum sparsissime lepidoti.
Stamina 5 circ. 6 mm. longa filamentis supra basim minute
puberulis antheris oblongis 1 mm. longis. Ovarium ovoideum
circ. 2 mm. longum 5-lobatum squamis contiguis parvis lepi-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 279°

dotum ; stylus parvulus 0.5 cm. longus clavatus ovario multo
brevior stigmate 5-lobato coronatus.

Species lediformis ex affinitate Rh. cephalanthi, Franch.
perulis deciduis, floribus plus minusve roseis, prophyllis calyce
multo longioribus, inflorescentiae rhachi et pedicello lepidoto,
corolla carnosula extus lepidota, staminum filamentis puberulis,
stylo quam ovarium multo breviore notata.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Fengkow Valley. Alt. 12,000-
13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Shrub of 18 ins. to 4 ft. Foliage
aromatic. Flowers from deep clear rose to pure white. In
open pine forests. G. Forrest. No. 12,505. June 1914.

Rh. sphaeranthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. is a small virgate
bush with leaves and flower trusses recalling Ledum. Rh.
ledoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. and Rh. radinum, Balf. f. et W. W.
Sm. are its nearest allies in the Cephalanthum series, to which it
belongs. Like them both in its leaves, it differs from Rh. radinum

the scale-leaves of the foliage buds deciduous, a
character in which it resembles Rh. ledoides. Differentiating
characters are the lepidote not puberulous rhachis of the
inflorescence, its long prophylls much longer than the calyx,
and its lepidote corolla.

The species is in cultivation and has flowered in Britain.

See also p. 316.

‘Rhododendron tapetiforme, Balf. f. et Ward.

_Fruticulus prostratus late atque patens ramosissimus.
Ramuli annui circ. r cm. longi, annotini circ. 1 mm. diam.
squamis peltatis ferrugineis confertis porriginosi seniores nigri-
cantes reliquiis squamularum et pulvinis foliorum delapsorum
verruculosi mox desquamantes. Alabastrorum parvorum
ovoideorum perulae paucae externae crassae ovatae extus lepi-
dotae internae oblongae obtusae crustaceae apice margineque
minute albo-ciliatae dorsoque lepidotae. Folia coriacea parva
breviter petiolata ad 1.2 cm. longa; lamina a petiolo recurvata
oblonga vel elliptica circ. I cm. longa 6 mm. lata apice obtusa
vix mucronulata sed verrucula hydathodali terminata margine
‘leviter recurva basi obtusa vel late subcuneata supra atro-viridis
opaca squamis peltatis albidis translucentibus contiguis per-
sistentibus superficiem quasi punctatam eatibentibus. lepidota
subtus spadicea nitida squamis peltatis contiguis uniformibus
ex umbone intensius colorato institaque pallidiore aedificatis
induta costa media venisque primariis supra paullo impressis
subtus costa media vix elevata venis occultis percursa ;
petiolus circ. 2 mm. longus dense spadiceo-lepidotus. Flores
brevissime pedicellati in umbellam terminalem 3-floram congesti ;
bracteae steriles ovatae vel subrotundatae coriaceae fere lignosae

280 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

fertiles tenuiores extus pubescentes elepidotae intus subsericeae ;
pedicelli circ. 2 mm. longi pubescentes et albido-lepidoti sub
calyce expansi. Calycis parvuli cupula circ. 0.5 mm. longa
dense albido-lepidota lobis 5 aequalibus minutis vix 0.5 mm
longis et latis sublunatis vel late deltoideis rubris elepidotis
margine pilis brevibus ex toto ciliatis. Corollae circ. 1.2 cm.
longae roseae extus elepidotae tubus brevis circ. 3.5 mm. longus
infundibuliformis basi subgibbosus ad faucem intus minute
puberulus in limbum apertum 5-lobatum expansus lobis oblongis
circ. 8 mm. longis. Stamina 10 subaequalia corolla paullo
longiora filamentis pallide roseis supra basim ad faucem corol-
lae lanato-villosis. Ovarium albido-lepidotum; stylus glaber
roseus stamina subaequans; stigma discoideum lobulatum
atro-rubens. Capsula 4.5 mm. longa valvis 5 ad basim dehiscens.

Species fastigiata indumenti subfoliaris squamis contiguis
et floribus roseis distincta.

Tibeto-Yunnan frontier. Ka-gwr-pw. 15,000 ft. Dwarf,
forming a carpet. Flowers pink. F. Kingdon Ward. No. 795.
July 1913.

This species belongs to the Lapponicum series, and is one of
the forms marked by the contiguous uniform brown scales on the
under-leaf surface. It has an elepidote corolla, and the glabrous
style about equal in length to the stamens. In indumentum it
is like Rh. rupicolum, W. W. Sm., but that plant is altogether
larger and has a lepidote corolla. :

See also p. 300.

a ago Rhododendron telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Suffruticosum humile parvifolium intricato-ramosissimum ad
I m. altum. Ramuli annui breves circ. 1 cm. longi vel sub-
virgati circ. 4 cm. longi hornotini tenues vix 1 mm. diam.
ferruginei squamis peltatis furfuracei seniores sordide grisel
verruculis nigris plus minusve induti mox decorticantes. Ala-
bastra fusiformia circ. 3.5 mm. longa spadicea perulis paucis
exterioribus late ovatis extus lepidotis interioribus oblongis
obtusis mucronulatis pilis ciliatis. Folia petiolata circ. x cm.
longa ; Jamina anguste lanceolata vel oblonga circ. 8.5 mm.
longa 3 mm. lata ad apicem angustata ibique conspicue
corneo-mucronulata margine vix revoluta basi in petiolum
angustata supra canescenti-viridis squamis peltatis albidis con-
tiguis conspicuis uniformibus persistentibus adpressis ex umbone
marginatim flavido-nitido institaque lata constructis lepidota
subtus alutacea brunneo-punctata squamis (ut supra aedificatis
sed biformibus plerisque pallidioribus albidis vel ad umbonem
subrufescentibus in stratum inferius dispositis paucioribus
longius stipitatis umbone institaque intense brunnea ultra

i
|

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 281

stratum inferius projectis) obtecta costa media supra subsulcata
subtus paullo elevata venis primariis utrinque occultis ; petiolus
circ. 1.5 mm. longus indumento sicut folii pagina inferior vestitus.
Flores solitarii ad apicem ramulorum terminales; alabastra
ovoidea ; bracteae externae ovatae interiores late rotundatae
extus lepidotae margine leviter ciliatae ; pedicelli breves circ.
2.5 mm. longi albido-lepidoti. Calyx circ. 2.5 mm. longus fere
ad basim in lobos 5 subaequales oblongos obtusos pallide
virides nunc erubescentes extus dense lepidotos margine eciliatos
fissus. Corollae roseo-purpureae circ. 1.3 cm. longae tubus in-
fundibuliformis brevis circ. 3.5 mm. longus extus lepidotus
intus puberulus haud villosus sursum in limbum apertum
expansus disco circ. 1.5 mm. lato lobisque oblongis obtusis

circ. 8 mm. longis undulatis. Stamina 5-10 corolla breviora
filamentis pallide roseis supra basim paullo pubescentibus.
Ovarium subcylindricum pallide viride albido-lepidotum ; stylus
glaber roseus corollam staminaque superans ; stigma purpureum
lobulatum.

Species fastigiata Rh. diacrito, Balf. f. et Ward affinis, foliis
lanceolatis apice angustatis mucronulatis differt.

amu unnan. Mountains west of Fengkow Valley. Lat)

° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Open rocky situations in
aie forest. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers rose-purple. Forrest.
No. 12,478. June 1914.

Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 30’
N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open boggy situations on the margins of
forests. Shrub of 3 ft. Flowers indigo-purple. Forrest. No.
12,568. June ror. .

One of the Lapponicum series of Rhododendrons. The two

sets of specimens collected by Forrest and referred to this species
differ markedly in the colour of the corolla, and in No. 12,568
the calyx shows a tendency to reddening, sometimes becoming
quite purple—a feature not observable in No. 12,478. But I find
no other separating character. The species is near Rh. diacritum,
' Balf. f. et Ward, but the leaf form is here quite diagnostic. It
must also be compared with Rh. drumonium, Balf. f. et Ward,
and with Rh. pycnocladum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. All of them
are of the Lapponicum series, and of the set in it which are marked
by the punctulate character of the under-leaf indumentum and
also by the lepidote corolla. Rh. pycnocladum has quite a
different habit from the other three, which are erect shrublets
with very many thin twigs bearing small leaves yellowish-grey
beneath. The narrow leaves of Rh. diacritum separate it from
our species. Rh. drumonium has a short style.

See also p. 300.

wt

282 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rhododendron theiochroum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Fruticulus esetosus ad 12 dm. altus foliis (4-5) annotinis
ad apices ramulorum subverticillatim aggregatis. Ramuli
annotini ad 2.5 mm. diam. lutei vel erubescentes squamis
peltatis immersis lepidoti epilosi in anno tertio vel quaterno
cinerei et decorticantes. Alabastrorum ovoideorum circ. 3 mm.
longorum perulae crustaceo-coriaceae late ovatae vel rotundatae
obtusae atropurpureae vel rubescentes dorso lepidotae margine
albido-ciliatae. Folia epilosa esetulosa ad 5 cm. longa breviter
petiolata ; lamina obovata ad 4.5 cm. longa ad 3 cm. lata
crasse coriacea apice rotundata vel subtruncata mucrone corneo
deflexo praedita coriacea margine obscure crenulato-undulata
basi late cuneatim in petiolum crassum circ. 5 mm. longum
subalatum foveolatum foveolis squamarum peltatarum vestigiis
impletis attenuata, supra laete viridis nitida glaberrima rugulosa
costa media sulcata venis primariis utrinsecus circ. 7 vix ap-
parentibus subtus erubescens et glauca papillis epidermicis con-
oideis elongatis uniformiter praedita et squamis peltatis discon-
tiguis biformibus—magnis parvisque—persistentibus in foveolas
profundas immersis haud exsertis punctulatim copiose lepidota
squamula quaque ex umbone concavo plus minusve rubro-
resinoso instita semi-erecta angusta stipite longo crasso aedificata,
costa media elevata straminea paullo lepidota venarum reti
caeteroquin occulto. Flores sulfureo-lutei ad 5 in umbellam
veram terminalem dispositi; bracteae mox deciduae ; prophylla

circ. 8 mm. longa filiformia claviformia plus minusve sericea ;
pedicelli circ. 8 mm. longi sub fructu longiores validi squamulis
haud immersis lepidoti. Calyx ad 6 mm. longus ultra medium
fissus cupula crateriformi foveolatim lepidota lobis ellipticis sub-
inaequalibus circ. 4.5 mm. longis 3 mm. latis membranaceis
erubescentibus extus margineque lepidotis intus nitidis. Corollae
subobliquae sulfureo-luteae emaculatae circ. 1.7 cm. longae tubus
latus subinfundibuliformis circ. 7 mm. longus intus glaber extus
praecipue postice plus minusve lepidotus quinquelobatus lobis
rotundatis imbricatis circ. 1 cm. diam. vel majoribus explanatis
margine crenulatis. Stamina ro antipetalina 5 paullo breviora
circ. I.4 cm. longa filamentis validis basi glabris supra basim
intra tubum corollinum floccosim villosis, antheris magnis circ.
4 min. longis laete brunneis. Ovarium conoideum sulcatum basi
Jatum circ. 3 mm. longum squamis peltatis rubro-resinosis
dense lepidotum; stylus validus ab apice ovarii abrupte de-
flexus staminibus brevior ad 6 mm. longus ad basim convexam
sparse lepidotus superne expansus et stigmate lobulato coronatus.
Capsula cylindrica ad 8 mm. longa 4 mm. lata nigricans squa-
marum vestigiis asperata.

Species Rh. sulfureo, Franch. affinis sed esetulosa et foliis

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 283

conspicue obovatis subtus erubescentibus, calycis lobis ellipticis
haud setulosis, corolla majore praecipue distinguenda.

Yunnan. Shweli-Salween Divide. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft.
Lat. 25° 30’ N. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers fleshy bright sulphur-
yellow. Open situations amongst dwarf scrub. G. Forrest.
No. 11,910. April 1913

This plant is the representative in the Shweli-Salween Divide
of the Tali species Rh. sulfureum, Franch. It differs from Rh.
_sulfureum in its much thicker and obovate leaves, in its larger
flowers, and in the want of setae upon the calyx and elsewhere.
This setulose character of Rh. sulfureum requires study. The
setae are few in number in some plants—Delavay’s No. 2212
and Forrest’s 41354 are not profusely setulose. The setae
are in these species to be found only upon the calyx. But in
Forrest’s No. 12,434 the setae are profuse beyond the calyx,
spreading over the petioles and the stems also. Specimens in
which the shoots are thus somewhat strigillose suggest specific
difference, but there is amongst Mr. Forrest’s gatherings from
the same locality and at the same date a gradation of forms
from the extreme of abundance to the extreme of poverty in
the matter of setae, and one must look upon the character as a
varying one in the species. I find no setae on Rh. thetochroum.
Mr. Forrest has another series of specimens from the Tali
Range under numbers 4135B and 6777 which are esetulose.
In this they resemble Rh. thetochroum as they do in the punc-
tulate lepidoteness of their leaf under-surface. Their leaf form
is, however, not obovate, and resembles more that of true Rh.
sulfureum from which, in addition to the absence of setae, they
are separated by this punctulate lepidoteness which is very
different from the closer set indumentum of true Rh. sulfureum.
Taking more minute characters Rh. theiochroum is readily
diagnosed by its conoid long epidermal papillae from Rh. sul-
fureum where they are low domes ; and in this character Forrest’s
Nos. 4135B and 6777 are quite different from Rh. thetochroum,
and approach, though they are not identical with, Rh. sulfureum.
I have not named Forrest’s 41358 and 6777 as a distinct species,
although I think it is one. What I have said about it may
suffice to direct attention to it as a microform of Rh. sulfureum
to be looked for.

I add here some notes made during the sifting of the
material which has given the species described in the preceding
pages. They are fragmentary, but I publish them because it

is unlikely that I shall deal with these Rhododendrons again,

284 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,

and the notes may be of use constructively or destructively
to some future monographer of the genus. They are perhaps
better placed together in this way than incorporated with the
specific descriptions. They refer entirely to species which
would fall into the Section Osmothamnus.

MAXIMOWICZ’S SECTION OSMOTHAMNUS.

When in 1870 * Maximowicz instituted the Section Osmo-
thamnus of the genus Rhododendron—taking for it the name
of the genus framed by De Candolle for two North Asian
aromatic shrublets described first of all as Azalea fragrans,
Adams and Azalea pallida, Turcz.—he could bring only one
North Chinese species into his Section, namely, Rh. micranthum,
Turcz. In the years that have passed since Maximowicz wrote
upon the East Asiatic Rhododendrons, China has supplied us
with more Rhododendrons than were then known from the
whole world. A multitude of these forms would claim entry
into Maximowicz’s Section Osmothamnus, but the new species
bring for examination and critical analysis material which
shows that in the Section Osmothamnus as framed by Maxi-
mowicz more than one natural phylum is included. The
groupings of the species within the genus Rhododendron intro-
duced by Maximowicz were a great advance in the direction
of natural arrangement over those which were dominant before
his essay, and now advance in knowledge seems to require some
modification of Maximowicz’s sections if by such division of
the genus we are to give expression to phyletic relation-
ships.

Maximowicz included eleven species in his Section Osmo-
thamnus :—

Rh. anthopogon, D.-Don,

Rh. ferrugineum, Linn.

Rh. fragrans, Maxim.

Rh. hirsutum, Linn.

Rh. lapponicum, Wahlenb,

Rh. lepidotum, Wall. c. vars. Hookerianis [that is in-
cluding Rh. elaeagnoides, Hook. f., Rh. obovatum,
Hook. f., Rh. salignum, Hook. f.].

Rh. micranthum, Turez.

Rh. nivale, Hook. f.

Rh. parvifolium, Adams.

Rh. pumilum, Hook. f.

Rh. setosum, D. Don.

* Rhododendreae Asiae Orientalis in Mém. de Acad, Imp. d. Sc., Petrogr.,
xvi, No. g (1870).

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 285

My study of the genus suggests that these species fall into
the following natural series :—
Rh. anthopogon, D. Don.
. Rh. ferrugineum, ror ; Rh. hirsutum, Linn.
Rh. fragrans, Max
. Rh. lapponicum, “Wahlenb. Rh. nivale, Hook. f. ;
Rh. parvifolium, Adams. |
. Rh. elaeagnoides, Hook. f.; Rh. lepidotum, Wall. ;
Rh. obovatum, Hook. f.; Rh. pumilum, Hook. f. ;
Rh. salignum, Hook. f.
F. Rh. micranthum, Turcz.
G. Rh. setosum,* D. Don

mH DOWD

Many species have been added to the Section Osmothamnus
‘since Maximowicz wrote, and I am not yet in a position to be
‘able to deal with it comprehensively. What I am to say relates

to three of the natural series which I seem to see amongst the
species named by Maximowicz—that of Rh. anthopogon, that
of Rh. fragrans, and that of Rh. lapponicum. Descriptions of
new species belonging to all of these are given above, and I
have to add another natural series of which no species was
known to Maximowicz—that of Rh. cephalanthum. I call the
series respectively Anthopogon, Fragrans, Lapponicum, Cepha-
lanthum, after the oldest-described species, and in that sense
these designations appear in the discussion of specific relation-
ships in the foregoing pages.

ANTHOPOGON SERIES.

G. Don instituted the Section Pogonatum, in which his
Rh. anthopogon was the sole species, and I would have taken
that name for the series but that the Section Pogonatum has
had species thrust into it which are not of the series of Antho-
pogon, and I wish to aggregate phyletic forms around a central
type.
*P The several characters of the Anthopogons are :—

Aromatic shrubs with small short-stalked leathery leaves
ultimately dark green above and blood red beneath with peltate
scales composed of an umbo charged with shining red secretion
and of a narrow few-armed fringe. An upper layer of scales
on the under side of the leaf forms a smooth surface covering
scales in all stages of development. Many scales of the twigs
and petioles losing their disks become setae. Bracts of the
capitate umbel broad not falling off until flower-opening, always
lepidote and fringed. Calyx campanulate unequally lobed, lobes

* Perhaps the grounds upon which I separated “‘ setosum” may not be valid.
I have not yet been able to study it adequately.

286 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

green more or less membranous. Corolla oblique tube relatively
long curved fleshy villous at throat and do 1s, lobes repand,
yellow, pink or white. Stamens glabrous or puberulous. Ovary
and style very short, about same length.

To the series as I know it belong the following species :—

Rh. anthopogon, D. Don. Nepal, S.W. Sikkim.

Rh. hypenanthum, Balf. f. N.W. Himalaya.

Rh. haemonium, Balf. f. et Bhutan, perhaps also N. and
Cooper. E. Sikkim. 13,000 ft.

Rh. rufescens, Franch. Yunnan.

That there are others yet to be recognised I have no doubt.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Perulae persistent. Corolla yellow . . . hypenanthum.
Perulae deciduous. : . ‘ Z 2
2. Corolla yellow . haemonium.
Corolla rose to white . 3
3. Calyx lobes obovate-oblong jase. Filainents piaisrdiis
anthopogon.
Calyx lobes narrowly oblong glabrous. Filaments puberulous
rufescens.

In cultivation are Rh. anthopogon and Rh. hypenanthum—
perhaps also Rh. haemonium.

Rh. anthopogon was described and named in 1821 by D. Don
from Wallich’s Gossain Than specimens.* The description is
good as a diagnosis of the species from other forms known at
the date of writing, but in the present time of so much more
knowledge of Rhododendrons from the Himalayas, Northern

* D. Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii (1821), 409. The paper in which the descrip-
tion ig thats was read before the Society on 18th Nov. 1820. Don’s description

Rho dodendron Pree de di ramulis dense pubigeris ; foliis ovalibus subtus
dense tomentosis ; oribus capitatis ; corolla subhypocrateriformi fauci barbato

Baltes in Alpe immensa nivosa, Gossaignsthan Nepaliensium dicta. D.

Frutex A pedalis fasciculatim rerregense Re Tamis fastigiatis ; cortex
tructi

datae
formis roseo-purpurea, tubo cylindrico, laciniis rotundatis ne gg ae:
fauce villo tortuoso candido barbato; genitalibus tubo inclusis; filam
plana glabra; stylus superne crassior staminibus duplo athe stigma

depressum.
cape dauricum, ab supera primo discriminatur foliis tenuioribus
deciduis nudis utrinque punctis resinosis crebre i ctis; floribus paucis
lateralibus, corollis subrotatis tubo vix ullo fauce nudo; genitalibus longe ex-
sertis ; stigmate capitato.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 287

Asia, and Western China, Don’s characterisation is little more
than a group distinction.

In 1825 D. Don republished in an extended form his de-
scription of Rh. anthopogon, citing again only Wallich’s Gossain

an specimens.* It is noteworthy that in these two de-
sa ase Don gives the flower colour as “ roseo-purpurea ”’
and ‘ a,’ but no mention is made in either of whorls of
rae foliage-bud scale-leaves. Are we to assume the
absence of these scales on the Gossain Than plants? When
present on plants of this alliance the scale-leaves are conspicuous
and cannot be overlooked. One must suppose that Don’s
authority for the flower colour was Wallich himself.

ntho-
pogon, citing only Gossain Than plants.t A remarkable

d.
and there is no reference to “‘ roseo-purpurea’’ or
rosea’ of the earlier descriptions. Further—G. Don adds to
his description “‘ Clt. 1820.’’ Now Wallich was in Nepal from
ecember 1820 until November 1821,{ and obtained during
x

that period, I presume, his Gossain Than specimens. The.

plants cultivated in Britain in 1820 could not therefore be

. Don, Flora Nepalensis (182 5), 153. The revised description runs :—
Rhod dendron anthopogon, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis ovalibus subtus

virides :
segmenta ta ovalia, apice ee matpine villosa. Corolla " hypocrateriformis !
rosea: tubus cylindraceus, limbo plurimum longior, superne dilatatus: lobis
limbi rotundatis, ‘aieiadeninenclanie faux coarctata, lana copiosa nivea tortuosa.
tecta! Stamina 5, inclusa! tubo multo breviora. Filamenta gracilia, erecta,
glabra. Stylus superne crassior, masse us plurimum brevior. Stigma clava-
tu Capsula 5-locularis, 5-val
+ G. Don, Syst. iii (1834), Sas. The description
Rh. anthopogon (D. Don in Mem. Wern . Soc. iii, p. 409)—branchlets downy,
leaves oval, rusty beneath from lepidoted compabiane corollas
throat. hb F. Native of Nipaul, on Gosaingsthan. R. aromaticum, Wall. cat.
much branched. Leaves ending in a reflexed mucrone, naked above.
Flowers glomerate, sulphur-coloured. Pedicels short, lepidoted and resinous

ycine segments rounded at the apex, with.villous margins. Segments of

corolla roundish, with undulately curled margins. Filaments glabrous. Stigma
clavate.

Bearded-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clit. 1820. Shrub I
to os foot.

re Notes from a Journey to Nepal in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. iv (1910), 59.

288 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

derived from Wallich’s Nepal seeds or plants. What, then, was
the source of the plant with sulphur-yellow flowers recorded
by G. Don as in cultivation in 1820 ?

Perhaps we get some light on the question from Wallich’s
Catalogue. In the part of it published in 1829, the name Rh.
anthopogon, D. Don appears under No. 759, and two stations are
given :—1. Gossain Than; 2. Kumaon. Wallich therefore did
not differentiate specifically N.W. Himalayan and Nepal speci-
mens. This is the starting-point of a confusion which remains
to this day. It seems to be likely that the plants to which
G. Don refers as in cultivation in 1820 were derived from N.W.
Himalaya. Abundance of plants had been introduced from
N.W. Himalaya before this date, and as we now know all the
N.W. Himalayan plants which have been named Rh. antho-
pogon, Don have yellow flowers. We also know that there are
yellow-flowered plants of the Anthopogon phylum in the East
Himalaya—Bhutan, N. and E. Sikkim. Were Bhutan and
Sikkim plants in cultivation at this early date? G. Don’s book
of 1834 was intended to be a gardener’s dictionary. One may
suppose that he would go to the garden not to the herbarium for
his material; he found in cultivation this yellow-flowered
plant to which, in absence of any Nepalese rose-purple or rose-
flowered plants, the name anthopogon had become attached, and
accepted it as the same as the Gossain Than plants, changing
the colour designation in his description. Handbooks of to-
day describe Rh. anthopogon, D. Don as yellow-flowered, but in
cultivation nowadays under the name Rh. anthopogon there
are pink-flowered and white-flowered plants, and also yellow-
flowered plants. The pink-flowered with the white-flowered
plants are not of the same species as the yellow-flowered, and
the yellow-flowered plant as I have seen it is not the original
and true Rh. anthopogon, D. Don.

In 1839 Royle figured* under the name RA. pon et
Don a yellow-flowered plant of which he gives the distribution

ain Than and Sereenugur. Wail. Choor, Kedarkanta, and
Lippa, etc., in Kunawur.” Royle thus accepts the authority
of Wallich’s Catalogue, and he tells us that he had examined
the sheets in the E. I. C. Herbarium. Two points .in Royle’s
figure invite attention—the large yellow flowers and the per-
‘sistent foliage-bud scale-leaves forming rosettes upon the branches
at the base of the several years growth. Assuming that D. Don’s
descriptions in 1821 and 1825 of the Gossain Than plants are
correct, the yellow flower-colour of Royle’s plant separates it
Himal. i (1839), 259, 260, t. 64,f. 2. Royle’s book was issued

aa san ete aae of publication of of this figure would be earlier than that cited,

Mhich is the gpg. the titegage. Issue of the later parts of the work was
ee

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 289

from them, but it may represent the plant of G. Don’s description
in 1834. As regards the foliage-bud scale-leaves, they are present
on every N.W. Himalayan dried specimen which I have seen of
the alliance, and they are absent from every East Himalayan dried
specimen. They are not visible on the Gossain Than specimens
in the Wallichian Herbarium now at Kew, as Dr. Stapf kindly
informs me, and from the same source I learn that they are present
on the Badrinath, Srinagar specimens in the same herbarium.
I find them on all the yellow-flowered plants of the alliance
which are in cultivation at Edinburgh, and they are absent
from all our pink-flowered and white-flowered plants.

In 1841 Graham gave an account of Rh. anthopogon, D. Don *
based upon living plants flowering at Dysart House, Fifeshire.
He says that the plants were obtained from Messrs. Loddiges
five years previously and had flowered in three successive years.
Graham’s description was transferred to the Botanical Magazine
in the following year (1842) as text to the illustration t. 3947.
The figure shows a plant with “ yellowish-white ”’ flowers, and,
according to Graham, it differed from Dr. Royle’s figure in
being of much paler colour, in the segments of the corolla being
much broader, overlapping, and undulate, and in the bracts
being rusty rather than yellow. The Botanical Magazine figure
does not show persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves, and another
noticeable point is that the flower truss has comparatively few
flowers, many fewer than in the usual bright yellow N.W.
Himalayan plant. In the Edinburgh Herbarium are two twigs
of the Dysart House plant, unfortunately broken and fragment-
ary, furnishing no satisfactory evidence for determining their
origin from N.W. or E. Himalaya. One would not expect so
skilful an artist as Mr. W. Fitch to omit representation of the
persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves had they been present on the
specimen from which he made his illustration, and if one
makes the point critical, then the plant figured was from the
East Himalaya. The “ yellowish white’”’ flower is of less
moment, because in cultivation the colour is sometimes quite
pale from the outset in the N.W. Himalayan plant. Graham’s
text does not help to a decision, for, elaborate though it be,
it is not specific within this now very large genus. The data
do not suffice for a decision upon the question of what
plant the Botanical Magazine figure represents. If Sik
plants were coming into Britain at so early a date the plant
might well be one of them. I have not seen in cultivation a
plant of which the figure is a correct representation,

The next important landmark in this history is the advent
of the Sikkim Rhododendron in the late ’forties. Of Rh.

* Graham in Edin. New Phil. Journ, xxxi (1841), 394.

290 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

anthopogon, D. Don, Sir Joseph Hooker says: * “ Nothing can
exceed the beauty of its flowers, whether we consider the ex-
quisitely tender, membranaceous, translucent texture of the
corolla, with its delicate nervation, or the rich blush of the
first opening blossoms, which insensibly passes into snowy
white, then faintly tinged with sulphur—all colours seen on
one and the same plant.” Hooker quotes the Nepal and
Kumaon stations of Wallich’s Catalogue, and adds that of
Sikkim Himalaya. Hooker’s account of the flower colour
brings us back to the Gossain Than plant of the original de-
scription of Rh. anthopogon, D. Don. Doubtless, since Hooker's
exploration, seeds of the Sikkim plant have reached Britain
frequently. Certain it is that we have in cultivation nowadays
plants which in their flower colour show the succession of
changes observed by Sir Joseph Hooker. But the faint
sulphur-yellow tint acquired by the fading white is never like
the yellow of the flower of the plant which shows yellow from
the outset. Hooker’s dried specimens from Sikkim have not got
persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves, differing thus markedly from
all the N.W. Himalayan plants. Of Sikkim dried specimens
in the Edinburgh Herbarium in addition to the Hookerian one,
are :—Jongri (T. Anders., No. 767); Yangpoong (Watt, No.
5447); Singaleelah (Watt, No. 5217, flowers lemon green) ;
Ritampoo (Watt, No. 5284, flowers fresh pink; 5293, flowers
lemon white, 5418). Observe that Sir.George Watt confirms
Hooker’s account of variation in flower colour. In no one of
the Sikkim plants are there persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves.
I may add also that Hamilton’s No. 1083 from the Snow Mountain
in Nepal is also without persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves—
about its flower colour there is no information.

I am led by the facts to believe :—

(a) This Sikkim plant to which Hooker refers is the same
as the Nepal one originally described as Rh. antho-
pogon, D. Don. Characters of it are:

1. The flower colour is pink to white, sometimes on
fading becoming slightly sulphur-coloured, but it
is not from the beginning dark yellow ;

2. There are never persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves
upon it.

(0) The N.W. Himalayan plant is different. It is not the
original Rh. anthopogon, D. Don, but is the plant of
which George Don says the introduction took place
in 1820, and to which he adjusted his description
of Rh. anthopogon in 1834, ignoring the Nepalese

* Hook. f., The Rhododendrons of Sikkim (1849), Conspect. 7. See also

Hook. f. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. Lond. vii (1852), 104.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 291

plant. It is the plant to which gardening books so
often refer as Rh. anthopogon, D. Don. Characters
of it are :—

1. Flowers yellow from the outset in large trusses ;

2. Foliage-bud scale-leaves are persistent.

More than this, the N.W. Himalayan plant is, as I shall
explain presently, that which Maximowicz took to be his Rh.
fragrans, Maxim. spread into the Himalaya, but it is not that
species. It has to be named, and I call it Rh. hypenanthum,*
Balf. f. Specimens of it in the. Edinburgh Herbarium are—
Kishtwar (T. Thomson, sub nom. Osmothamnus fragrans) ;
N.W. India (J. L. Stewart) ; Keylang, Lahaul (Watt, Nos. 2463,
2504); Kiltu Kunda (Watt, No. 3337); Kukti Village (Watt,
No. 2522) ; Murali (Watt, Nos. 8641, 13,576) ; Kulu (Watt, No.
13,631) ; Garhwal (Duthie, No. 941); Kashmir (Duthie, No.
11,021) ; Galja Byans (Reid) ; Dakwani (Reid) ; Bashahr (Lace,
No. 231) ; Chamba (Lace, No. 1578); Kilas (Minniken). A
full description of this species will appear shortly.

There is yet to be noted a further confusion of species under
the name Rh. anthopogon.

The definition of Rh. anthopogon, D. Don given by Clarke
in the Flora of British India ft was not fortunate in the
interests of precise knowledge. Instead of sifting relation-
ships of described forms, Clarke seems to have gone to Maxi-
mowicz’s story of East Asiatic Rhododendrons, and to have
transferred to Rh. anthopogon, Don the whole of the species
therein described by Maximowicz. The outcome of Clarke’s
combination of forms is that the Rh. anthopogon of the Flora
of British India becomes a chimaera suggested by four already
described species—Rh. anthopogon, D. Don, Rh. fragrans, Maxim.,
Rh. micranthum, Turcz., and Rh. parvifolium, Adams, along
with one hitherto undifferentiated species—Rh. hypenanthum,
Balf. f.—and also probably Rh. haemonium, Balf. f. et Cooper.

Franchet ¢ has noticed the heterogeneity of the Rh. antho-
pogon of the Flora of British India. When dealing with Rh.
rufescens, Franch., a West Chinese species, he says :-—

‘La délimitation spécifique est difficile & établir dans le
petit groupe des Osmothamnus, dans lequel il n’est guére
possible de ne voir qu’une seule espéce, comme l’ont pensé
quelques auteurs. Il suffit, pour s’en convaincre, d’examiner

* Rh. hypenanthum, Balf. £—Species Rh. anthopogoni, Don milis sed
alabastri perulis per annos plurimos verticillatim persistentibus floribusque
ab initio aureo-luteis facile distinguenda.

+ Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. it (1882), 472-

t Franchet in Journ. de Bot. ix (1895), 397: also in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
xxxiv (1887), 284.

292 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

la synonymie du Rh. anthopogon, Don, telle qu’elle a été établie
dans le ‘ Flora of British India.’ ”’

I need say no more here about the parts of Clarke’s com-
‘bination that are to be segregated as the true Rh. anthopogon,
Don, and Rh. hypenanthum. Of the others :-—

Rh. fragrans, Maxim. finds its nearest alliance with Rh. antho-
pogonotdes, Maxim. and other Chinese species. See on p. 293.

Rh. parvifolium, Adams is not a near ally of Rh. anthopogon,
Don. It belongs to the Lapponicum series, represented out-
side Asia as well as in W. Asia by Rh. lapponicum, in the
Himalayas by Rh. nivale, Hook. f. and in West China, where
it seems to attain its maximum of over a score of species.
See p. 299. »

Rh. micranthum, Turcz. is a species which has been much
misunderstood—it is neither in the Anthopogon nor the
Lapponicum series.

Rh. haemonium, Balf. {. et Cooper may be best described as
an Eastern form of Rh. hypenanthum of the Western Himalaya.
The plants in dried specimens are not unlike, but the Bhutan plant
never has the persistent foliage-bud scale-leaves of Rh. hypen-
anthum, and is recognisable at sight. They both have the same
intensely yellow corolla. From Northern and Eastern Sikkim
there are specimens in the Edinburgh Herbarium which are
probably this species Rh. haemonium, and possibly some of
such Sikkim plants may have been included in the aggregate
that appears as Rh. anthopogon, D. Don in the Flora of British
India. Rh. haemonium is certainly not the true Rh. antho-
pogon, Don, and is very different from the S.W. Sikkim plants
of the group.

FRAGRANS SERIES,

I give the name Fragrans to a series of species distinguished
from those of Anthopogon by never having agglutinate
rufescent under-leaf indumentum, and from those of Cepha-
lanthum by never having a lax open fawn-coloured under-leaf
indumentum. The general characters of the series are :—

Aromatic shrubs with short-stalked small leathery leaves
ultimately dark green above and pale fulvous beneath, with
peltate shortly stalked uniform scales producing a compact
not loose or agglutinated surface of scales; the umbo of the
scales usually with a bright yellow ring of secretion and ‘girt
by a narrow few-armed fringe. Many scales of the twigs and
petioles lose their disks, becoming setae. Bracts of the capi-
tate umbel lepidote and fringed falling after flower-opening.
_ Calyx unequally lobed. Corolla fleshy, villous at throat, glabrous

outside, rose, white, or yellow. Stamens puberulous. Ovary

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 293

and style very short, style the shorter, ovary always lepidote,
but scales soon becoming agglutinated.
The following species belong to the series :—

Rh. anthopogonoides, Maxim. Kans
Rh. clivicolum, Balf. f. et Fansae N.E. of the Yangtze
W. W. Sm bend. s11,000—12,000 ft.

Rh. cremnophilum, Balf. f. et Yunnan—Chungtien plateau.
W. Sm.

13,000

Rh. fragrans, Maxim. E. Siberia.

Rh. primulaeflorum, Franch. Tibet: between Lhasa and
Bat

Rh. trichostomum, Franch. Szechwan: Tungngolo and
Tatsienlu

HEY TO THE SPECIES.
Leaves 3 cm. or more long. Flowers white
to yellow. Inflorescence axis puberulous z : -
Leaves under 3 cm. long. Flowers rose to
Ww. : ;

Hw

hite. Pedicels lepidote : . 4.
2. Bracteoles longer than calyx ‘ . primulaeflorum.
Bracteoles about equalling calyx P ‘ .
3. Pedicels hairy. Calyx elepidote . " anthopogonotdes.
Pedicels lepidote. Calyx lepidote . . chivicolum,

4. eager aad axis lepidote. aoe lobes
elepidote, fimbriate-setulo ; fragrans.
nara si axis puberulous ‘ P . ; .
5. Calyx lobes lepidote, ciliate, 4 mm. lon . cremnophilum

Calyx lobe sh ge scale- fimbriate, 2 mm.
long . trichostomum,
None of these species are in pau ue
Rh. fragrans.—So long ago as 1808 Adams described and

figured * under the name of Azalea fragrans, Adams a plant

with rose-coloured flowers from the banks of the Lena in

* Adams in Mém. Acad. Petersb., ii (1808), 332,t.14. The following is the

description given by Adams :—
Azalea fragrans, Adams.—A. foliis reguloso-punctatis subtus discoloribus,
ellipticis, obtusis ; floribus (10-v 15) subcapitatis, genitalibus inclusis
pedalis et ultra, erectus ; tentibus. Caulis crassitie
pennae cygneae, ligno albicante ; cortice | per senec ectutem secedente,
laevi, ramulorum tuberculoso scabro ; leviore, ferrugineo-

tomentoso. Rami, ramulique terni, quaternique e summitatibus ramorum anni
praecedentis. Folia in ramulis sparsa, conferta, sempervirentia, breviter petio-
lata; petiolo ferrugineo-pubescente, elliptica, obtusa, integerrima, margine
ree beatae glabra, viridia, nervo medio et venis depressis et inde rugosula,
subtu reste minutissimis irregularibus ferrugineis vestita, nervo prominulo,
sai ste m patentissima, semi mipollicaria et ultra, amoene fragrantia,
aromatica. Capitula in ramulis, supra ortum gemmarum , tecta
squamis ramentaceis, ovatis, obtusis, , fusco-ferrugineis, iiintdiomalin,
ciliatis, deciduis. Antheris cum ineunte vernatione coaetanea, floribus Io-15 e

i erumpentibus, brevissime pedunculatis, singulis ad basin bractea ramen-

204 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Eastern Siberia. Well ween the plant is, although as
Maximowicz has pointed out the figure leaves something
to be desired. In 1838* soa Candolle establishe d the genus

its collector regarded as a distinct species. To ae as
De: Ca ndolle gave the names: respectively O. frag Soh
Th wi

in one Rh. frag

evteneie the distribution of the species by including, in addition
to plants from many stations in Eastern Siberia, a plant collected
by T. Thomson at Kishtwar in the N.W. Himalayas. He.
qualifies the identification, it is true, by the comment upon the
dried specimen, “ spec. flor. fere destr.,’’ a remark no less applic-
able to the specimen in the Edinburgh Herbarium. I suspect
that Maximowicz may have been influenced in this determina-

sheet Osmothamnus fragrans, DC. But Thomson’s Kishtwar
plant is not Rh. fragrans, Maxim. It is yellow-flowered, not
rose-flowered or white-flowered, and it has tet ao

ud scales, which are absent from Rh. fragrans, Maxim., and
shows many other points of difference.[ We must Teak upon

tacea, ciliata mox emarcida vestitis. Pedunculus vix semilineam longus, squamu-

e
pubescentibus. Corolla hypogyna, "saepins decidua, semi-pollicaris, glabra,
infundibuliformis ; tubo ferrugineo-variegato, supra medium gibbo; fauce
sensim ampliata et limbo roseo-purpureis: Limbi patentes, quinquefidi, laciniae
suborbiculatae, vix ac ne vix quidem crenulatae, tenuissi ime venulosae. Stamina

q S$, qua vis, quadrisulcata, ad ma Vv. ex
c tes, chordaeque pistillari ante maturitatem affixos. _ neds
apice sulco oblite: a mina numerosa, line: a congene

ta
Habitat in provinciis septentrionalibus Sibiriae RE usque ad tietors
maris glacialis, ubi specimina florentia mense Julio | egi.

Proxima Azaleae i aaa differt caule robustiore, foliis majoribus
fioribus numerosis, brevissime pedunculatis, genitalibus que inclusis, quae in
A. lapp. cum mascula, tum snail apa exserta.

Odor praestantissimus aromaticus, accedens ad Rhododendri daurici.

* De Candolle, Prod., vii Sight 715.

+ Maximowicz, Rhododendr. As. Orient. a 16.

A As Franchet points out in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxxiv (1887), 285, where he
describes Rh. feeerant var. parvifoha, a plant referred by Rehder and Wi ilson to
Eh. trichostomu: p

= fy

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 295

Rh. fragrans, Maxim. as an Eastern Siberian species only, for
Thomson’s Kishtwar plant is Rh. hypenanthum, Balf. f., of
the Anthopogon series. Whilst taking a N.W. Himalayan
plant which had been for so long confused with Rh. anthopogon,
Don as part of Rh. fragrans, Maximowicz differentiated RA.
anthopogon, Don itself, for he says of Rh. fragrans: ‘‘ Antho-
pogoni non parum affine,” and gives diagnostic characters.
In this Maximowicz was right, and the differences are even
greater than he stated them to be. Rh. fragrans belongs to
a group other than that of Anthopogon. Notwithstanding
Maximowicz’s precise statements, C. B. Clarke,* when dealing
with Rh. anthopogon, Don as an Indian plant, brought Rh. fragrans
(with its synonymy as given by Maximowicz) into the chimaera
which he created under the name Rh. anthopogon. See p. 291.

Rh. fragrans does not appear as a plant of cultivation, and I
do not suppose it has any features making it more desirable in
horticulture than many of the aromatic shrubs of the Antho-
pogon and the Cephalanthum series. It must not be confused
with the Rh. fragrans, Hort. which, according to De Candolle,f is
only the American Rh. maximum, Linn. The scent there comes
from the flower; in Maximowicz’s plant from the vegetative
shoots. Inthe herbarium at Kew are specimens of Rh. fragrans,
Maxim. collected by Adams at the Lena and by Turczaninow
between Jakutzk and Ochotzk, and in the herbarium of the
British Museum there is also a specimen from Eastern Siberia.
To the heads of these herbaria I am indebted for allowing me
to examine the specimens from which I have made up the
following description of Rh. fragrans which may be of use in
further critical study of this series of Rhododendrons :—

Rhododendron fragrans, Maxim.—Small aromatic shrub about
30 cm. or more high erect with many spreading branches.
Branches a year old about 1.5 mm. in diameter densely clad
with a fulvous coating of peltate scales with some setae formed by
the stalks of scales from which the disk has fallen. Older branches
slightly scabrid then becoming dirty grey and ultimately the
hard bark splits off. Buds small with few scale-leaves ovoid,
scale-leaves falling early; outer scale-leaves about 3 mm. long
ovateacute mucronulate keeled crust ly coriaceous fulvously
lepidote along the keel elsewhere adpressedly puberulous, margin
slightly membranous and very finely shortly ciliate puberulous
inside, inner scale-leaves oblong spathulate submembranous
with a median vein but hardly keeled and hardly mucronulate
about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad outside puberulous, margin
finely ciliate inside puberulous. Leaves up to 2 cm. long

* Clarke in Flora of Brit. Ind., iii (1852), 472-
+ De Candolle, Prod., vii (1838).

296 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

shortly petiolate; blade oblong or elliptic-oblong narrow to
each end about 1.6 cm. long and 8 mm. broad thick leathery
with a small apical mucro, margin slightly revolute slightly
roughened by bases of fallen scales, base obtuse or very slightly
rounded; upper surface dark green midrib sulcate elsewhere
slightly rugulose but primary veins not particularly conspicuous,
more or less marked by pittings or greyish fragments (the remains
of peltate scales which densely covered the young leaf) ; under-
surface fulvous never rufescent the midrib slightly elevated
and covered like the rest of the smooth surface by peltate per-
sistent scales these are contiguous overlapping each having an
umbo which develops a yellow content girt by a narrow lobed
fringe, the scales are not agglutinated ; petiole about as much
as 4.mm. long usually shorter densely lepidote. Flowers
racemosely arranged about 10-15 together in small terminal
trusses, axis of inflorescence lepidote with setae formed from the
scale-stalks ; the outer bracts rounded about 5 mm. broad fulvous
not keeled but somewhat apiculate with a somewhat mem-
branous ciliate margin lepidote on the back and puberulous
inside ; the inner bracts ramentaceous obovate spathulate about
5 mm. long and 4 mm. broad lepidote on back lanate-ciliate
puberulous inside; prophylla linear claviform about 4.5 mm.
long longer than the calyx ; pedicels about 1.5 mm. long lepidote.
Calyx small and variable cut to nearly the base into five lobes
sometimes 2.5 mm. long sometimes about Imm.; the cup is saucer-
shaped and glabrous outside, lobes from deltoid to ovate to
oblong or elongate triangular longer ones perhaps 1 mm. broad
membranous or if short rigid with a few or no peltate scales
outside, margin in longer ones lepidote-fimbriate in smaller ones
with long setae at top even longer than the lobe itself. Corolla
about 1.2 mm. long membranous throughout hardly oblique,
tube glabrous outside pubescent inside about 8 mm. long ex-
panding into a rosy purple spreading limb cut into 5 rounded
lobes hardly crenulate and about 6 mm. in diameter. Stamens
5 about 7 mm. long nearly as long as corolla tube, filaments
dilated downwards and at base puberulous, anthers small
oblong barely r mm. long. Ovary conoid 5-lobed and densely
lepidote about 1.5 mm. long ; style stout clavate about 0.75 mm.
long crowned by a lobed stigma.

I am puzzled over one character. Adams says—and Maxi-
mowicz makes a point of the character—that the stamens are
glabrous. I do not find themso. The Anthopogons, excepting
Rh. rufescens, Franch., have glabrous stamens. The whole
series to which Rh. fragrans belongs has puberulous stamens.
In its rose-coloured (sometimes white) flowers Rh. fragrans

resembles Rh. cremnophilum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., but its

~

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON 207

habit, larger leaves and their form, its shorter bracts, and
lepidote pedicels easily distinguish it

Rh. anthopogonoides, Maxim., is another little known species
of the Fragrans series. It was collected in Kansu by Przewalski
in 1872, and so far as I know by no one since that date. I
expected that Mr. Farrer would have found it during his recent
expedition and have introduced it tocultivation. The only small
Rhododendron at all resembling it which I have seen in Mr.
Farrer’s collection is Rh. praeclarum, Balf. f. et Farrer, a new
species of the Cephalanthum series. See pp. 261, 317. I give
here for comparison a description of Maximowicz’s species—not
that I have much material upon which to base an account of it.
I have only one specimen, presented to the Edinburgh Herbarium
by Maximowicz and named by himself, so that I am sure of the
plant to which he gave the name.*

Small shrub copiously and fastigiately branched. Branch-
lets a year old densely coated by peltate resinous-centred scales
and also by short setae formed by the stalks of scales from which
the disk has fallen; older twigs blackening and showing remains
of scales and setae afterwards shedding the bark. Foliage-buds
ovoid small coated by small fulvous outer scale-leaves densely
lepidote outside with short resinous scales. Leaves about 3.5 cm.
long petiolate ; lamina thick coriaceous about 3 cm. long and as
much as 2 cm. broad elliptic mucronate at apex margin slightly
revolute entire slightly roughened by the bases of juvenile scales
or setae which have fallen off, base obtuse or somewhat truncate
or with lobes slightly rounded ; sc surface opaque midrib
and p veins more or less sulcate; under surface never
rufescent at most a pale rusty a deisel lepidote the peltate
scales uniform contiguous with umbo more or less orange-

mowicz, in Mél. Biolog. ex Bull. Acad. Imp. Sc., St. Petersb., ix

Maxi
ae 772, describes the plant as follows :—
hododendron anthopogonoides — (Osmothamnus, Maxim.).—Pumilum in-

ip) stamini
filamentis subulatis ad medium pilosis, antheris oblongis ; stylo duplo breviore
sursum subincrassato ; ovario lepidoto 5-mero.
In Chinae prov. Kansu (Przewalski, 18
Rh. anthopogoni, Don propius quam Rh. ‘aerant Maxim., ob folia majora,
inordinatos, corollae colorem, sed ab utroque bene distinctum limbo
mentis pilosis.

ramos
corollae parvo, filamentis

298 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

coloured and resinous and the fringe always frayed, the whole
indumentum compact the midrib elevated and more or less
lepidote ; petiole about 5 mm. long lepidote. Flowers some
20 in a small dense hemispheric truss with a short puberulous
axis; bracts early deciduous outer ones crustaceous fulvous
about 6 mm. long and 8 mm. broad more or less rounded carinate
mucronulate outside lepidote, margin finely ciliate within puberu-
lous ; inner bracts obovate spathulate membranous about 8 mm.
long 4 mm. broad outside softly puberulous and at the top
lepidote also ciliate at margin with twisted hairs inside puberu-
lous ; prophylla about 8 mm. long equalling the calyx filiform
and clavate expanded at the top where they are ciliate elsewhere
puberulous not lepidote ; pedicels about 2 mm. long puberulous
and elepidote. Calyx campanulate 5 mm. long cut to beyond
the middle, lobes often slightly spreading at top thinly mem-
branaceous green oblong ovate or oblong as much as 2.5 mm.
broad acute erose and fimbriate-ciliate outside elepidote inside
puberulous. Corolla yellow 1.4 cm. long slightly fleshy with a
narrow tube slightly oblique curved forward 8 mm. long in
front glabrous outside shaggy and villous inside and at throat
dilated upwards expanding into an oblique limb with 5 rounded
imbricate slightly crenulate lobes some 3.5 mm. in diam.
Stamens 5 about 6 mm. long the filaments dilated downwards
and puberulous at base, the anthers oblong and mm. long.
Ovary 5-grooved and densely lepidote the scales ultimately
sticky about 1.75 mm. long; style claviform green about 1.25
mm. long crowned by a lobed stigma.

Rh. anthopogonoides seems to be nearest to Rh. clivicolum,
Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. Both of them have yellow flowers, but
the puberulous elepidote short pedicels and elepidote calyx,
smaller corolla associated with larger leaves distinguish Rh.
anthopogonoides.

LAPPONICUM SERIES.
_ The following general characters mark the species in this
series :-—

Carpet, cushion or dwarf erect shrubs with small leaves
usually. Twigs lepidote the scales shortly stalked never losing the
disk and becoming setae. Foliage-bud scale-leaves never persist-
ent. Vernation complanate or convolute. The leaves lepidote on
both sides, the under indumentum always compact never loose
and spongy. Fringe of the scales usually as wide as the umbo
and entire. The inflorescence a terminal capitate umbel 1-7-
flowered. Flowers small. Flower-bud scale-leaves remaining
during flowering. Pedicels very short. Calyx cut to base with
membranous lobes varyingly lepidote, puberulous, ciliate or scale-

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 299

fimbriate. Corolla usually rose-violet to purple (yellow in
only two species), lepidote or glabrous outside; tube usually
a short funnel commonly hairy inside; limb open concave.
Stamens 5-10 exserted (see two exceptions) with hairy filaments.
Ovary lepidote sometimes with hairs also ; style glabrous or hairy
(lepidote in one species), usually longer than stamens and corolla.

The species that belong to the Lapponicum series are in the
following list, and I give the geographical distribution of each
as it is known to us :—

Rh. achroanthum, Balf. f. Yunnan : pate plateau,
12,000—13,000
Rh. alpicolum, Rehd. et Wils. Szechwan : raccgahi: 12,000-
55 ee. SE:
Rh. blepharocalyx, Franch. ~ Szechwan: Tatsienlu.
Rh. capttatum, Maxim. Kansu.

Rh. chryseum, Balf. f. et Ward. Tibeto - Yunnan _ frontier:
Ka-gwr-pw Glacier Valley,
; I3,000-15,000 ft
Rh. complexum, Balf. f. et Yunnan: Chungtien pla-
W. W. Sm. teau, II,000-12,000 ft.

Rh. cuneatum, W. W. Sm. Yunnan: Lichiang Range,
E. flank; 12,000 ft.; Li-
chiang, I1,000-13,000 ft. ;
Chungtien plateau, 10,000-
11,000 ft.; N.E. of Yang-
tze bend, 10,000-11,000 ft.

Rh. diacritum, Balf. f. et Yunnan: Chungtien pla-

W. W. Sm teau, 13,000-14,000 ft.
Rh. Br dskontii Bak. ©’ et Yunnan: Chung River Valley,

10,500 ft.

po Edgarianum, Rehd. et Szechwan: Tatsienlu, 11,000-
15,000 ft.

Rh. aceon: Franch. Yunnan: Tali, 11,000—12,000

ft.; Tali, E. flank, 12,000—
13,000 ft.; W. flank, 12,000
ft.; summit of Sung Kweli
Pass, I11,000—12,000 ft.

Rh. flavidum, Franch. Szechwan: Tongolo, 11,000-
13,000 ft.

Rh. hippophaeoides, Balt. f. Yunnan ; Chung River

et W. W. Sm. Valley, 10,500 ft.; W. of

Fengkow: Valley, 12,000
ft.; Chungtien plateau,
14,000 ft.; N.E. of Yang-
tze bend, 11,000—-12,000 ft. ;
Lichiang Range, 10,000 ft.

‘

300 BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rh. tdoneum, Balf. f. et W.
W. Sm.

Rh. impeditum, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm.

Rh. tntricatum, Franch.
Rh. lapponicum, Wahlenb.

Rh. nigropunctatum, Franch.
Rh. nitidulum, Rehd. et Wils.

Rh. nivale, Hook. f.
Rh. oresbium, Balf. f. et

Ward.

Rh. parvifolium, Adams.

Rh. polifolium, Franch.

Rh. polycladum, Franch.

Rh, a A a Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm

Rh. ramosissimum, Franch.

Rh, rupicolum, W. W. Sm.

Rh. scintillans, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm

Rh. tapetiforme, Balf. f. et
Ward

Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et
W. W. Sm.

Rh. thymifolium, Maxim.

Rh. verruculosum, Rehd. et
Wils.

Rh. Websterianum, Rehd. et

wns

Rh. violacewm, Rehd. et Wils.

Yunnan: Chungtien pla-
teau, 13,000—-14,000 ft.

Yunnan: Lichiang Range,
W. flank, 12,000—13,000 ft. ;
E. flank, 15,000—16,000 ft.

Szechwan: Tatsienlu.

Greenland; pre. Scandi-
navia ; N. Can

Tibet : ae ssi Lleasti to
Batang.

Szechwan: Muping, 10,000-
12,000

Sikkim ; Bhutan.

Tibeto - Yunnan frontier:
Doker La, 13,000-15,000 ft.

E. Siberia.

Szechwan: Tatsienlu.

Yunnan: Tali, MHoching,
gooo ft
Yunnan: Lichiang Range,

E. flank, 10,000-11,000 ft.

Tibet: between Lhasa and
Batang.
Yunnan: Chungtien pla-

teau, 1I2,000-13,000 ft.;
Kari Pass, Mekong- Yangtze
Divide, 12,000-13,000 ft. ;
Mekong-Yantze Divide,
15,000 ft. ; N.E. of Yangtze
bend, 13,000-14,000 ft. ;
Lichiang, W. flank, 14,000 ft.

Yunnan: Lichiang Range,
II,000-14,000 ft.; Lang-
kong-Hoching Pass, 11,000
ft

Tibeto - Yunnan frontier:
Ka-gwr-pw, 15,000 ft.

Yunnan: Chungtien _ pla-
teau, 12,000 ft.; Fengkow
Valley, 10,000-11,000 ft.

Kansu

Seschiwin - W. of
Hsien, 10,000 ft.

Szechwan: Tatsienlu, 10,000-
15,000

Szechan: W. of Kuan
Hsien, 12,000-13,000 ft.

Kuan

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 301

Of the thirty-four species named, only three are known out-
side of China: Kh. lapponicum, Rh. nivale, and Rh. parvi-
folium. That we are yet far from knowing all the species of
the series we may be certain. Already we have in Edinburgh
specimens that do not well fall into any of these described species,
but which cannot be described because of the lack of critical
parts. The group is a difficult one. To casual observation
several of the species resemble one another almost to the degree
of identity. Until they can all be studied as living plants there
will be unsolved questions about them. At the present time,
to my knowledge, the following species are in cultivation :—
Rh. cuneatum, Rh. fastigiatum, Rh. favidum, Rh. hippophaeoides,
Rh. idoneum, Rh. impeditum, Rh. intricatum, Rh. lapponicum,
Rh. nivale, Rh. parvifolium, Rh. rupicolum, Rh. scintillans.
Doubtless there are more, because more than one species has on
occasion appeared in one seed pan. There is no little confusion
amongst the cultivated forms. Rh. fastigiatum covers more
than one species. Rh. Edgarianum as it has come to us includes
two distinct plants, neither of them the right one, and therefore
I have omitted it from this garden list. Rh. intricatum also
is a name including two or three species of our gardens. Rh.
nigropunctatum is not in the list. I have not seen it either alive
or in herbaria, and doubt if it has ever been in cultivation.
Rehder and Wilson say that the plant formerly grown under
the name is Rh. intricatum.

I have seen, thanks to the kind co-operation of M. Lecomte
in Paris, types of aJl Franchet’s species excepting Rh. nigro-
punctatum and Rh. ramosissimum ; I have also seen specimens
of all Rehder and Wilson’s species, unfortunately only in small
amount ; Maximowicz enriched our collections many years ago
by samples of his species, and along with all these I have had the
rich spoil of the exploration by Forrest and Kingdon Ward. If
I attempt to sift the characters of the species and to find affini-
ties within the series, it is mainly in the hope of helping culti-
vators by giving them at least in some cases easily observed
marks of distinction by which to recognise their plants. Before
proceeding to this analysis it may be helpful if I elaborate the
brief outline given above of the characters of the series.

We have in the series carpet-forming species which are well
illustrated ‘by the name-species of the series Rh. lapponicum
and by the Himalayan Rh. nivale, plants which live for a
greater part of the year under snow, and by Kh. tapetiforme and
Rh. drumonium. Of the taller shrubby forms, Rh. parvifolium,
Rh. capitatum, and others represent those which have elongated
tapered leaves of some size. The dwarf cushion habit with
gnarled twisted branches is a growth form that is adopted

302 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

by a large number of the species, e.g.—kRh. fastigiatum, Rh.
impeditum, Rh. scintillans. I note that many of this type
have the discontiguous under-leaf scales. A most graceful
growth form is that shown by such plants as Rh. diacritum, Rh.
telmateium, Rh. thymifolium, which have very thin erect twigs
bearing rather small leaves, and these have punctulate under-
leaf indumentum.

In relation to cultivation of Rhododendrons in our gardens
the series has special interest, for we have, according to the
collectors, species which grow in clefts of limestone cliffs—such
are Rh. cuneatum, Rh. pyvcnocladum, and Rh. rupicolum. Diverse
from these in nidus are Rh. hippophaeotdes (boggy peaty pasture),
Rh. impeditum (open peaty pasture), Rh. scintillans (open marshy
pasture), and RA. telmateium (open boggy situations), and then
Rh. diacritum is said to come from humus-covered boulders.
Here, then, are species whose native habitat is definitely recorded
—limestone in one set, peat and marsh in the other—and as
Rh. cuneatum and Rh. rupicolum of the lime plants and Rh.
hippophaeoides, Rh. impeditum, and Rh. scintillans of the moist
peat plants are in cultivation, comparative experiment upon their
growth in relation to soil conditions is possible, and may throw
some light upon the problem of “ Rhododendrons and lime.”’

In all the species the short leaf-petiole is erect and is nearly
adpressed to the stem so that the lamina stands off from the
petiole at a considerable angle. In Rh. cuneatum alone do the
leaves reach any great size. There they may be 6 cm. long and
neatly 2 cm. broad. In the high alpines, Rh. nivale, for instance,
they are very small—may be only a couple of millimeters across.

The tint of the actual leaf surface above is dark green, beneath
it is paler because there the epidermis always produces papillae
coated with small particles of wax,* and these may give a glaucous
look to the surface. The real tint of the leaf is obscured because
both surfaces are covered with peltate scales forming an indu-
mentum. The general construction of these scales is alike in
all. There is a short stalk of several cells, often in two vertical
rows, and this stalk expands above into a many-celled umbo,
from the margin of which there extends all round a fringe of
empty cells so connected as to run together to the margin of
the fringe and to end altogether there, so that the edge is smooth
and not toothed. The fringe is radially as broad as the umbo.
This umbo may contain a resin-like excretion, which may become
tinted yellowish, amber-coloured, or red, and is then glistening,
or it may remain unmarked by change in content, and then the
surface of the umbo is not glistening or sometimes the point

*As Mr. Tagg, Assistant in our Museum, who is studying indumenta of

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 303

where the umbo passes into the fringe becomes tinted and there
appears to be a ring of resin-like substance. The fringe itself
may remain uncoloured and whitish, or it may change to a brown
colour—the cell-walls here altering. These scales are at first
whitish all over, both on top of and below the leaf lamina. The
scales on the upper surface are almost superficial. By that I
mean they are not sunk in deep pits. The upper leaf-surface
may be undulate and the scales may come off from the depres-
sions, but they are always raised above the surface so that the
fringe spreads more or less horizontally over it. These scales
may shrivel up on the old leaves remaining as a greyish debris
making the surface somewhat hoary, or may fall off and leave
only a trace of their existence in the undulation of the surface
or in greyish shreds, or they may, if the umbo becomes resinous,
remain as scintillating disks spread over the surface. As to how
far the difference is to be regarded as associated with any par-
ticular environment or as a specific character there is insufficient
evidence.

The form and distribution of the scales on the under-leaf
surface furnishes a mark of much value in the diagnosis of species.
The scales of the mould already mentioned may be contiguous
or discontiguous. The area of exposed leaf epidermis where the
scales are discontiguous is about the same as, or more than, that
of the scales. There are states when the scales are not quite
contiguous and there are left narrow chinks between the
scales. For purposes of description this state is treated as
contiguous. Where the scales are contiguous the fringes of
adjacent scales may not merely touch but overlap in an imbricate
fashion. By this character of contiguity or discontiguity of
scales we can at once diagnose groups of species. Where the
scales are contiguous they are essentially superficial ; where dis-
contiguous they are sunk in pits, and this sinking affects the
appearance of the scale—because if the pit be deep the length
of the stalk of the scale may be less than the depth of the pit ;
the umbo of the scale is then depressed and the fringe may. be
turned upwards and only slightly overlap the leaf-surface. Such
sunk scales are readily recognised. The evident function of
all scales is water conservation through the layer of still air
they maintain over the leaf-surface. The wax-bearing epidermal
papillae appear to be much better developed in the discontiguous

species than in the contiguous ones.

There are yet other interesting features to notice of this
indumentum on the under-leaf surface. In some cases the
contiguous scales are large and all of about the same form, size,
and colour, and their imbrication gives the effect that one
observes in such scale-covered leaf-surfaces as occur in Elaeagnus,

G

304 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

species of Croton, and others. This is well represented in Rh.
cuneatum, Rh. hippophaeoides, Rh. idoneum, Rh. intricatum,
Rh. polifolium, Rh. tapetiforme, Rh. Websterianum. One speaks
of the scales as uniform or concolorous. The surface may be
'grey-coloured, or if the scales are tinted brown it becomes a
bright brown or a rusty brown. But in some cases, eg., Rh.
achroanthum, Rh. capitatum, Rh. chryseum, Rh. rupicolum, about
half of the scales equally distributed over the leaf-surface become
tinted brownish and are intermixed with the other half, which
remain whitish or grey-green. There appear to be two kinds of
scale. But the scales are all of the same build; it is in the
coloration that there is difference, and also in the stalks, which in
the brown scales are a little longer and the scale-disks are there-
fore projected somewhat beyond their untinted fellows. And
then we pass to species in which only a few of the scales de-
velop longer stalks and become brown, as in Rh. diacritum,
Rh. drumonium, Rh. nigropunctatum, Rh. nivale, Rh. pycno-
cladum, Rh. telmateium, Rh. thymifolium, and others, so that the
greyish or brownish leaf-surface is picked out with dark brown
spots—it is punctulate. We speak of the scales in the two cases last
described as biform or bicoloured. What functional meaning,
if any, there is in the modification is not evident, unless it
be that the projection of many or few of the contiguous scales
secures more free communication between the stomata and the
atmosphere—a suggestion the validity of which is questioned
by the occurrence of like disposition on leaf-surfaces where the
scales are discontiguous. Leaf under-surfaces with discon-
tiguous scales may appear grey or tinted brown or brown mixed
with green. The grey and green of the surface depends upon
the area of surface exposed between the scales and the develop-
ment of wax on the epidermal papillae; the brown tint is a
consequence of the coloration of the scales.

Examination of dried specimens and of the few species that
are in cultivation tells me that this indumentum character of
the old leaves is a good basal one of definition.

The twigs of all the Lapponicum Rhododendrons are alike.
They may be longer or shorter, but are all coated with a rusty
indumentum of peltate scales which peal off like scurf.

In no one of the Lapponicum series have I found on the
stems and petioles the very long-stalked peltate scales which
lose sooner or later their disk—the stiffened stalk becoming there-
after a longer or shorter seta. These setulose scale-stalks are well
developed in the Anthopogon, Fragrans, and Cephalanthum
series. See what I say on p. 318. In this Lapponicum series the
scale-remnant sometimes forms a little wart on the branch-

lets before the grey bark begins to shred off, but that is all.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 305

The foliage-buds are all small, more or less oblong, with two
or three small thick rusty lepidote scale-leaves outside and
spathulate thinner ones within. The scale-leaves fall off at once
on opening of the bud. None of them persist. The ptyxis of the
leaves in the bud is involute or they may be plane, and the
vernation is correspondingly implicate or complanate. This
character in the bud is a tribe distinction of all these small-
leaved Rhododendrons, marking them off from the whole of the
large-leaved Rhododendrons, which have revolute ptyxis and a
curious valvate vernation of the leaves within a hollow chamber
formed by the numerous scale-leaves of the bud.

The flowers are produced at the end of shoots either as
solitary terminal flowers with hardly any stalk, or in groups of
2-7 flowers equally and short-stalked. Where there are several
flowers at the end of a twig they belong to one truss; there are
never lateral accessory trusses or flowers. This is important,
separating the group from Rh. dauricum, Linn. and forms
within its orbit. There may be considerable variation in the
number of flowers in a truss in the same species, but apparently
some species have constantly a solitary terminal flower, e.g.,
the whole of the species in sub-series B (see p. 309)..

In all cases the flower-bud is more or less globose, the outer-
most sterile bracts very small ovate and lepidote, the ones within
more or less rounded and hooded, mucronate or apiculate or not,
lepidote outside and ciliate or lanate at margin and top. Varia-
tions there are, and investigation must determine whether any
point of diagnostic value is to be found in these sterile bracts.
They are always more or less persistent until flowering is well
over. The innermost spathulate more or less hairy bracts are
also wonderfully uniform, as are also the thread-like bracteoles.
usually longer than the pedicels, which are commonly lepidote,
often reddened.

In the flowers themselves the calyx is always cut to near the
base into five lobes which are equal or unequal. If the latter,
the postero-lateral are the larger. There is much variation in
the size of the lobes. Sometimes the smaller are mere points.
The larger may be membranous plates 5 millimeters long.
They are green or reddened, may be lepidote on the back and
margin, and ciliate or lanate atthemargin. As Rehderand Wilson
have pointed out, forms like these Lapponicum Rhododendrons
with sterile bracts remaining during flowering are apt to show
divergence within a species in the calyx. One may recognise
its oneness for the group, and that certain species have generally
say large calyx lobes, others have small ones, but we do not yet
know the limits of specific character in the calyx.

It is otherwise with the corolla. It shows a short funnel-

306 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

like tube in most species, and it opens into a broad funnel limb
with five usually crenulate lobes spreading wide open in full
flower—the lobes as long as the rest of the corolla, but in three
species—Rh. blepharocalyx, Rh. complexum, and Rh. tntricatum—
the tube is elongated cylindric ventricose at base, constricted at
the mouth, and the limb is nearly patent. So distinct is this
that the right of these species to a position within the series may
be doubted. They form a small group intermediate between the
Lapponicum and the Cephalanthum series. The colour varies
from rose-pink to purple and violet ; in Rh. chryseum and Rh.
flavidum it is yellow—an interesting contrast with the Cepha-
lanthums, in which yellow and white are the dominant colours.
The corolla is always lined inside by hairs and two states have to
be recognised. The stamens in the funnel flowers project far
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, which is plugged by a mass
of hairs in part derived from the corolla tube, in part from the
staminal filaments. In the flowers with elongated corolla tube
the stamens do not or hardly project from the tube, and no hairs
are visible in the open flower. The two states are noticeable at
sight. There remains one character of the corolla to notice which
is a thoroughly good differentiating one. Some species have the
corolla lepidote outside right from the corolla tube to the top of the
lobes—sometimes slightly, other times copiously. It is a character
I trust. The species in which the lepidote corolla occurs are :—

Rh. achroanthum, Balf. f.

Rh. chryseum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Rh. cuneatum, W. W. Sm

Rh. diacritum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. drumonium, Balf. f. et Ward.

Rh. flavidum, Franch.

Rh. itdoneum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. pycnocladum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. rupicolum, W. W. Sm.

Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. verruculosum, Rehd. et Wils.

In the few cases where the number of the stamens is 5 it
seems to be a definite mark for diagnosis. Fluctuations from
8—ro are. so common that these higher figures are of no diagnostic
import. There are differences in the breadth of the filaments
which in dried specimens seem to suggest a differential character,
but further investigation must determine this. All the Lap-
ponicum Rhododendrons have hairs upon the filaments. The
portion of the filament from the upper third of the ovary down-
wards is commonly slightly broader and bare of hairs, the region
_ immediately above this and therefore encircling the top of the

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 307

ovary is always more or less hairy—frequently each filament
has a villous tuft there which projects over the ovary into the
tube of the corolla. But the hairs may be few in number or
they may spread up the filament to near the top (RA. capitatum).
In most of the series the stamens are about equal in length to
the corolla—longer or shorter—but in the forms with elongated
corolla tube circling round Rh. intricatum, Franch. they are not
longer than the corolla tube, and there show most markedly
the apparent obdiplostemony of so many Ericaceae.

The ovary in all cases is lepidote, but not only so, it may be
also pilose. This pilosity is a fluctuating feature. In all cases
the top of the toral disk at the base of the ovary is more or less
pilose. The hairs may extend upwards over the ovary amongst
the scales to the top in a varying degree. Sometimes (Rh.
achroanthum) they obscure the scales; at other times are
hardly visible. From the ovary the hairs may extend to the
style nearly through half its length. On the same plant
in some a style pilose and one epilose may be found. Yet at
times the character is‘useful. The length of the style in
relation to the ovary is of importance. In the forms where
the stamens are not exserted from the corolla tube the style is
always shorter than the stamens—it may be shorter than its
ovary. In forms with long stamens the style may be about
equal to them—longer or shorter. Then there is the majority
of forms with style consistently much longer than the stamens.

The fruit, apart from variation in size, has the same type in
all species of Lapponicum Rhododendron where it is known—an
ovoid capsule dehiscing by five woody valves to the base.

Here follows an attempt to arrange the species in grouplets
for the purpose of facilitating recognition of them by easily
observed characters. The arrangement in sub-series and the
keys seem to work all right in relation to dried specimens, and
so far as I have tested they are effective for the few species in
cultivation. They seem to bring together more or less the nearly
allied species. But they are tentative.

SuB-SERIES A.
Scales of under-leaf indumentum brown, uniform, truly
discontiguous. The species
Rh, fastigiatum, Franch.,
Rh. flavidum, Franch.,
Rh. impeditum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.,
Rh. oresbium, Balf. f. et Ward,
Rh. scintillans, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.,
Rh. verruculosum, Rehd. et Wils.,
Rh. complexum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.,

308 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

may be taken together as forming a sub-series marked by this
character of the under-leaf indumentum. The brown scales are
truly discontiguous, having conspicuous bare epidermal areas.
Let me make quite clear that the area without scales is large,
hence the scales are as it were dotted at intervals over the surface,
and that the old leaves must be looked at. The leaves in the
species of this series vary from elliptic to oblong, and form-differ-
ences are useful to distinguish between closely related species ;
for instance, Rh. impeditum has the elliptic type, Rh. scintillans
the oblong. The flowers in the truss are as a rule few—3-5 in
Rh. fastigiatum, the largest number, 1 only in Rh. verruculosum.
Some tint of violet or purple marks the flowers, save in Rh.
flavidum, where they are yellow. Scales on outside of corolla
is an excellent differential mark. Three species have this—Rh.
fastigiatum, Rh. flavidum, Rh. verruculosum. 1 know of no more
useful mark than this for distinguishing RA. fastigiatum amongst
like forms. Any plant with more than one flower in the truss
and with lepidote corolla and that shows discontiguous uniform
scales below is Rh. fastigiatum. The character will enable
anyone to separate out this species from others which are
commonly mixed with it in gardens. The 10 exserted stamens
and the style longer than the stamens are common marks,
with the exceptions of 7--8 stamens in Rh. verruculosum and a
puberulous style shorter than the stamens. in Rh. oreshium.
Rh. complexum is really not in its natural place here, for it has a
long tube to the corolla and only 5 stamens which with the
style are included, and these are foreign to the Lapponicum group.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Corolla lepidote . : 2.
Corolla elepidote [ ‘ ; ‘ ; 4.

2. eos yellow ‘ ‘ : ‘ eae
owers purple tinted : ‘“ . 4.

. ee ee 1-flowered : , ; : saeeariiieaaiie:
Inflorescence 3-5-flowered ; . fastigiatum.

4. Stamens and style included in eorota’ tube . . complexum.
Stamens and style exserted . ; : 5.

5. Style hairy, shorter thio sca 2 ‘ : oresbium.
Style glabrous, longer than stamens . ‘ ‘ : 6.

6. Leaves elliptic, rounded at each end : - tmpeditum.
Leaves oblong, narrowed at each end ‘ ; scintillans.

Of the species named here the following are to my knowledge
in cultivation :—RA. fastigiatum, Rh. flavidum, Rh. Va attien
Rh. scintillans.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 309

SuB-SERIES B.
Scales of the under-leaf indumentum contiguous grey or pale
brown, surface punctulate with a few darker scales.
This sub-series of the Lapponicums may be termed the
punctulate. It contains :—

Rh. alpicolum, Rehd. et Wils.

Rh. diacritum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm
Rh. drumonium, Balf. f. et Ward.

Rh. nigropunctatum, Franch.

Rh. pycnocladum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. thymifolium, Maxim.

These are all I believe near allies, with perhaps the exception
of Rh. pycnocladum, which I place here because it shows the
character by which all the others are marked—contiguous
scales of the under-leaf indumentum with punctulation. This
character is an easily recognised one, and I am sure will be
of use to cultivators in identifying their plants. There is one
other plant which shows the character—the Himalayan Rh.
nivale, Hook. f.,—but I do not include it here because its habit
and other features show it is not really an ally of these other
species. It is better taken in a section of high alpines, to
which I refer hereafter. The fundamental character of
punctulation gave origin to Franchet’s naming of Rh. nigro-
punctatum. All the species in this group are small shrublets with
erect thin twigs and small ovate, or elliptic, or oblong, or lanceolate
leaves. Rh. pycnocladum is an exception, being a cushion shrub,
after the fashion of Rh. impeditum and its fellows. The ground-
work of under-leaf indumentum is composed of uniform con-
tiguous shining scales which give a greyish or yellowish-grey or
pale leather-coloured tint to the whole surface, and upon it the
brown punctulations show up. Rh. pycnocladum has a bright
brown ground-work. The trusses are invariably 1-flowered, and
the corolla always of a tint of rose-violet to violet and purple, is
lepidote in more than half of them—Rh. diacritum, Rh. dru-
montium, Rh. polycladum, Rh. telmatetum. The stamens are 10
(8-10 in Rh. alpicolum and Rh. drumonium) and always along
with the style exserted. In two species only is the glabrous
style (hairy in Rh. alpicolum) shorter than the stamens, namely,
Rh. alpicolum and Rh. thymifolium,

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Corolla lepidote ‘ é ° . . 2
Corolla elepidote i 3 é é E 5.
2. Style glabrous, equalling stainens é M . drumonium.

Style glabrous, longer than stamens: . ‘ ‘

310 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

3. Leaves dark green above, bright brown below . pycnocladum.
Leaves hoary above, yellow-grey below ‘ i : 4.
4. Leaves oblong or oblong elliptic ‘ ; ; diacritum.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate . : . ; telmateium,
5. Style hairy. ‘ : : ; é alpicolum.
Style glabrous ; ; : . 6.
6. Style longer thanstamens . ; : nigropunctatum,
Style shorter than stamens . : ‘ . thymifolium,

Rh. telmateium is the only one of these that is in cultivation.
The plant met with in cultivation under the name Ra. nigro-
punctatum is not Rh. nigropunctatum, Franch.

The species of the Lapponicum series in which the scales of
the under-leaf indumentum are contiguous without sporadic
punctulation, or stand so close together as to leave only narrow
chinks uniformly or here and there through which the epidermal
surface can be seen, are the majority. One may, however, to
assist recognition, segregate them in smaller sub-series.

SuB-SERIES C.,

Scales of under-leaf indumentum grey or yellowish-grey,
contiguous, uniform, forming a shining surface.

This first sub-series I mention is one in which the under-leaf
indumentum is composed of truly contiguous, even imbricate,
scales which are shining, of a grey or perhaps slightly yellowish
tint. Thisgives the whole surface a uniform coloration in marked
contrast with the green upper surface. The species that come
into this category are :-—

Rh. blepharocalyx, Franch.

Rh. hippophacoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. idoneum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.

Rh. intricatum, Balf. £. et W. W. Sm.

Rh. polifolium, Franch.

Rh. Websterianum, Rehd. et Wils.

Of these Rh. hippophaeoides, Rh. idoneum, Rh. polifolium, and
Rh. Websterianum are true members of the Lapponicum series.
The first and last very much like in general facies—twiggy hoary
shrubs of some size, the former often with long virgate shoots—
Rh. idoneum a smaller cushion shrub, Rh. poltfolium an erect
twiggy shrub with thin branches resembling much Rh. thymi-
folium, Maxim., but that species has punctulate indumentum.
Here I interpolate :—When Franchet says of Rh. polifolium
“ Rh. thymifolio, Maxim. affine: ab illo differt gemmis nec
unifloris nec ad apicem solitariis, sed constanter 2 vel 3 glomeratis
et saepe bifloris,”” he does not mean, as the type specimens show,

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 311

that there is here as in Rh. dauricum, Linn. a fascicle of 2-3-
flowered umbels at the end of one shoot. The construction is
as in others of the Lapponicum series, only here the leafy shoots
which end in flower trusses are short and many at the end of the
branches, and give somewhat the appearance of an aggregation
of umbels. Rh. blepharocalyx (which differs from Rh. intricatum
in having 5 stamens and style shorter than the ovary) and Rh.
intricatum are included here because of their indumentum. As
I have explained under Rh. complexum they have a corolla
altogether different from the Lapponicums, approaching that of
the Anthopogons, the Fragrans, the Cephalanthums. In this
‘sub-series we pass from 2~3-flowered inflorescences, as in Rh.
tdoneum, Rh. polifolium, and Rh. Websterianum, to 6—7-flowered
ones in Rh. hippophaeoides. 6~7-flowered trusses occur also in
Rh. blepharocalyx and Rh. intricatum. The corolla is some tint
of rose-purple to a purple or light blue, and is lepidote only in
Rh. idoneum. 10 stamens are the rule, 8-10 in Rh. hippo-
phaeoides. The style glabrous (in Rh. Websterianum sometimes
lepidote) is longer than the stamens in Rh. tdoneum and Rh.
Websterianum, in the others shorter; in Rh. intricatum only
about as long as the ovary, in Rh. blepharocalyx shorter than
the ovary.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Corolla lepidote , tos ‘ idoneum.
Corolla elepidote ‘ ; ; ; 2.
2. Stamens and style ag et in schol tube . i : 3:
Stamens and style exserted d ; 4.
3. Style equalling ovary in ida: ceils Io : intricatum.
Style much shorter than ovary. Stamens 5. . blepharocalyx.
4. Inflorescence 6-7-flowered . ‘ : Meise cacusemn,
Inflorescence 2-3-flowered 5.
5. Calyx coriaceous under 2 cm. long. ‘Style visio polifoliane
Calyx membranous 4mm. long. Style lepidote . Websterianum.

f these species I know in cultivation :—Rh. tdoneum, Rh.
intricatum, Rh. hippophaeordes.

SUB-SERIES D.

Scales of under-leaf indumentum large, uniform, and con-
colorous, contiguous or nearly so, surface never white but
fulvous to rufous. Never punctulate

I associate in a sub-series by themselves three species in
which the under-leaf indumentum consists of contiguous,
uniform, concolorous scales, but the whole surface is not bright
grey or yellowish-grey and shining, but has a more uniform brown
tint, even bright cinnamon, through all the scales becoming
coloured alike. There is no sporadic punctulation nor is there

312 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

an intermixture about equal of dark,brown and paler scales.
The species showing this character are :—

Rh. cuneatum, W. W. Sm.

Rh. nitidulum, Rehd. et Wils.

Rh. tapetiforme, Balf. f. et Ward.

Rh. tapetiforme is, as its name suggests, a carpet-forming
species ; the others are shrubs, in the case of Rh. cuneatum as
much as 1.5 m. high. Rh. cuneatum is the largest leaved and
largest flowered species in the whole Lapponicum series, and the
larger leaves, as much as 6 cm. long, often do not suggest the
series at all. But it has often quite small leaves, and I think it
finds its right place in the series. Rh. nitidulum gets its name
from the glistening, amber-coloured scales on the upper-leaf
surface—a feature well seen also in Rh. scintillans of the dis-
contiguous scaled group, and in others occasionally. The flower
trusses are I—2- or 3-flowered. The flower colour, bright rose in
Rh. tapetiforme, rose lavender in Rh. cuneatum, is violet purple
in Rh. nitidulum. Stamens are 10. The style, glabrous in all,
is longer than the stamens in Rh. cuneatum (very long) and Rh.
mitidulum, equalling them in Rh. tapetiforme.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
I. Corolla lepidote. Leaves 3-6 cm. long é ‘ cuneatum,

Corolla elepidote. Leaves 2 cm. long 2.

2. Flowers rose. Style equalling stamens —_ tapetiforme.
_ Flowers violet purple. Style longer than

stamens , ‘ : ; ; nitidulum.

Rh. cuneatum alone of this group is in cultivation, and of
its right to a position here I am in some doubt.

SUB-SERIES E.

Scales of under-leaf indumentum contiguous or nearly so,
relatively large, bicolorous, dark brown or rufous and pale
coloured intermixed usually equally.

A number of the species of the Lapponicum series, including
Rh. lapponicum, Wahlenb. itself, which have contiguous scales
on the under-leaf surface show a fulvous tint there which con-
trasts with the bright grey or yellowish-grey seen in many other
species of the series. The cause of this is that the scales are of
two colours—some of them brown and these more prominent,
others of them remaining a pale grey-green. Often, too, the
scales may not be quite contiguous, leaving chinks through which
the epidermal surface is visible. These bicolour scales are about
equally intermixed in very old leaves, the dark brown which
are more projected from the surface may be more numerous.

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 313

This is very different from the punctulation found in sub-
series B. The species showing the character I mention are :-—

Rh. achroanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
Rh. capitatum, Maxim.

Rh. chryseum, Balf. f. et Ward.

Rh. lapponicum, Wahlenb.

Rh. parvifolium. Adams.

Rh. polycladum, Franch.

Rh. rupicolum, W. W. Sm.

Rh. violaceum, Rehd. et Wils.

I think that the species thus brought together may be
regarded as more nearly allied to one another than to other
species, but the specific differences are marked. In habit they
range from prostrate shrubs like Rh. lapponicum to erect shrubs
of a meter high or more. Rh. chryseum is said to be a “ dwarf.”
The flower trusses are most usually 3~-5-flowered. In RA.
lapponicum i-flowered. In Rh. violaceum 1-3-flowered. In Rh.
chryseum and Rh. parvifolium 6-7-flowered. Flower colour is
distinctive in some species—some shade of violet purple in
most of them ; it is a dark almost purple black in Rh. rupicolum,
rose in Rh. capitatum and Rh. achroanthum, yellow in Rh. chry-
seum. Lepidote corollas characterise Rh. achroanthum, Rh.
chryseum, and Rh. rupicolum. The stamens are 5 in Rh. achro-
anthum and Rh. chryseum, 5-6 in Rh. lapponicum, 8-10 in Rh.
capitatum and Rh. rupicolum, 10 in all the others. The style
always exserted and longer than the stamens is glabrous in
Rh. sion ge Rh. polyeladsen, Rh. parvifolium, and Rh.
vtolac

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

I. Corolla lepidote ; og ‘ ‘ ‘: 3
Corolla elepidote ; : . : : ; :
2. Flowers yellow A ‘ . chryseum.
Flowers rose or purple tinted . . ; ; ‘
3. Corolla rose. Stamens 5 ‘ ? . achroanthum.
Corolla black purple. Stamens ro . ; rupicolum.

4. Leaves oblong or sublanceolate, narrowed ‘6
each end. ; .
Leaves ovate to elliptic, rounded at each end : : %.
5. Style hairy, longer than stamens : ‘ capitatum.
Style glabrous, longer than stamens i : c 6.
6. Inflorescence 1-flowered ‘ é 3 é icum.
Inflorescence 3-5-flowered . ; i . polycladum.
Inflorescence 6-7-flowered . “ , . parvifolinum.
7. Inflorescence I-flowered. Stamens 5-6 . . lapponicum.
Inflorescence 1-3-flowered. Stamens 8-10 . . violaceum,

314 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Cultivated species of the foregoing are :—Rh. chryseum, Rh.
lapponicum, Rh. parvifolium.

SUB-SERIES F,

Shrubs with very small, thick, rounded, even orbicular, leaves.
Upper-leaf surface dark green, with withered contiguous scales
amber-coloured shining. Under-leaf scales contiguous, some-
times bicolour and punctulate. Inflorescence 1-flowered. Corolla
elepidote. Style glabrous.

The species

Rh. Edgarianum, Rehd. et Wils.,
Rh. nivale, Hook. f.,
Rh. ramosissimum, Franch.,

are perhaps allied species within the Lapponicum series. I
confess, however, that I do not know much of either Rh. Edgari-
anum or Rh. ramosissimum, and grouping them as I do is yielding
to the consideration that they seem more like in leaf form to one
another than to other species in the Lapponicum series, and it is
convenient for practical identification so to arrange them. We
have only two small specimens of the former in the Edinburgh
Herbarium under Wilson No. 1319, and none of the latter.
Rh. nivale is a dwarf, prostrate, carpet shrub only a few inches
high, the others are small bushes. All three species have very
small leaves, rounded or approaching the orbicular, with con-
tiguous amber coloured scales above, some of them becoming
quite brown. Beneath the scales are also contiguous in Rh.
Edgarianum and Rh. ramosissimum, rufous not punctulate or
sometimes a portion remains greenish ; in RA. nivale the majority
are pale fulvous brown whilst the others are very dark brown,
and if there are very few the aspect of the surface is somewhat
punctulate. Solitary terminal flowers are in all of them, and the
corolla is elepidote rose and rose purple to purple. The form of
the corolla in Rh. Edgartanum and Rh. nivale,in which only I have
seen it, seems to argue against placing them together, for in
Rh. nivale it has a short cylindric tube with a close villous throat
annulus, but is funnel shaped, with a pubescent throat in Rh.
Edgarianum. Taking Franchet’s description of Rh. ramo-
sissimum, “‘ corolla fauce pilis destituta poculiformis,”’ we have
a suggestion of a very different corolla. I have not had oppor-
tunity of dissecting a flower of true Rh. ramosissimum as described
by Franchet, but I have examined one from Wilson’s plant No.
1319, ascribed to Rh. ramosissimum, Franch. In it there is
quite a long (for the Lapponicum group) tube villous at the ©
throat. Then Rehder and Wilson say purple for colour not rose
as Franchet gives it, and further their plant is tall, Franchet’s

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 315

“humilis.” Rehder and Wilson’s is an interesting plant with
foliage that would well suit the grouping I make, which must be
taken however as having no special reference to Rehder and
Wilson’s plant. Rh. nivale has 10 stamens ; 8 only are described
in the other species, though I found ro in a flower of Rehder and
Wilson’s plant. The style is particularly long in Rh. nivale,
exceeding the stamens, as also in Rh. Edgarianum, but is
shorter in Rh. ramosissimum. The capsule, as might be
expected in the very high alpine Rh. nivale, seems to be much
larger than in Rh. Edgarianum.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Erect shrub with thick intricate branches.

funnel-shaped, throat pubescent. Sta-
mens 8-ro. Style longer than stamens . : Edgarianum,
Prostrate carpet shrub with thick intricate
branches. Under-leaf surface brown,
punctulate. Corolla red purple, throat
villous. Stamens 1o. Style longer than
amens . ‘

; F ‘ nivale,
Humble shrub with intricate branches.
Under-leaf surface fulvously lepidote
not punctulate orolla cup-shaped,
rose, throat glabrous. Stamens 8.
Style shorter than stamens . ; . ramosissimum,

Rh. nivale only is in cultivation to my knowledge. Plants
under the name Rh. Edgavianum are in gardens, but I have not
found any plants so-called correspond to Rehder and Wilson’s
description.

CEPHALANTHUM SERIES.

The type of Rhododendron exhibited by Rh. cephalanthum,
Franch. has been known to us otherwise only in Rh. Sargen-
tianum, Rehder et Wilson from West Szechwan. Now, owing
to the exploration of Forrest and of Kingdon Ward, we discover
that the type has a remarkable development in West Yunnan
and the bordering region of East Burma and Tibet. A dozen
species have to be added. Taking for the group the name Cepha-
lanthum from the oldest described species, the species com-
posing it with their distribution is given in the following table :—

Rh. acraium, Balf. f. et W. W. Yunnan: Chungtien plateau,
Sm. 12,000—13,000 ft.

Rh. cephalanthoides, Balf. f. Yunnan: Lichiang, 12,000-—
et W. W. Sm. 13,000 ft.

316 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

Rh. cephalanithum, Franch. Yunnan: Tali Range, E.
flank, I0,000-12,000 ft.
Rh. chamaetortum, Balf. f. et Tibeto-Yunnan frontier : Ka-

Ward. gwr-pw Glacier Valley,
15,000 ft.

Rh. gymnomiscum, Balf. f. et Tibeto-Yunnan frontier: Ka-

ard. gwr-pw Glacier Valley,
14,000 ft.
Rh. hedyosmum, Balf. f. Szechwan ?

Rh. ledowdes, Balf. f. et W. W. Yunnan: N.E. of Yangtze
Sm. bend, 13,000 ft.
Rh. lepidanthum, Balf. f. et Yunnan: Lichiang, 11,000-

W. W. Sm.
Rh. nwaiense, Balf. f. et Ward. E. Upper Burma: Nwai
Divide, 12,000-13,000 ft.
Rh. platyphyllum, Balf. f. et Yunnan: Tali Range, E.
W. W. Sm. flank, 10,000-11,000 ft.
Rh. praeclarum, Balf. f. et Kansu.
Farre

3
Rh. vadinum, Balf. f. et W. W. Yunnan: Lichiang, 11,000-
Sm. “ 12,000 ft.
Rh. Sargentianum, Rehder et Wo Szechwan: x1d000—
ilson. 14,000 ft. |
Rh. sphaeranthum, Balf. f. et Yunnan: Fengkow Valley,
iin a 12,000—-13,000 ft.

Excepting Rh. cephalanthum and Rh. Sargentianum all the
species are described in the preceding pages.

All these are dwarf, shrubby, aromatic plants with small (with
but few exceptions) repand leathery leaves, dark green above
and with a lax (spongy) never blood-red scale indumentum below :
and they show general uniformity in the form of the foliage-
bud scale-leaves persistent or deciduous, the complanate or con-
volute vernation with bright yellow young parts, the bistrate (long
and short) indumentum of scales the longer of which lose their

and become setae, the dense capituliform inflorescences
with overlapping deciduous bracts and conspicuous bracteoles,
the small green or reddish calyx cut to the base usually, the
tubular oblique corolla tube often long and villous: inside
usually bearded at the mouth, the included stamens glabrous
or puberulous, the short lepidote ovary and style never much
longer than the ovary but often shorter. Of the fruit we know
little—where known it is a lepidote capsule invested by the
calyx and dehiscing to the base.

The whole series has affinity with the series of Anthopogons
and of Fragrans. Franchet in the descri ption of Rh. cephalan-

BALFOUR—-NEW SPECTES OF RHODODENDRON. 317

thum cited below refers to the relationship and points out the
diagnostic feature of the indumentum of the leaf under-surface.
This character is a valuable differential one and easily observed.
I speak of the indumentum in the Cephalanthum series as
spongy because of its loose character and it is never blood-red.
‘In the Fragrans series it is compact and never blood-red. In
the Anthopogon series it is agglutinated and always blood-red.

We have to learn a good deal more of these species before a
comprehensive story of the Cephalanthum series can be written.
Meanwhile I give the following tentative key of differential
characters. The material for examination of most of the species
is not abundant, and may be found hereafter to have been in-
adequate for a true picture of the species described without,
however, upsetting the specific determinations.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Under-leaf indumentum spongy é : 2.
Under-leaf indumentum loose but - hardly
spongy -

12.
2. Perulae persistent . : * : ‘ ‘ 3.
Perulae deciduous . ; ; : . , 7
3. Corolla lepidote : d : ‘ ; é 4.
Corolla elepidote . : i F 6.
4. Pedicels none. Flowers antibod ‘ i radinum,
Pedicels 7-8 mm. long lepidote : : : 5.
5. Stamens hairy. Flowers white ‘ inp idaiiii
Stamens glabrous. Flowers pale yellow ‘ . Sargentianum.
6. Leaves 5 cm. long. Bracteoles longer than
calyx. Flowers cream-coloured ‘ . platyphylium.
Leaves 4 cm. long. Rratteeles shorter than
calyx. Flowers white . . cephalanthum.
7. Corolla hairy outside ; i ‘ ‘ ; 8.
; Corolla glabrous outside. ; A Q.
8. Bracteoles shorter than calyx. iftores-
cence axis elepidote. Flowers white.
Stamens glabrous cephalanthotdes.
Bracteoles much longer than calyx. Inflores-
cence axis oi epg Flowers rose-tinted. :
Stamens hai ‘ : ; . Sphaeranthum.
g. Stamens alee 5 : , : , ‘ ro.
Stamens hairy ; ; ‘ ‘ rr.
10. Flowers white. Calyx eit at ‘ . hedyosmum.
Flowers ae yellow: ganas scale-fim-
briate : . praeclarum,
ea ae axis pepaeaate. Calyx: eciliate : acrarum,
Inflorescence axis ome Calyx :
ciliate ; : : P ledoides.

318 BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

12. Perulae persistent . ‘ . F Tt,
Perulae deciduous. Pedicels glabrous.
Corolla yellow, glabrous outside . gymnomiscum
13. Pedicels lepidote. Calyx scale-fimbriate.
. Corolla yellow, glabrous outside : nwatense,
Pedicels hairy. Calyx ciliate. Corolla pink,
lepidote outside . chamaetortum.,

The following are in cultivation:—Rh. cephalanthoides,
Rh. salons: Rh. hedvosmum, Rh. ledoides, Rh. Sargenti-
anum, Rh. sphacranthum.
Rh. cephalanthum, Franch. was described by Franchet in

pl b
years, introduced, I suppose, through the French missionaries.
It has not yet been figured, and I do not know of a description
of it other than Franchet’s original one. It may be of use,
therefore, if I give a description here drawn from the plant as it
has A and flowered for some years past in the Royal Botanic
Garden :
Rh. seKatedtiom, —Small shrub about 6 cm. eJsiech feathered
o the ground with short stoutish erect branches annual
growths about 4 cm. long. Twigs of the year pale yellow
scurfy with an abundance of pale yellow. peltate scales on long
stalks raising them from the pale green surface of the branch
ich is coated by a stratum of shorter-stalked peltate scales ;
the disk of the long scales has a broad umbo and its equally
* Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxii (1885), 9. Franchet’s descrip-
tion runs :—
[ aeemenaron caesarean sp. nov. Sada vel sesquipedale, ramosum,

setloo-landuloss “Folia obovato-oblonga, in petiolum 5-6 mill. longum
co haseagggents supra intense viridia, asperata, subtus dense lepidota, quamis elevatis,

cutis ;
corolla alba, glabra ; tubus cylindricus, calyce vix duplo longior (1 cent. Gitciter
longus), intus dense villosus; limbus explanatus tubo subduplo brevior, lobis
rotundatis basi sese invicem obtegentibus; stamina 7-8, tubo breviora, fila-
mentis sparse pilosis. Ovarium lepidotum

In cac i

plus nombreuses, par ses filets staminaux poilus; elle s’éloigne de l’un et de
Pautre par ses fleurs blanches, par les écailles de la face inférieure des feuilles,
qui sont trés saillantes.

+ Franchet in Bull. Soc: Bot. France, xxxiii (1886), 234. Franchet here

R. bh Li thum, Fy b “ Fi li s) 5 ae by bd Sa +4 = =

atin
Ir 5 VOStilade

BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 319

broad fringe is fimbriate; the shorter scales have incomplete
disks in all degrees. The second year shoots are darker green
and the long scales more separate. In the third year the shoots
are brown and many or most of the long scales have now lost
their disk and the stalk alone remains as a short seta—a pro-
cedure strikingly characteristic of this plant and its allies—a
year or two thereafter the grey outer surface of the branch peels
off. Foliage-bud outer scale-leaves about 6 mm. long and at base
2mm. wide tapering from base to a sharp point prominently
keeled lepidote on back and margin puberulous inside, innermost
scale-leaves oblong spathulate about 1.4 cm. long 3 mm. broad
lepidote on back where is a prominent midrib with long cilia on
margin and puberulous inside ; all foliage-bud scale-leaves arise
at about same level and are persistent becoming woody so that
bases or annual growth on the branches are marked by rosettes
of woody scale-leaves. Leaves stalked as much as 4 cm. long ;
blade thick and leathery about 3.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad
spreading nearly at right angles to stalk which is at first adpressed
later acutely diverging oblong obtuse with mid-nerve running out
into a mucro which is recurved and making leaf appear some-
what emarginate, margin somewhat cartilaginous roughened by
bases of fallen setae occasionally one or two setae remain (margin
of young leaves setulose), base broad with rounded lobes not
cordulate; upper surface convex in young leaves grey with
peltate scales hardly contiguous in older leaves dark green shining
showing traces of fallen scales and often over the sulcate midrib
setulose from scale-stalks, primary veins on each side of midrib
about 7 and sulcate at origin ; under surface of young leaves pale
yellow green of old leaves a dirty fawn colour densely clad with
a persistent scurf of long and shorter peltate scales the longer
with broad disks slightly separate from one another covering the
shorter ones below, the midrib elevated at first concealed by scales
later pale straw-coloured and sparingly lepidote, other venation
hidden ; petiole about 5 mm. long stout scurfily lepidote like
stem and leaf under-surface. Flowers white some 8-10 race-
mosely arranged in small head-like terminal trusses upon a
lepidote rhachis the whole inflorescence immersed in the pre-
cociously developing leafy shoots from below the inflorescence ;
outer bracts fulvous brown crustaceously leathery broadly ovate
or rounded about 6 mm. long and 4.5 mm. broad somewhat
truncate and abruptly apiculate lepidote on back and ciliate at
margin ; the fertile bracts obovate or subspathulate hooded about
r cm. long and nearly 5 mm. broad somewhat membranous
yellowish densely lepidote outside and ciliate with contorted
hairs at margin puberulous inside ; bracteoles as much as 8 mm.
long not equalling calyx and 2 mm. broad spathulate greenish
H

320 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON.

yellow lepidote above and ciliate ; pedicels as much as 4.5 mm.
long lepidote. Calyx campanulate green membranous as much
as 7 mm. long cut almost to the base, lobes subequal ovate
acute lepidote on back and ciliate with twisted hairs largest lobe
about 3 mm. broad. Corolla oblique about 1.8 cm. long with a
tube about 1 cm. long glabrous outside villous inside expanding
into a limb with 5 crenulate imbricate lobes rounded somewhat
fleshy and about 5 mm. in diam. Stamens much shorter than
corolla tube about 6 mm. long the filaments dilated at base and
there puberulous, anthers oblong about 1.5 mm. long. The
ovary is about 2 mm. long and coated with yellow scales all over
and the style is only about 1 mm. long.